Drawing A. Ocean-based Algae Production System Schematic Front View of photo-bioreactor component. Ocean Surface. Robert Tulip, July 2009

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1 Ocean-based lgae Production System Schematic ront View of photo-bioreactor component rawing N Ocean Surface K L J I M Robert Tulip, July The lgae Production System is a photo-bioreactor floating in the ocean, made primarily of polymer fabrics and enclosed contents. 2. lgae production chamber shown at and is a continuous chamber floating at ocean surface. () indicates points of addition of inputs and () indicates output point for algated content. 3. Lower chamber () contains gas (eg air or O2) which passes through one way valves (four vertical arrows (J) through polymer layer (I) into algae chamber and. 4. Polymer bag () contains fresh water, surrounding algae production chamber -, and connected to submarine bags and as shown at separate schematic drawing of top view. 5. Liquid source (K) and gas source (N) are pumped through inlet pipes (L) and (M) into submarine pumping chambers () and (). 6. Rise and fall of bag with wave causes chambers and to expand and contract, pumping liquid from bag into chamber and gas from bag into chamber. 7. Rigid base container extends beneath and connects all bags and, such that wave energy transmitted from bag expands and compresses bags and to provide pumping pressure rather than causing bags and to rise and fall with the swell or expand and shrink horizontally. 8. arrier I between chambers and - is reflective and insulated to maximise retention of sunlight and heat entering through transparent polymer layer () into upper chamber and. 9. Volume of gas in chamber can be increased or decreased to regulate depth of entire system. When chamber is full the system will float high, and when empty it will sink lower.

2 Ocean-based lgae Production System: Schematic Side View of photo-bioreactor component rawing ut-away view as as Liquid Liquid Liquid 1. Partial side view of system for algae production at sea, combining nutrient-rich deep sea water () with air () at the ocean surface between polymer sheets (). 2. Tubes full of fresh water () at either side of the sheet provide buoyancy, control and pumping energy. 3. Wave-powered pump bags (/) are located beneath the lateral waterbags () for constant intake of nutrient rich water and air and/or system propulsion, with inlet valve open on rising swell and outlet valve open on falling swell. 4. ir layer () beneath algae layer () is used for aeration and for depth regulation, enabling entire system to submerge in rough weather. 5. Valves (shown by arrows) from air layer to algae production layer () enable aeration of algae. 6. ags and are connected to rigid submarine board () which causes bag / to expand on rising swell and to contract on falling swell. Robert Tulip, July 2009

3 Ocean-based lgae Production System Schematic Top View of photo-bioreactor component rawing : Polymer bag containing O2, fresh water or ocean water with high nutrient level : ontinuous flow algae photo-bioreactor chamber with arrows showing direction of liquid flow : Polymer bag containing fresh water for buoyancy, pumping and stability : Polymer bag containing algated water output from chamber () : Submarine chamber pumping water from source () into chamber (). (Note, chamber can be replaced by a tidal pump as described in separate drawing). : Submarine chamber pumping air or O2 into chamber below chamber as shown at side and front views : Rigid submarine platform at base of chambers and providing pumping resistance. : Return pipe transferring algated water to mix with nutrient-rich water from bag (). Robert Tulip, July 2009

4 Ocean Ocean-based lgae Production System: Tidal Water Pump omponent Tidal range igh Tide Low Tide Ocean loor rawing Robert Tulip 1. The tidal water pump is a pumping system made of two connected upper and lower fabric bags containing liquid and tethered in position on the ocean floor or flat platform. 2. Upper fabric bag () contains constant volume of liquid floating at constant depth from ocean surface, for example fresh water sitting at ocean surface or brackish water at constant ocean depth eg 180 metres. 3. Lower fabric bag () is a pumping inlet-outlet chamber. 4. mooring point () on the ocean floor tethers the pumping system in place. 5. uring rising tide, bag rises with the tide, causing liquid to enter bag through inlet valve from pipe. 6. uring falling tide, upper bag falls with the tide, placing weight and pressure on lower bag and causing liquid to leave lower bag through outlet valve into pipe. 7. ag is enclosed by and connected to barrier () to prevent horizontal expansion or contraction of bag and enable pressure from bag to transmit pumping energy via bag to pipes and. 8. The inlet and outlet pipes and connect to fresh water dam, deep ocean water, waterbag, algae bioreactor or other liquid source or destination. 9. loating polymer bag () can mix output with O2 or air to enable flotation for towing to algae bioreactor. 10. Triple layer polymer sheet () over surface of bag () at ocean surface separates input salt water into fresh water and brine (separate drawing attached).

5 Ocean-based lgae Production System: : esalting omponent rawing 1. polymer fabric apparatus floating on the ocean surface, designed to remove salt from ocean water using solar energy. 2. Ocean water is pumped through inlet pipe into polymer chamber. eat from the sun causes evaporation into chamber, with resulting fresh water collected in outlet pipe. rine residue from hamber returns to the ocean through outlet pipe. 3. hamber, below hamber, is filled with fresh water such that chamber floats on the ocean surface. 4. The polymer barrier between hambers and is reflective and insulated to maximise retention of solar heat in hamber. 5. The polymer barrier between hambers and is transparent, and contains valves (shown by arrows) or other mechanism to allow evaporation from hamber to rise into hamber Robert Tulip, July 2009

6 Ocean-based lgae Production System: Schematic iagram of Liquid oncentration pparatus Ocean Surface rawing R : Polymer bag filled with liquid : Upper pulley, connected by vertical winch rope (R) to lower pulley at depth of available ocean, able to sink bag to base of rope. : Lower pulley at base of winch : Rising bag near base of winch : ompressed air container and air balloon contained within full bag : Membrane allowing passage of water (parallel arrows) from bag to ocean, but not allowing passage of other contained materials. : Rising bag showing expanding air balloon () forcing water through membrane () and de-watering bag contents ().. ag on reaching ocean surface has de-watered contents of () by expansion of balloon () expelling water through membrane (). Robert Tulip July 2009 eep Ocean

7 Ocean-based lgae Production System: Schematic iagram of lgae Oil xtraction pparatus Ocean Surface R R I rawing : Polymer bag containing de-watered algae : upper pulley, connected by vertical winch rope (R) to lower pulley () at depth of available ocean, able to sink bag () to base of winch : Lower pulley at base of winch : Rising bag near base of winch : ompressed air container and air balloon contained within bag (), joining bag to rope : Membrane allowing passage of oil (parallel arrows) from bag to external bag, but not allowing passage of other contained materials. eep Ocean : xternal bag holding produced oil : Rising bag showing expanding air balloon () forcing oil through membrane () and into oil container (). I. ag on reaching ocean surface has compressed residue of () by expansion of balloon () expelling oil through membrane () to extract oil (). Robert Tulip July 2009

8 Ocean-based lgae Production System: Schematic iagram of omponent for using wave energy for pumping and propulsion rawing Robert Tulip, July 2009