DRIVING RESISTANCE FACTOR CALCULATING METHOD FOR PARALLEL-SERIAL HEV

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 4, DECEMBER 0 DRIVING RESISTANCE FACTOR CALCULATING METHOD FOR PARALLEL-SERIAL HEV Hailong Guo, *, Lifu Li,3. Collg of Mchanical an Automotiv Enginring South China Univrsity of Tchnology Guangzhou 50640, China. Guangong Communication Polytchnic Guangzhou 50650, China 3. Stat Ky Laboratory of Mchanical Transmission, Chongqing Univrsity Chongqing , China s: aaalong_00@sina.com Submitt: Aug.8, 0 Accpt: Oct.4, 0 Publish: Dc., 0 Abstract- HEV s nrgy control stratgy cannot b rgulat prfctly accoring to th variabl orking conition, bcaus th riving rsistanc is ifficult to masur an calculat uring th riving procss. By taking paralll-srial HEV hich por coupling mchanism is plant-gar as rsarch objct, analyz plant-gar por coupling mchanism s ynamics charactristic an fficincy charactristic, put forar riving rsistanc factor s concpt an masur-calculating mthos. Th factor can b us to valuat HEV s riving rsistanc unr iffrnt loa an roa 973

2 Hailong Guo an Lifu Li, Driving Rsistanc Factor Calculating Mtho for Paralll-Srial HEV graint conition. Th xprimnt rsults sho that th maximum rlativ rror of riving rsistanc factor s avrag valu btn thory calculating an xprimnt tsting is 6.36%, hich is foun in th larg riving rsistanc orking conition that th vhicl loa is 305 kg, th roa graint is Inx trms: Hybri lctric vhicl, plant gar, riving rsistanc factor, calculating mtho. I. INTRODUCTION Whn HEV rivs in th iffrnt orking conition unr iffrnt loa an roa graint, riving rsistanc ill b a grat iffrnc. If th riving rsistanc gts larg, Por train must incras th por out-put to mt HEV s rquir ynamic charactristic, hich ill invitably la to th incras of HEV nrgy consumption. So HEV s nrgy control stratgy shoul b abl to chang ith riving rsistanc to mak appropriat ajustmnts. An thn, mak HEV s ful conomy an ynamic charactristics into a bttr balanc. Bcaus HEV s riving ral-tim rsistanc is har to masur an stimat uring th riving procss, th currnt nrgy control stratgis hav not consir th ral-tim travl rsistanc s ffct on control stratgy[]-[9]. Thrfor, put forar th concpt of "riving rsistanc factor" an its masuring mtho. Th inx mans that in HEV s actual riving cours, th ratio of th iffrnc btn Ral-tim traffic riving rsistanc an bnchmarks roa conition(flat roa, 60 kg loa) riving rsistanc an th sum btn HEV srvicing quality an bnchmarks loa quality (60 kg).so th inx can b us to comprhnsiv valuation of HEV ral-tim travl rsistanc magnitu, an to provi th basis for ynamic ajustmnt of HEV nrgy control stratgy. II. THE STRUCTURE AND PARAMETERS OF PARALLEL-SERIES HEV S POWER COUPLING MECHANISM Put a typical paralll-sris typ hybri lctric vhicl as th rsarch objct, th por coupling mchanism is plantary gar systm, as shon in Fig. Th gnrator M is connct to th sun roun of plantary gar systm, th ngin is connct to th plant carrir, an th motor M is connct to th ring gar. Th final por output componnt of th coupling mchanism is th 974

3 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 4, DECEMBER 0 ring gar. Th por ill transfr furthr to HEV s riving hls through ring gar, chain, gars, main rucr, iffrntial an axl shaft gar..motor M,.Ring gar of plantary gar, 3.Plant carrir, 4.Sun gar, 5. Activ gar of transmission chain, 6. Drivn hl of transmission chain, 7. Gnrator M, 8. Engin, 9.Activ gar of intrmiat shaft, 0.Drivn gar of intrmiat shaft,.activ gar of main rucr,.drivn gar of main rucr, 3.Diffrntial 4. Axl shaft, 5. Driving hl. Figur. Portrain structur of plantary gar typ paralll-sris HEV Th primary paramtrs of HEV an por coupling mchanism ar shon in Tabl. Tabl : Main paramtrs of plantary gar paralll-sris HEV Paramtr Z Z Z c m n m t n t Valu Paramtr p Z lz Z lc Z zz Z zc Z z Z c m z /kg Valu Paramtr m l /kg m b /kg b f C D A / m r /m Valu 60,85, Paramtr r r /m l z u Valu f m 975

