Refrigerated and Room Temperature Storage Stability of Urine Osmolality Measurements

Transcription

1 SCIENTIFIC WHITEPAPER Refrgeraed and Roo Teperaure Sorage Saby of Urne Osoay Measureens Andrea Curra. Advanced Insruens, Inc., Norwood, MA Page 1

2 ABSTRACT Ths sudy was conduced o quanfy he effecs of sorage eperaure, duraon, and sape reaen on urne osoay easureens. Urne osoay, a easure of urne concenraon, s used o hep evauae he body s waer baance. I s ypcay onored o evauae rena funcon, poyura and ogura. Ths sudy was conduced o quanfy he effecs of sorage eperaure, duraon, and sape reaen on urne osoay easureens. Tweny dfferen huan urne sapes, ncudng 10 feae and 10 ae, were coeced whou preservaves usng he cean cach urne coecon procedure. Each of he 20 sapes was dvded no 2 aquo ypes, one for nea esng and one cenrfuged a 3000 rp for 10 nues for supernaan esng, and sored a roo (22 C) or refrgeraed (4 C) eperaure un e of es. A sapes were esed for osoay n rpcae usng he Advanced 3250 Snge-Sape Osoeer; he na readngs were consdered he basene, hour zero readngs. A urne sapes a each eperaure were esed a 4, 24 and 48 hour e nervas. The sape ean was cacuaed, renderng 80 daa pons for he hour 4, 24, and 48 e pons. Percen bas for roo eperaure and refrgeraed urne sapes a deayed e pons were cacuaed. Basene, hour zero osoay for supernaan urne sapes ranged fro Os/kg H 2 O, and fro Os/kg H 2 O for nea urne sapes. For nea and supernaan sapes sored a boh roo and refrgeraed eperaures, 1 ou of 80 sapes esed a hour 4 had a percen bas of > 0.5%; 5 ou of 80 sapes esed a hour 24 had a percen bas of > 0.5%; and 20 ou of 80 sapes a hour 48 had a percen bas of > 0.5%. Sandard pracce ndcaes ha specens shoud be esed as soon as possbe, or refrgeraed whn 4 hours and esed whn 24 hours of coecon o oban accurae osoay easureens. Ths daa deonsraes sabe urne osoay resus for boh supernaan and nea sapes a eher roo or refrgeraed eperaure fro basene up o 24 hours. No apprecabe dfference beween nea and supernaan sapes was observed.

3 INTRODUCTION Prncpe of osoay Osoay, expressed n uns of osoes of soue per kogra of soven (or, ore coony, osoes per kogra) corresponds o he osoc pressure of a souon. I rees ony on he oa nuber of he soues n a souon and no on soue sze or ype. Because osoay depends on oa concenraon and no on ass concenraon, s a usefu deernaon of oa soue concenraon n boogca souons such as urne, whoe bood, seru, and pasa 1. Cnca Sgnfcance of Urne Osoay The osoay of a souon pays a key roe n nraceuar and exraceuar voue and oncy. Snce hs hoeosass can be affeced by any posons, edcaons and dseases, osoay easureens can be an poran dagnosc oo. 2 Osoay esng s conduced on a urne sape coeced frs hng n he ornng, upe ed sapes, or on a cuuave sape coeced over a 24-hour perod. Kdneys ha are funconng noray w excree waer n reaon o he aoun consued. Heahy kdneys shoud be abe o concenrae urne o an osoay 4 es ha of seru, as we as be abe o due o an osoay ¼ ha of seru osoay. Those wh fang kdneys ay no be abe o concenrae urne. Soues w equbrae by passve dffuson n he rena ubues and he osoay w be he sae as pasa, approxaey 290 Os/Kg 3. Unke urne osoay, specfc gravy s affeced by boh he nuber and sze of parces n souon. Large oecues ke gucose, proens and foregn subsances such as dyes, ehano, ehano, sopropy acoho, aceone and ehyene gyco can nvadae urnary specfc gravy resus. Therefore, urne osoay s a ore accurae easureen for evauang he aby of he kdneys o concenrae or due he urne. In addon, cncans ofen copare urne and seru osoay easureens n paens o oban a ore accurae assessen of fud hoeosass. Urne osoay s a usefu oo n denfyng sodu baance, and evauang rena funcon, poyura, and ogura. Condons ha ay ead o ncreased urne osoay are dehydraon, syndroe of napproprae ADH secreons (SIADH), adrena nsuffcency, gycosura, hypernarea, and a hgh proen de. Condons ha ay ead o decreased urne osoay are dabees nspdus, excess fud nake, acue rena nsuffcency, and goeruonephrs 3,4. Rando urne osoay specens can range fro 50 o 1400 Os/kg H 2 O, wh an average range of 500 o 800 Os/kg H 2 O. Urne osoay shoud be a eas 3 es he seru osoay foowng an overngh fas. Afer resrced fud nake, he urne osoay shoud be >850 Os/kg H 2 O 3. Facors ha ay affec he accuracy of urne osoay resus ncude es ehod, specen coecon, and sorage eperaure and duraon 1,5,6. Urne osoay s a usefu oo n denfyng sodu baance, and evauang rena funcon, poyura, and ogura. Page 3

