Chapter 17. Mechanical Waves and sound
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1 Chapter 17 Mechanical Waves and sound
2 Section 1 Mechanical Waves A. What are Mechanical Waves 1. Mechanical wave: disturbance in matter that carries ENERGY!! 2. Medium: material wave travels in Can be solid (rope), liquid (water) or gas (air) 3. Vibration: repeating back and forth motion
3 Section 1 Mechanical Waves B. Types of Mechanical Waves 1. Transverse A. definition: causes medium to vibrate at right angles compared to the direction of the wave EX. Shake off a picnic blanket B. Trough: lowest point below rest position c. Crest: highest point above rest position D. diagram of transverse wave 0Waves%20Theory.html
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5 Section 1 Mechanical Waves B. Types of Mechanical Waves 2. Longitudinal waves A. definition: vibration of medium is parallel to direction of wave travel B. Compression: close together C. Rarefaction: spread out D. diagram of a longitudinal wave 0Waves%20Theory.html
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7 Section 1 Mechanical Waves B. Types of Mechanical Waves 3. Surface Waves A. definition: wave that travels along a surface B. Example: ocean waves C. Diagram of surface wave (circular)
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9 Section 2 Properties of Mechanical Waves A. Frequency and Period 1. Periodic motion: any motion that repeats at regular time intervals 2. Frequency: # of cycles in given time Hertz (Hz) cycles per second 3. Period time required for a complete motion
10 Section 2 Properties of B. Wavelength Mechanical Waves A. Definition: distance between a point on one wave to same point on next wave B. Diagram of long wave C. Diagram of short wave
11 Section 2 Properties of C. Wave speed 1. Formula Mechanical Waves Speed = wavelength x frequency 2. Math skills: Copy from problem from page 506
12 D. Amplitude Section 2 Properties of Mechanical Waves 1. Definition: max displacement of wave from rest position 2. Diagram of high amplitude 3. Diagram of low amplitude
13 Section 3 Properties of A. Reflection Mechanical Waves 1. definition: wave bounces off surface it can t pass through (like the compression wave that reflected back and forth from me to Cameron) Does not change speed or frequency of wave, BUT wave can be flipped upside down!
14 Section 3 Behavior of Waves B. Refraction 1. definition: bending of wave when it passes through a medium 1 side of wave moves more slowly than other
15 Section 3 Behavior of Waves C. Diffraction 1. definition: bending of wave as it moves around something Diffracts more if wavelength is large compared to object in the way
16 Section 3 Behavior of Waves D. Interference 1. definition: 2 or more waves overlap 2. Constructive interference 2 waves combine to make larger wave A. ex: mother pushing child on swing at perfect time B. diagram
17 Section 3 Behavior of Waves D. Interference 3. Destructive interference 2 waves combine to make smaller wave A. ex: mother pushing child on swing at bad time B. diagram
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19 Section 3 Behavior of Waves E. Standing Waves 1. definition: a wave that appears to stay in one place 2. node point that has no displacement 3. antinode point between nodes 4. diagram
20 Section 4 Sound and Hearing A. Properties of Sound Waves 1. speed wave takes time to reach you and depends on medium 342 m/s
21 Section 4 Sound and Hearing A. Properties of Sound Waves 2. Intensity and Loudness A. decibel compares intensity of different sounds (based on powers of 10) Whisper= Rock concert B. loudness physical response to intensity of sound Depends on health of your ears and brain
22 Section 4 Sound and Hearing A. Properties of Sound Waves 3. Frequency and pitch A. pitch: frequency of sound as YOU perceive it High pitch = high frequency
23 Section 4 Sound and Hearing A. Properties of Sound Waves B. Ultrasound 1. definition: sound at frequencies higher than people can hear (humans can hear 20-20,000 Hz) 2. Sonar: technique for determining the distance to an object under water (sound navigation ranging) Measures how long to hear the echo (waves returning)
24 Section 4 Sound and Hearing A. Properties of Sound Waves B. Ultrasound 3. Uses: ultrasound helps doctor diagnose disease
25 Section 4 Sound and Hearing A. Properties of Sound Waves C. Doppler Effect 1. definition: change in frequency of sound caused by motion 2. application: Ambulance moving away! Close = high frequency Far = lower frequency
26 Section 4 Sound and Hearing A. Properties of Sound Waves D. Hearing and the Ear 1. Outer Ear Function gathers and focuses sound into the middle ear that receives and amplifies the vibrations 2. Inner Ear Function uses nerve endings to sense vibration and send signal to brain 3. Diagram
27 Section 4 Sound and Hearing A. Properties of Sound Waves E. Reproducing sound waves Turns sound waves electronic signals Then back again
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