4 Hailong Guo an Lifu Li, Driving Rsistanc Factor Calculating Mtho for Paralll-Srial HEV Z, Z, Z c Tooth numbr of sun gar, ring gar an plantary gar, hlix angl of plantary gar mchanism, m n, m t Normal an transvrs moul of plantary gar mchanism, n, t Normal an transvrs prssur angl of plantary gar mchanism, p Charactristic paramtrs of plantary gar mchanism, Z lz, Z lc Tooth numbr of activ sprockt an rivn sprockt, Z zz, Z zc Tooth numbr of intrmiat shaft activ gar an rivn gar, Z z, Z c Tooth numbr of main rucr activ gar an rivn gar, m z Vhicl quipmnt mass, m l Vhicl loa mass, m b HEV Bnchmark loa mass, b HEV Bnchmark roa slop, f Cofficint of rolling rsistanc, C D Cofficint of air rsistanc, A Frontal ara, Mass convrsion cofficint, r Whls fr raius, r r Whl rolling raius, l, z,, u Transmission fficincy of transmission chain, intrmiat shaf, main rucr an axl shaft, f m Mshing friction factors. III. THE MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE OF DRIVING RESISTANCE FACTOR As stat abov, th maning of riving rsistanc factor DRF is that in th actual cours of HEV riving, th ratio btn th iffrnc of ral-tim roa riving rsistanc R an bnchmark roa riving rsistanc R an th sum of vhicl quipmnt mass b s m z an bnchmark loa mass m b,hich can b calculat by quation()-(7). Th bnchmark riving conition is fin as roa slop is 0, an loa mass is 60kg, in sp is 0m/s. Th ral-tim riving rsistanc of that conition is consir as bnchmark roa riving rsistanc R. D RF R R b s b () mz mb CD A u Rb ( mb mz ) gf cos b ua ( mb mz ) g sin b ( mb mz ) ().5 t M Rs (3) rr 976

5 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 4, DECEMBER 0 M Tr i0 0 (4) i 0 Z Z c z Z Z zc zz Z Z lc lz (5) 0 l z u (6) T T (7) r T m In th quation()-(7), u is vhicl sp( km/ h ), u is vhicl sp( m/ s )(Othr riving a quation paramtrs rfr to th litratur), M is th hl riv torqu( N m ), Tr is riving rsistanc torqu of th ring gar( N m ), i 0 is transmission ratio from transmission chain to th hls, 0 is transmission fficincy from transmission chain to th hls, T is th torqu act on th ring gar by ngin an gnrator M( N m ), Tm is th torqu act on th ring gar by motor M(th output torqu of motor M)( N m ). In orr to calculation T of quation (7), it is n to carry out kinmatics an ynamics analysis on por coupling mchanism. IV. KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF PLANET-GEAR POWER COUPLING MECHANISM a. Kinmatics analysis of th por coupling mchanism Accoring to th thory of mchanics, from th plant-gar por coupling mchanism as shon in fig, th transmission ratio of th plant-gar can b calculat by quation(8) an (9): Z i p, (8) Z i i p, (9) 977

6 Hailong Guo an Lifu Li, Driving Rsistanc Factor Calculating Mtho for Paralll-Srial HEV In th quation, cornr mark rprsnt th sun gar(also man th gnrator M), rprsnt th ring gar, rprsnt th plant carrir(also man th ngin), th tooth numbr ratio btn th ring gar an th sun gar is fin as a charactristic paramtr p of th plantgar mchanism, i is th ratio btn th rlativ angular vlocity btn sun gar an plant carrir an th rlativ angular vlocity btn ring gar an plant carrir, analogy, is rotational sp ( rpm ). i is From th thory of machins, sps btn sun gar, ring gar an plant carrir in plant gar mchanism has th folloing rlationship[0]: Namly: i i (0) p ( p) 0 () It is clar that, hn th charactristic paramtr of th plant-gar mchanism p is trmin, this mchanism has gr of from, that mans can b figur out through an. From this HEV por coupling mchanism, th sp of sun gar is qual to gnrator M, th sp of ring gar is qual to motor M, th sp of plant carrir is qual to ngin. From th sp rlations of plant-gar mchanism, th ynamics analysis of th por coupling mchanism can b carri out. b. Dynamics analysis of th por coupling mchanism () Dynamics analysis of plant-gar mchanism From th mchanical transmission por balanc principl, th input an output por rlation of plant-gar mchanism can b acquir[]: P A P B 0 () In th quation: P A is th input por (kw) of th riving part, P B is th output por (kw) of th rivn part, is mchanical transmission fficincy. During th opration of th plant-gar mchanism, anyon of th thr componnt is possibl to b riving part or rivn part. With iffrnt riving-rivn rlation an iffrnt sp rlation, plant-gar s por balanc quation an fficincy quation ar iffrnt. Hr carry 978