4 Obanng Specens for Osoay Tesng To reduce sgnfcan pac on anayca es resus, specen coecon and handng shoud be conssen 7. For hs reason, sandard operang procedures for urne coecon were foowed. Urne was coeced n sere specen coecon conaners by vouneers who foowed he Cean Cach Urne Coecon Procedure 8. Enough urne was coeced o es 3 repcaes each of refrgeraed and roo eperaure sapes, boh supernaan and nea. Ahough parcuae aer does no affec he osoay resus, s possbe ha coud cause freeze errors or errac resus fro he osoeer. Soe urne sapes ay requre cenrfugaon o reove gross parcuae aer fro he urne sape 1. Sorage Teperaure and Duraon of Urne Specens I s we esabshed ha sorage eperaure and duraon affec he accuracy of urne osoay resus 1,5,6. Gudenes for sorage eperaure and duraon, however, are confcng n he eraure. Cas for he saby of urne osoay ncude: Urne osoay has been repored o be sabe for up o 24 hours a 4 C, and as ong as a week when frozen n a seaed conaner. 5, If anayss canno be carred ou soon afer coecon, he specen shoud be refrgeraed. 7, Urne osoay ay be sabe a 4 C for up o 24 hours. Frozen sapes ay be sabe for severa weeks. 4, and Urne specens are sabe for 24 hours a 4 C or 30 C. Frozen (urne) specens are sabe for 1 week f here s a deay n he anayss, refrgerae he capped specens o avod a change n he orgna soue concenraon. 1. The objecve of hs sudy was o nvesgae he nfuence of sorage e and eperaure on he saby of huan urne osoay easureens usng he Advanced 3250 Snge-Sape Osoeer.

5 MATERIALS AND METHODS Tweny dfferen huan urne sapes fro 10 feae and 10 ae vouneers were sp no wo aquos, one nea and one cenrfuged o reove parcuaes. Aquoed sapes were sored n VWR dsposabe, round boo, sere, 17 x 100 cuure ubes wh cosures. These cuure ubes were aso used for cenrfugng he aquos. Urne coeced n sere specen coecon conaners was used o deerne coor and urbdy, and esed for eukocyes, nraes, urobnogen, proen, ph, bood, specfc gravy, keones, brubn, and gucose, usng Musx 10SG urne es srps. Aquos were cenrfuged a 3000 rp for 10 nues usng a Hech EBA 3S Tabe Top Cenrfuge. The supernaan was poured off no a new cuure ube, beng carefu no o dsurb he pee. These 40 sapes were edaey esed n repcaes of 3 usng he Advanced 3250 Snge-Sape Osoeer (Advanced Insruens, Norwood, MA). These readngs were consdered he basene, hour zero readngs. Each of he supernaan and nea sapes were hen sp no wo addona aquos, one sored a roo eperaure (22 C) and he oher refrgeraed (4 C). Roo eperaure and refrgeraed sapes were esed a 4, 24, and 48 hour nervas foowng hour zero esng o suae deayed sape processng. Refrgeraed sapes were wared o roo eperaure pror o esng 7. A sapes were esed n rpcae. The arhec eans for roo eperaure and refrgeraed urne sapes esed a hours 4, 24, and 48 were cacuaed. These vaues were copared o her correspondng hour zero vaues o cacuae percen bas. Mcrosof Exce 2007 was used for sasca anayses. Rando urne osoay specens can range fro 50 o 1400 Os/kg H 2 O, wh an average range of 500 o 800 Os/kg H 2 O. Page 5

6 RESULTS Tabe 1. Nea and Supernaan 22 C Feae Huan Seru Sape 0 Hours Mean Leve (Os) 4 Hours Nea 22 C 24 Hours 48 Hours 0 Hours Mean Leve (Os) 4 Hours Supernaan 22 C 24 Hours 48 Hours Mae Tabe 1. % bas cacuaons for nea and supernaan sapes sored a 22 C

