AN ADAPTIVE CAPACITY SPECTRUM METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STEEL MOMENT-RESISTING FRAMES
|
|
- Brooke Dorsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Internatonal Journal of Earthquake Engneerng Num. Anno XXXIII Specale CTA 2015 Num. 1-2 AN ADAPTIVE CAPACITY SPECTRUM METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STEEL MOMENT-RESISTING FRAMES Massmlano Ferraol*, Angelo Lavno, Alberto Mandara Department of Cvl Engneerng, Desgn, Buldng and Envronment Second Unversty of Naples, Aversa (CE) SUMMARY: An adaptve verson of the capacty spectrum method s proposed to estmate deformaton demands of steel moment-resstng frames under sesmc loads. Its computatonal attractveness and capablty of provdng satsfactory predctons of sesmc demands n comparson wth those obtaned by other advanced nonlnear statc procedures n lterature are examned. Both effectveness and accuracy of these approxmated methods based on pushover analyss are verfed through an extensve comparatve study nvolvng both regular and rregular steel moment-resstng frames. The results obtaned by nonlnear statc procedures and nonlnear dynamc tme-hstory analyss under spectrum-compatble accelerograms are eventually compared. The proposed procedure generally gves a more accurate soluton than that obtaned from the other nonlnear statc procedures. KEYWORDS: steel moment-resstng frames, nonlnear analyss, adaptve pushover 1. INTRODUCTION The estmaton of lateral dsplacement demands s of prmary mportance n performance-based earthquake-resstant desgn. In fact, both structural and non-structural damage are prmarly related to lateral dsplacements. However, estmatng sesmc demands at hgh performance levels, such as lfe safety and collapse preventon, requres explct consderaton of the nelastc behavour of the structure. To ths purpose, the nonlnear response hstory analyss (NRHA) s the most rgorous method for the estmaton of sesmc demands. Nevertheless, the Nonlnear Statc Procedures (NSPs) are wdely used to calculate the deformaton demands wth satsfactory accuracy wthout the complex modellng and computatonal effort of NRHA. Some NSPs were ncorporated n the new generaton of sesmc codes n procedures based on Capacty Spectrum Method (CSM) or Dsplacement Coeffcent Method (DCM), such as n FEMA 273 [1997], ATC-40 [1997], FEMA 356 [2000], Eurocode 8 [2004], Italan Buldng Code [2008], FEMA-440 [ATC-55, 2005], ASCE/SEI Standard [2005]. In general, applyng dsplacement rather than force loadng n pushover procedures would be the most sutable opton for nonlnear statc analyss of structures subjected to earthquake ground moton. However, due to the unvaryng nature of the appled dsplacement loadng vector, ths approach may neglect the strong varatons of the dsplacement pattern n post-yeld falure mechansm produced, for example, by strength rregulartes and soft storeys. Consequently, when an nvarant load pattern s used, the force-based pushover s to be preferred to the dsplacement- *Correspondng author: Massmlano Ferraol, Department of Cvl Engneerng, Desgn, Buldng and Envronment, Second Unversty of Naples, Aversa (CE), Italy. Emal: massmlano.ferraol@gmal.com
2 M. FERRAIOLI et. Al. based pushover. However, the accuracy of these conventonal force-based pushover analyses n predctng sesmc demands of structures and ther lmtatons especally for hgh-rse buldngs reman among the most controversal topcs. In fact, the tradtonal pushover analyss wth an nvarant lateral force pattern accurately estmates the sesmc response of low-rse and regular buldngs when the structural response s domnated by the frst mode. On the contrary, sgnfcant dfferences were found n hgh-rse buldngs, where the effects of the hgher modes cannot be neglected. The two major lmts of the conventonal pushover procedures are that, owng to the nvarant loadng pattern, the hgher mode effects are gnored and, therefore, the changes n the dynamc propertes of the structures are neglected. Ths s manly because nerta force dstrbuton changes contnuously under earthquake ground moton due to hgher mode contrbuton and stffness degradaton. Fgure 1. Cases studes: regular and rregular moment-resstng frames 48
