Population structure and genetic diversity of Bovec sheep from Slovenia preliminary results

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1 Population structure and genetic diversity of Bovec sheep from Slovenia preliminary results M. Simčič, M. Žan Lotrič, D. Bojkovski, E. Ciani, I. Medugorac

2 Introduction Jezersko Solčava sheep Bovec sheep Istrian Pramenka Bela Krajina Pramenka

3 Bovec sheep Krainer Steinschaff Austria Plezzana Italy Foto: V. Rezar Descendant of the ancient Small White sheep Widespread in Alpine regions extensive production Adapted on mountain grazing during summer time

4 Bovec sheep in Slovenia Population size = 2,300 animals Breeding program since 2005 Dairy breed Seasonal fertility Lactation milk yield = 206 kg Milk is processed into Bovec cheese Protected designation of origin Foto: G. Gorjanc

5 Improved Bovec sheep in Slovenia Introgression Started in 1982 New breed Population size = 900 animals Better milk production Lactation milk yield = 291 kg Foto: G. Gorjanc Bovec sheep a part of the population White East Frisian sheep Improved Bovec sheep

6 Objectives to obtain unbiased estimates for genetic diversity parameters to determine the origin and historical development to show the population structure to estimate the degree of admixture in the Bovec sheep population Foto: S, Volarič

7 Material Blood samples Bovec sheep (n = 44) Improved Bovec sheep (n = 9) Max 3 animals from each of 27 flocks (unrelated) Reference breeds genotypes International Sheep Genomics Consortium

8 12 reference breeds (255 animals) 1. Bovec sheep 2. Improved Bovec sheep 3. Jezersko Solčava sheep 4. Istrian Pramenka 5. Bela Krajina Pramenka 6. White East Frisian sheep 7. Brown East Frisian sheep 8. Alpagota 9. Bergamasca 10. Biellese 11. Bundner Oberlander 12. Swiss White Alpine sheep 13. German Texel 14. Spanish Merino Geographically closed Slovenia Introgression Possible ancient common origin Similar type traits Outgroups

9 Methods Genotypisation Illumina Ovine SNP50 array standard procedures ( Quality control procedures excluded SNPs with: genotyping errors unknown chromosomal position call rate < 95% minor allele frequency < the departure from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium Finally, 52,381 autosomal SNPs Missing genotypes imputed Beagle

10 Methods Genome wide relationships method of Powell et al. (2010) Genome divided into blocks of 4 SNPs inter marker distance > 50 kb to avoid an ascertainment bias of the OvineSNP50 array 4,972 blocks as alleles considered Genetic diversity parameters the total number of observed alleles mean number of alleles per block number of private alleles observed (H O ) and expected (H E ) heterozygosity

11 Methods Genetic relationships between breeds Nei genetic distances Neighbour network constructed and plotted SplitsTree4 Unsupervised clustering Admixture the best K the lowest cross validation error barplot generated with R

12 Results Bovec sheep: Mean inbreeding coefficient = ±0.052 Mean IBD = ±0.056 Relationship coefficient among breeds: Min (Bovec sheep German Texel) = Max (Bovec sheep Jezersko Solčava sheep) =

13 Genetic diversity parameters Total number of observed alleles Mean number of alleles per block Number of private alleles Ho ,85 0,80 0,75 0,70 0,65 0,60 0,55 0,50

14 Genetic distances Neighbour Net White East Frisian sheep Brown East Frisian sheep German Texel Swiss White Alpine sheep Improved Bovec sheep Bundner Oberlander Jezersko Solčava sheep Alpagota Spanish Merino Bergamasca Bela Krajina Pramenka Istrian Pramenka Bovec sheep Biellese Independent origin of the breed!

15 Population structure Unsupervised clustering Admixture (308 animals, K = 10) Bovec sheep is a distinct breed Introgression Alpagota Bergamasca Biellese Bundner Oberlander Improved Bovec sheep Bovec sheep Bela Krajina Pramenka Brown East Frisian sheep White East Frisian sheep German Texel Istrian Pramenka Jezersko Solčava sheep Spanish Merino Swiss White Alpine sheep

16 Bovec sheep > 98% purebred According to Admixture analysis

17 Conclusion Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated unique genetic identity of Bovec sheep preserved in the Alps Genetic distance matrix and unsupervised clustering showed independent origin of the breed The procedure is capable to detect purebred Bovec animals and could be used to prevent the uncontrolled introgression

18 Thank you for your attention! Foto: Š. Škander Mountain Mangart (2679 m)

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