Positive Degree Adjectives. 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

Transcription

1 Positive Degree Adjectives 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives fidus fida fidum - faithful miser misera miserum - poor, wretched pulcher pulchra pulchrum - beautiful 3rd Declension Adjectives acer acris acre - sharp, fierce brevis breve - short potens potentis - powerful (three termination) (two termination) (one termination)

2 Comparative Degree Adjectives English = more adjective, -er, rather English Positive Degree: short English Comparative Degree: shorter, more short, rather short, too short Latin = Positive Degree Stem + ior (mas. & fem) ius (neu.) genitive: ioris All Latin Comparative Degree Adjectives are declined as two termination third declension adjectives with regular third declension endings (not i stem endings).

3 Positive Degree fidus fida fidum faithful Comparative Degree fidior fidius more faithful Mas. & Fem. Neu. Nom. fidior fidius Gen. fidioris fidioris Dat. fidiori fidiori Acc. fidiorem fidius Abl. fidiore fidiore Nom. fidiores fidiora Gen. fidiorum fidiorum Dat. fidioribus fidioribus Acc. fidiores fidiora Abl. fidioribus fidioribus more faithful

4 Positive Degree brevis breve short Comparative Degree brevior brevius shorter Mas. & Fem. Neu. Nom. brevior brevius Gen. brevioris brevioris Dat. breviori breviori Acc. breviorem brevius Abl. breviore breviore Nom. breviores breviora Gen. breviorum breviorum Dat. brevioribus brevioribus Acc. breviores breviora Abl. brevioribus brevioribus shorter

5 Superlative Degree Adjectives (Page 17) English = most adjective, -est, very English Positive Degree: short English Comparative Degree: shorter, more short, rather short English Superlative Degree: shortest, most short, very short Latin = 1. Positive Degree Stem + issimus issima issimum 2. ( -er Adjectives) Nom. Mas. Sing. + rimus rima rimum 3. (six Adjectives) Positive Degree Stem + limus lima limum All Latin Superlative Degree Adjectives are declined as first and second declension adjectives.

6 Positive Degree brevis breve short Comparative Degree brevior brevius shorter Superlative Degree brevissimus brevissima brevissimum shortest Mas. Fem. Neu. Nom. brevissimus brevissima brevissimum Gen. brevissimi brevissimae brevissimi Dat. brevissimo brevissimae brevissimo Acc. brevissimum brevissimam brevissimum Abl. brevissimo brevissima brevissimo Nom. brevissimi brevissimae brevissima Gen. brevissimorum brevissimarum brevissimorum Dat. brevissimis brevissimis brevissimis Acc. brevissimos brevissimas brevissima Abl. brevissimis brevissimis brevissimis shortest

7 Positive Degree (-er word) acer acris acre sharp Comparative Degree acrior acrius sharper Superlative Degree acerrimus acerrima acerrimum sharpest Mas. Fem. Neu. Nom. acerrimus acerrima acerrimum Gen. acerrimi acerrimae acerrimi Dat. acerrimo acerrimae acerrimo Acc. acerrimum acerrimam acerrimum Abl. acerrimo acerrima acerrimo Nom. acerrimi acerrimae acerrima Gen. acerrimorum acerrimarum acerrimorum Dat. acerrimis acerrimis acerrimis Acc. acerrimos acerrimas acerrima Abl. acerrimis acerrimis acerrimis sharpest

8 The six Latin Adjectives that use limus lima limum to form the Superlative Degree. similis simile dissimilis dissimile facilis facile difficilis difficile humilis humile gracilis gracile similar, like dissimilar easy difficult, hard low slender In the Positive Degree these words are third declension two termination adjectives.

9 Positive Degree (six adjectives) similis simile similar Comparative Degree similior similius more similar Superlative Degree simillimus simillima simillimum most similar Mas. Fem. Neu. Nom. simillimus simillima simillimum Gen. simillimi simillimae simillimi Dat. simillimo simillimae simillimo Acc. simillimum simillimam simillimum Abl. simillimo simillima simillimo Nom. simillimi simillimae simillima Gen. simillimorum simillimarum simillimorum Dat. simillimis simillimis simillimis Acc. simillimos simillimas simillima Abl. simillimis simillimis simillimis most similar

10 Comparison with the Comparative Degree 1. Comparison with quam (conjunction = than) In English we use the adverb than in comparisons; and the two persons, places, or things being compared are in the same case. The same rule is true in Latin with the adverb quam (than). Honor mihi carior est quam vita. Honor is dearer to me than life. 2. Ablative of Comparison In Latin quam is sometimes omitted. The word being compared, which follows than in English, is placed in the ablative case in Latin. This use is called the Ablative of Comparison. This ablative may be used only when the persons, places, or things being compared would be in the nominative or accusative case if quam were used. Honor mihi carior est vita. Honor is dearer to me than life.