3 INGEGNERIA SISMICA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING Table 1. Man Characterstcs of accelerograms No. Input Staton PGA Date Tme Dr. ID (m/s 2 ) M w 1 Frul ST20 06/05/ :00 NS Montenegro ST64 15/04/ :11 EW Campano Lucano ST93 23/11/ :34 NS Izmt ST575 17/08/ :01 NS South Iceland ST108 17/06/ :40 NS Olfus ST101 29/05/ :45 EW LomaPreta ST /10/ :04 NS In order to overcome these drawbacks, some researchers proposed nvarant loadng patterns takng nto account the hgher mode effects [Chopra et al., ], [Fajfar et al., 2005], [Janmeng et al., 2008], [Poursha et al., 2009], [Reyes et al., 2011], [Kresln et al., 2012]. Other researchers developed adaptve pushover procedures accountng for hgher mode effects and progressve damage accumulaton [Gupta et al., 2000], [Antonou et al., 2004], [Kalkan et al., 2006], [Pnho et al., 2008], [Ferraol et al., 2008], n order to overcome the most mportant lmtatons of tradtonal methods especally for estmatng sesmc demands of tall buldngs. However, some of these nonlnear statc procedures requre very complex analyses and they fal the target of usng procedures smpler than NRHA. Nevertheless, these adaptve pushover methods may represent an attractve dsplacement-based tool for structural assessment, fully complyng wth the recently ntroduced deformaton and performance orented trends n the feld of earthquake engneerng. 2. ADAPTIVE AND MULTIMODAL NONLINEAR STATIC PROCEDURES Generally, usng modal propertes of the structure n nonlnear statc analyss s the most accessble approach to take nto account the dynamc characterstcs of the system. However, the conventonal nonlnear statc procedures (NSPs) are based on the assumpton that the structure vbrates predomnantly n a sngle mode and that the dynamc propertes of the structure reman unchanged. Fgure 2. Pseudo-velocty spectra: a) recorded accelerograms b) adjusted accelerograms 49
4 M. FERRAIOLI et. Al. The frst assumpton s not always fulflled, especally n the case of hgh-rse buldngs and/or torsonally flexble plan-asymmetrc buldngs [Chopra et al., 2004], [Erduran et al., 2008], [Kresln et al., 2012], [Ferraol, ]. Furthermore, the progressve changes n the modal propertes due to structural yeldng are generally neglected. In order to nclude the effects of hgher modes some advanced modal pushover procedures based on the elastc modal decomposton concepts were developed n lterature. Many of these procedures consder hgher modes n lateral load pattern n order to take nto account hgher mode effects both n plan and n elevaton. In partcular, n the wellknown modal pushover analyss (MPA) proposed by Chopra et al. [2004] hgher mode effects are consdered by analysng each mode as an equvalent sngle-degree-of-freedom system ncludng nonlnear propertes related to that mode. Kunnath [2004] nvestgated smple modal combnaton schemes to ndrectly account for hgher-mode effects. In order to take nto account hgher-mode effects, Poursha et al. [2009] proposed the consecutve modal pushover procedure that employs mult-stage and sngle-stage pushover analyses. The man problem of conventonal nonlnear statc procedures s that they are based on the assumpton that the mode shape remans un-changed after the structure yelds. In order to overcome ths drawback n recent years some adaptve pushover methods were proposed to nclude the effects of hgher modes and the changes n vbraton characterstcs due to the nelastc response. Specfcally, n order to nclude the changes n the dynamc propertes of the structure Gupta et al. [2000] proposed an adaptve pushover procedure based on an elastc demand spectrum. Kalkan et al. [2006] suggested a new pushover analyss procedure derved through adaptve modal combnatons (AMC) that accounts for the effects of both hgher modes and varyng dynamc characterstcs due to nelastc response. Antonou et al. [2004] proposed an nnovatve dsplacement-based adaptve pushover (DAP) procedure, n whch an ncremental updatng wth ncrement of ds-placement calculated accordng to the spectrum scalng s appled at each analyss step. Two shortcomngs of the modal combnaton rules can be ponted out: the frst one s that the result