7 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 4, DECEMBER 0 through th rivation in th folloing conition: 0, ngin is riving componnt, gnrator M an ring gar is rivn componnt. From th por balanc quation (), can gt: ( ) T T T 0 (3) In orr to ork out th torqu rlation btn sun gar an plant carrir, tak itm as a transform itm, so hav th folloing quation: Furthr rivation: T T 0 (4) ( ) T T () () i () (5) p In th quation: T is torqu in th sun gar, also man gnrator torqu( N. m ), T is torqu in th plant carrir, also man ngin torqu( N. m ), () is fficincy of th plantary gar systm hn ngin is riving part an gnrator an ring gar is rivn part, rpm ) of sun gar rlativ to ring gar,, an has th similar maning. is angular vlocity( In orr to ork out th torqu rlation btn ngin an ring gar, tak itm as a transform itm, so hav th folloing quation: Furthr rivation: T T 0 (6) ( ) T T p () () i () (7) p From quation (7), can figur out th torqu T that ngin an gnrator act on ring gar. Th fficincy of th plantary gar mchanism can b figur out through th folloing quation [0] : ( ) 0.98 (8) ( ) p In th quation: is transmission loss cofficint of plant-gar. () Calculation of transmission loss cofficint of plant-gar 979

8 Hailong Guo an Lifu Li, Driving Rsistanc Factor Calculating Mtho for Paralll-Srial HEV Th transmission loss cofficint of plant-gar in quation (8) can us quation(9) to figur out: m n m m n (9) In th quation: is mshing loss cofficint, is baring loss cofficint, m n m is mshing loss btn sun gar an plant carrir in th transform mchanism, m is mshing loss btn ring gar an plant gar in th transform mchanism. Bcaus th loss caus by baring friction has alray bn calculat in th calculation of th ovrall fficincy of plant-gar, so just consir th mshing loss cofficint, so: In th quation: m m m c f m( )( ) (0) Z Z c c f c m( )( ) Z Z () c c f is mshing friction factors,,, c is th sction transvrs contact ratio calculat by th lngth of th anum lin of action of sun gar,ring gar an plant gar c, Z (tant tan ') Z ( tant tan ') c Zc (tan tc tan ') In th quation: t, t, tc is th anum circl prssur angl of sun gar,ring gar an plant gar c, ' is mshing angl(g) of gars, b at arccos, a at arccos b a, an () (3) (4) bc atc arccos (5a, b, c) ac In th quation: a, b is anum circl iamtr an bas circl iamtr(mm) of sun gar, a, b is anum circl iamtr an bas circl iamtr(mm) of ring gar, ac anum circl iamtr an bas circl iamtr(mm) of plant gar c. (3) Calculation of transmission loss cofficint of plant-gar bc is In orr to figur out th gar paramtrs in quation (5a, b, c), n to calculat th componnt siz of plant-gar. From th corrct mshing conition of hlical plant-gar 980

9 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 4, DECEMBER 0 mchanism, th normal moul an normal prssur angl of sun gar, ring gar an plant gar ar qual. As ll as th hlical angl of intrnal gar pair is qual an th hlical angl of xtrnal gar pair is opposit numbr. Thus th gomtry siz paramtrs of ach componnt of plant-gar ar as follo, hr prsnts pitch iamtr, h a rprsnts hight of anum, a rprsnts anum circl iamtr, For sun gar : b rprsnts bas circl iamtr: mt Z (6) h m.5 (7) a n For ring gar : h (8) a a cos (9) b t mt Z.34 (30) h m.5 (3) a n h 8.34 (3) a a For plant gar c: cos (33) b t m Z (34) c t c h m.5 (35) a n h (36) ac c a cos (37) bc c Using th conclusion in IV.a an IV.b about kinmatics an ynamics analysis of plant-gar por coupling mchanism, can figur out th torqu T act on ring gar causing by ngin an gnrator M. Th spcific procss is shon in Fig. Th sp of gnrator M an lctromotor M can b masur irctly by th motor sp snsor. From this, can figur out th actual output sp of ngin accoring to quation (). Th output torqu of gnrator M also can figur out by its por balanc rlation of voltag, currnt, sp an torqu. By using th sp rlation of gnrator M, lctromotor M an ngin an th torqu of gnrator M, can jug th riving an rivn rlation of plant-gar mchanism. Thn accoring to t 98

