Waves and Sound. (Chapter 25-26)

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1 Waves and Sound (Chapter 25-26) I can de(ine and use the terms period, wavelength, frequency, amplitude, Hertz, crest, trough, transverse, longitudinal, and standing waves.

2 Waves and Sound (Chapter 25-26) A wave is "energy on the move." slinky & cup demo

3 A wave is "energy on the move." In an ocean wave, does the water move forward?

4 A wave is "energy on the move." In an ocean wave, does the water move forward? Waves move up and down! (If all the water moved forward eventually all the ocean would wind up on the beach...)

5 A wave is "energy on the move."

6 A wave is "energy on the move." crest trough

7 A wave is "energy on the move." crest one wavelength trough

8 A wave is "energy on the move." crest one wavelength trough

9 A wave is "energy on the move." crest one wavelength trough amplitude

10 A wave is "energy on the move." crest one wavelength trough amplitude

11 A wave is "energy on the move." crest one wavelength node trough amplitude

12 Wave Vocab: Crest - high points of wave Trough - low points of wave Amplitude - distance from midpoint to crest (or trough) Wavelength (λ) - The distance for the wave to complete on full cycle (crest to crest, etc.) Frequency (f) - number of vibrations per unit of time.

13 Wave Vocab: Crest - high points of wave Trough - low points of wave Amplitude - distance from midpoint to crest (or trough) Wavelength (λ) - The distance for the wave to complete on full cycle (crest to crest, etc.) Frequency (f) - number of vibrations per unit of time. Units - Hertz (Hz) frequency = 1 time period (s) Hertz = s -1

14 Wave Speed The speed of a wave depends on the medium through which it travels. (water, air, rock, etc.)

15 Wave Speed The speed of a wave depends on the medium through which it travels. (water, air, rock, etc.) velocity = λf

16 Wave Speed The speed of a wave depends on the medium through which it travels. (water, air, rock, etc.) velocity = λf If a water wave vibrates up and down two times each second and the distance between wave crests is 1.5 m, what is the frequency of the wave? What is the wavelength? What is the speed?

17 Wave Speed The speed of a wave depends on the medium through which it travels. (water, air, rock, etc.) velocity = λf If a water wave vibrates up and down two times each second and the distance between wave crests is 1.5 m, what is the frequency of the wave? What is the wavelength? What is the speed? f = 1/2 sec = 0.5 Hz λ=1.5 m v = 0.75 m/s

18 Wave Speed * Sounds is a wave--higher frequencies are higher pitches!

19 Frequency, Amplitude, or Wavelength?? a The human ear can detect nearly sound vibrations each second. b The distance between two successive compressions of a sound wave can be about 0.35 metres. c d e f In the 1970s, rock group ʻThe Whoʼ played the loudest ever rock concert. In one second, three water waves passed my boat! The decibel scale can be used to measure loudness. Pavarotti sings with a very low voice.

20 Frequency, Amplitude, or Wavelength?? a The human ear can detect nearly sound vibrations each second. b The distance between two successive compressions of a sound wave can be about 0.35 metres. frequency wavelength c d e f In the 1970s, rock group ʻThe Whoʼ played the loudest ever rock concert. In one second, three water waves passed my boat! The decibel scale can be used to measure loudness. Pavarotti sings with a very low voice. wavelength frequency amplitude amplitude

21 Frequency, Amplitude, or Wavelength?? 1. The frequency of a guitar string is 440 Hz. What does this mean? 2. The vertical distance from the trough of a water wave at sea to its crest is 6.8 m. What is the amplitude of the wave? 3. A boy notices that 450 complete waves travel past him in one and a half minutes. What is the frequency of the source that produces these water waves?

22 Frequency, Amplitude, or Wavelength?? 1. The frequency of a guitar string is 440 Hz. What does this mean? Every second, 440 sound waves are created. The period is seconds. 2. The vertical distance from the trough of a water wave at sea to its crest is 6.8 m. What is the amplitude of the wave? 6.8/2 = 3.4 meters 3. A boy notices that 450 complete waves travel past him in one and a half minutes. What is the frequency of the source that produces these water waves? f = 450 / 90 sec = 5 Hz

23 Types of Waves

24 Types of Waves Transverse Waves - motion is perpendicular to direction of wave oscillation (light, musical strings, radio waves) Longitudinal Waves - motion is parallel to direction of wave oscillation (sound)

25 Interference Grab a partner and go to a computer to do the interference simulation!

26 Interference a. b. c. d.

27

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