7 RESULTS (con.) Feae Nea C Feae Supernaan C Feae Feae 1 o a 40 Feae 2 Feae 3 Feae 4 Feae 5 Feae 6 Feae 7 o a 40 Feae 2 Feae 3 Feae 4 Feae 5 Feae 6 Feae 7 Feae 8 Feae 9 Feae 8 Feae Feae Feae 1 Char 1. Os vaues over 48 hours for feae nea sapes sored a 22 C Char 2. Os vaues over 48 hours for feae supernaan sapes sored a 22 C Mae Nea C Mae Supernaan C Mae Mae 1 o a 40 Mae 2 Mae 3 Mae 4 Mae 5 Mae 6 Mae 7 o a 40 Mae 2 Mae 3 Mae 4 Mae 5 Mae 6 Mae 7 Mae 8 Mae 9 Mae 8 Mae Mae Mae 1 Char 3. Os vaues over 48 hours for ae nea sapes sored a 22 C Char 4. Os vaues over 48 hours for ae supernaan sapes sored a 22 C Page 7

8 RESULTS (con.) Tabe 2. Nea and Supernaan 4 C Feae Huan Seru Sape 0 Hours Mean Leve (Os) 4 Hours Nea 4 C 24 Hours 48 Hours 0 Hours Mean Leve (Os) 4 Hours Supernaan 4 C 24 Hours 48 Hours Mae Tabe 2. % bas cacuaons for nea and supernaan sapes sored a 4 C

9 RESULTS (con.) Feae Nea C Feae Supernaan C Feae Feae 1 o a 40 Feae 2 Feae 3 Feae 4 Feae 5 Feae 6 Feae 7 o a 40 Feae 2 Feae 3 Feae 4 Feae 5 Feae 6 Feae 7 Feae 8 Feae 9 Feae 8 Feae Feae Feae 1 Char 5. Os vaues over 48 hours for feae nea sapes sored a 4 C Char 6. Os vaues over 48 hours for feae supernaan sapes sored a 4 C Mae Nea C Mae Supernaan C Mae Mae 1 o a 40 Mae 2 Mae 3 Mae 4 Mae 5 Mae 6 Mae 7 o a 40 Mae 2 Mae 3 Mae 4 Mae 5 Mae 6 Mae 7 Mae 8 Mae 9 Mae 8 Mae Mae Mae 1 Char 7. Os vaues over 48 hours for ae nea sapes sored a 4 C Char 8. Os vaues over 48 hours for ae supernaan sapes sored a 4 C Page 9

10 CONCLUSION When edae processng of urne specens s no Urne specens shoud be esed as soon as possbe afer coecon n order o oban accurae osoay resus n cnca aboraores. Sandard pracce ndcaes ha specens shoud be esed as soon as possbe, or refrgeraed whn 4 hours and esed whn 24 hours of coecon o oban accurae osoay easureens. When edae processng of urne specens s no possbe, hs sudy suggess ha boh nea and supernaan huan urne sapes, eher refrgeraed or sored a roo eperaure up o 24 hours, can be accuraey esed for osoay whou sgnfcan bas. No apprecabe dfference beween nea and supernaan sapes was observed. possbe, hs sudy suggess ha boh nea and supernaan huan urne sapes, eher refrgeraed or sored a roo eperaure up o 24 hours, can be accuraey esed for osoay whou sgnfcan bas. REFERENCES 1. Henry RJ, Cannon DC, Wnkean JW Cnca Chesry Prncpes and Technques, 2nd Edon. New York, Harper & Row, pp Osoay.co webse, February, hp:// 3. RnCeus webse, February, hp:// co/rena/renaoso.h. 4. Fay pracce noebook webse, February,2011. hp:// Lab/UrnOsy.h. 5. Faukner WR, Mees S Seeced Mehods for he Sa Cnca Chesry Laboraory, Vo. 9. Washngon, DC, Aercan Assocaon for Cnca Chesry, pp Mees S, ed Osoay of seru and urne. Sandard Mehods of Cnca Chesry. Vo 5. New York, Acadec Press, pp Tez NW Fundaenas of Cnca Chesry, 3rd Edon. Phadepha, PA, W.B. Saunders Copany, pp Rex UNC Heahcare webse, February, hp:// ceancachurnesape.pdf. 9. Curra A, e. a Refrgeraed and roo eperaure sorage saby of seru osoay. Advanced Insruens Technca Leraure.

11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The auhor woud ke o hank he foowng peope for her conrbuons o hs sudy: Eeen Garry, Jue Rosenan, Key Peerson, and Meredh Pesa. Page 11

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