10 Hailong Guo an Lifu Li, Driving Rsistanc Factor Calculating Mtho for Paralll-Srial HEV quation (5) to figur out th actual output torqu of ngin, an thn accoring to quation(7) to figur out torqu T. Figur. Th computational procur of th torqu act on ring gar causing by ngin an gnrator M Abov analyz th plant-gar mchanism in th conition of 0, an ngin is riving componnt, gnrator M an ring gar is rivn componnt. Th othr conition is analogy. V. EXPERIMENT TESTING AND RESULTS ANALYSIS In orr to vrify th valiity of HEV s riving rsistanc factor s stimation algorithm, th vhicl tst is carri out, Using a spcial ata flo tst quipmnt Intllignt Tstr-Ⅱ (avrag sampling tim is 35.5ms) to collct th ata of tst vhicl riving procsss, An using spcial ata procssing softar Intllignt Vir an notbook computr to analyz ata. Th roa graint is masur ith a graint tst atr lvlr an a tap masur, tst photos ar shon in Figur 3. 98

11 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 4, DECEMBER 0 Figur 3. Th ral vhicl tst photos During th xprimnt, six kins of typical orking conition ar masur by changing th HEV loa an tst roa graint, ach conition corrspons to th loa an roa graint as shon in Tabl. Tabl : Exprimnt tsting conition HEV loa Roa graint /g /kg Tst conition ( bnchmark conition) Working conition 4 85/kg Working conition Working conition 5 305/kg Working conition 3 Working conition 6 Figurs 4 is tsting sp curv unr six kins of tst conition, Figurs 5 is riving rsistanc factor curv unr six kins of tst conition. From orking conition, an 3 in figur 4, it can b shon that HEV s sp is approximatly linar, an vhicl acclration chang littl uring th tst, but th curvatur of HEV's sp curv an th vhicl acclration amplitu chang gratly unr orking conition 4, 5 an 6. Th rason is 4, 5 an 6 conition s larg roa graint. Th r ott lin in Figur 5 rprsnts th thory calculating valu of riving rsistanc factor unr th knon vhicl loa an roa graint orking conition, hil th blu lin rprsnts th mol calculating valu of riving rsistanc factor by using ral vhicl tst ata. By comparing th to lins, it can b foun that th calculat riving rsistanc factor valu is fluctuant bcaus of tst ata s rror, but th fluctuations ar aroun th thory calculating valu. 983

12 Hailong Guo an Lifu Li, Driving Rsistanc Factor Calculating Mtho for Paralll-Srial HEV Figur 4. Vhicl sp of iffrnt tst conition To furthr compar th rror btn thory calculating valu an xprimnt tsting valu, an valuating th valiity of riving rsistanc factor s stimation mthos, th D RF inx s avrag valu of thory calculating an xprimnt tsting ar calculat an compar ith ach othr unr six kins of tst conition. Th rsults ar shon in Figur 6, it can b foun that th maximum rlativ rror btn th to valu is 6.36% hich unr orking conition 6, Thus, Paralll-srial HEV's riving rsistanc factor stimation mthos is fasibl. Figur 5. Driving rsistanc factor unr iffrnt tst conition 984

13 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 4, DECEMBER 0 Figur 6. Comparison of thory calculating avrag valu an xprimnt tsting avrag valu VI. CONCLUSION Th varity of roa conition an loa can caus HEV s riving rsistanc chang uring th HEV riving procss, hich la to HEV s nrgy control stratgy cannot b rgulat prfctly accoring to th variabl orking conition. In orr to ovrcom th problm, th articl analyz th structur an paramtrs of HEV ith plant-gar por coupling mchanism, By using th ynamic mol an fficincy mol of plant-gar mchanism, th articl also riv riving rsistanc factor's calculating mthos an vrify it by th vhicl tst. Th xprimnt rsults sho that th mthos can b us to valuat HEV s riving rsistanc unr riving procss, So as to provi vinc for nxt stp carrying out HEV nrgy control stratgy bas on th riving rsistanc factor. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This papr is support by Stat Ky Laboratory of Mchanical Transmission, Chongqing Univrsity (L0080). REFERENCES [] Joonyoung Park, Jonghan Oh, Youngkug Park, Optimal Por Distribution Stratgy for Sris-Paralll Hybri Elctric Vhicls, IFOST006, pp

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