Introduction to Waves & Sound
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1 Big Ideas Introduction to Waves & Sound Feb 3 8:43 AM 1
2 What is Periodic Motion periodic motion is.. Apr 1 7:34 AM 2
3 Two Experiments 1. Pendulum 2. Bouncy Weight Apr 1 7:34 AM 3
4 Apr 9 9:04 AM 4
5 Apr 20 12:35 PM 5
6 Characteristics of a Wave Amplitude Period Frequency Apr 9 2:04 PM 6
7 Types of Periodic Motion Transverse Longitudinal Apr 9 2:04 PM 7
8 Waves & Sound Lesson 2&3 The Wave Equation Practice Problem #1: A pendulum is set up to have a horizontal amplitude of 45cm and can move this distance in 2.2 secs. a. What is the period and frequency of this pendulum? b. What total horizontal distance does the pendulum move in 4 cycles? Feb 3 8:43 AM 8
9 Waves & Sound Practice Problem #2 : Write down the following 7 examples of periodic motion in your notes: 1. Swinging pendulum. 2. Sound waves travelling down a clarinet. 3. Vibrating guitar string. 4. The sound produced from the vibrating guitar string. 5. Waves in the ocean. 6. Microwaves (yes the kind used to cook your food). 7. Doing the wave at a football game. Label the above examples of periodic motion as transverse or longitudinal. Answers (T transverse, L Longitudinal) 1. Swinging pendulum. T 2. Sound waves travelling down a clarinet. L 3. Vibrating guitar string. T 4. The sound produced from the vibrating guitar string. L 5. Waves in the ocean. T 6. Microwaves (yes the kind used to cook your food). T 7. Doing the wave at a football game. T Feb 3 8:43 AM 9
10 WAVE MOTION What is a Wave? Definition: A wave is a transfer of energy over a distance in the form of a disturbance. Most waves originate from a vibrating source. Mechanical Waves : require a physical medium to travel through examples : waves on a slinky, sound waves Apr 1 7:34 AM 10
11 Wave Pulse A wave pulse is created by one half oscillation of the source (for example an upwards pulse on a slinky) Apr 14 7:49 PM 11
12 Periodic WAVES Periodic waves originate from periodic vibrations (oscillations). Apr 14 7:49 PM 12
13 Transverse vs Longitudinal Wave see pages 205, 206 in your text book Apr 14 8:27 PM 13
14 Wave Propagation (i.e. how fast does a wave travel?) Apr 14 8:41 PM 14
15 Universal Wave Equation Factors affecting the speed of wave The speed of a waves is NOT affected by: The frequency of vibration The amplitude of vibration The only factor affecting the speed of a wave is the medium transmitting the wave (i.e. the properties of the slinky or the properties of air for sound waves). Apr 9 10:06 PM 15
16 Practice Problems 1. A ruby throated hummingbird beats its wings at a rate of about 70 wing beats per second. a. What is the frequency in Hertz of the sound wave? b. Assuming the sound wave moves with a velocity of 350 m/s, what is the wavelength of the wave? Apr 15 12:45 PM 16
17 Practice Problems 2. A large crest of water requires 8 seconds to travel from a fishing boat to the pier which is 20m away. While sitting on the boat, the fishermen notice that 15 crests pass the boat in 24 seconds. What is the wavelength of the waves? Apr 15 12:45 PM 17
18 Homework Review :Page 211 #2 8 #4 #8 Apr 1 7:34 AM 18
19 Day 5 Waves Summary Notes.notebook Practice Problem A speaker has a woofer with diameter of 55cm and a tweeter with diameter of 4 cm. What is the frequency of the sounds that have wavelengths equal to these diameters if the speed of sound is 344 m/s? Apr 19 10:19 AM 19
20 From a fixed end reflected pulse is inverted Reflections From a free (or loose end) reflected pulse is not inverted Other Examples Apr 14 7:49 PM 20
21 Apr 19 10:22 AM 21
22 Apr 19 10:22 AM 22
23 Constructive Interference Destructive Interference Apr 14 7:49 PM 23
24 Interference Practice determine which waves add up to waves #1, 2, 3 or 4. Apr 21 7:34 PM 24
25 Answers Apr 21 7:34 PM 25
26 Warm Up A sound wave is travelling at 344 m/s and has a frequency of 2,000 Hz. The sound wave travels across a canyon 0.5km wide and bounces back (i.e. echoes). a. what is the wavelength of the sound wave? b. how long does it take for the echo to return to it's starting point? Apr 23 11:12 AM 26
27 Interference Practice Apr 21 7:43 PM 27
28 Reflections wave pulses What happens if a periodic wave reflects off a surface? resources: Phet Website Justin S. Flash Video File Apr 14 7:49 PM 28
29 Standing Waves Apr 21 7:43 PM 29
30 Standing Transverse Waves (i.e. slinky, string) Apr 21 8:03 PM 30
31 Standing Waves Apr 21 8:01 PM 31
32 Necessary Conditions for Standing Waves Wavelength and Frequency must be the same for the interfering waves. The length of the medium (rope, slinky) etc must be integer half lengths of the wavelength (assuming both ends are fixed). Apr 21 8:05 PM 32
33 practice The distance between the 4 th and 7 th nodes in a standing wave is 28cm. What is the wavelength of the waves? What is the speed of the waves if the source has a frequency of 16Hz? Apr 21 8:19 PM 33
34 Textbook Practice Problems Page 198 #1 7 page 211 #2 8 Page 222 #1,2 Page 229 #1 3 (#1 answer is wrong in book should be 4.75cm) Feb 3 8:43 AM 34
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