obtaned does not fulfl equlbrum; the second lmtaton s that sgns are lost durng the combnaton process elmnatng the contrbuton of negatve quanttes and consderng an always-addtve contrbuton of hgher modes. In addton, no soluton s provded to determne the target dsplacement n the adaptve nonlnear statc analyss. Summng up, n spte of ther deep theoretcal background, many of the aforementoned methods suffer from the quadratc modal combnaton rules, n whch the change n the sgn of storey components at hgher modes s not consdered as the sgn reversals of load vectors n hgher modes are neglected. Thus, the magntudes of the appled loads n all storey levels are postve. Ths napproprate always-addtve ncluson of hgher mode contrbuton through a non-weghted SRSS combnaton rule represents a further weakness of modal pushover procedures. Fnally, no mult-run methods are able to reflect the nteracton between modes n the nonlnear range. 3. PROPOSED ADAPTIVE CAPACITY SPECTRUM METHOD In ths study, a dsplacement-based Adaptve Capacty Spectrum Method (ACSM) based on the Inelastc Demand Response Spectra (IDRS) s proposed. At frst, the dsplacement-based adaptve pushover (DAP) procedure proposed by Antonou et al. [2004] s used to defne the capacty of the structure. Ths results n a varaton of the lateral force pattern durng pushover analyss. Thus, also the equvalent Sngle-Degree-of-Freedom system (SDOF), whch s representatve of the MDOF 3D model of the buldng n the Capacty Spectrum Method (CSM), 50
5 INGEGNERIA SISMICA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING changes durng pushover analyss. In order to consder such effect, an adaptve verson of the Capacty Spectrum Method (ACSM) s proposed. At each step of the pushover analyss, a dfferent equvalent SDOF system s defned as a functon of the actual lateral dsplacement pattern. In partcular, the equvalent mass Meq and stffness Keq of the SDOF system at the -th step of the pushover analyss s expressed as a functon of the j-th storey dsplacement j and force Fj, as follows [Ferraol et al., 2008]: M K eq N m 2 j1 j j N j 1 m j 2 j N m 2 j1 j j N eq F N 2 1 j j j m j1 j j The global force-dsplacement capacty curve of the structure (base shear V versus top dsplacement TOP) s transformed step by step n the capacty spectrum (spectral acceleraton Sa versus spectral dsplacement Sd) n ADRS format (Acceleraton-Dsplacement Response Spectra), as follows: S S a V N j1 N j1 N j m j m j 2 j 2 j 2 1 m 1 j j d TOP N N m j1 j j where and are the base shear and the correspondng top dsplacement ncrements at the -th step of pushover analyss, respectvely, s the mass of the j-th storey, s the lateral dsplacement of the j-th storey at the -th step of pushover analyss and N s the number of storeys. The sesmc demand s represented through Inelastc Demand Response Spectra (IDRS) that are ndrectly computed by scalng the 5% damped Elastc Demand Response Spectra (EDRS) accordng to the R--T relatons avalable n lterature for the strength reducton factor [Vdc et al., 1994]. Specfcally, the nelastc pseudo-acceleraton Sa and dsplacement Sd, whch are the coordnates of the IDRS n ADRS format, are characterzed by the coordnates [Sde; Sae] of the EDRS (=5%) as follows: S S ae a (5) R Sde Sd (6) R where s the ductlty rato and s the ductlty reducton factor defned by Vdc et al. [1994], as follows: * * T T T0 R 1 1, (7) T0 * T T R. (8) 0 (1) (2) (3) (4) 51
6 M. FERRAIOLI et. Al. In Eqs. (7) and (8) depends on the ductlty and, therefore, on the lateral dsplacement of the equvalent SDOF system. Thus, some teratons are requred n order to match the values of ductlty obtaned from the demand spectrum and the capacty dagram, respectvely, wthn a gven tolerance. Fgure 3. Scatter plot of estmated target nterstorey drft for regular frames 52
7 INGEGNERIA SISMICA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING Fgure 4. Scatter plot of estmated target nterstorey drft for rregular frames 4. VALIDATION AND COMPARISON WITH OTHER NSPS A number of steel moment-resstng frames desgned to meet sesmc requrements of Italan Buldng Code [2008] have been consdered n the numercal analyses (Fg. 1). The desgn sesmc acton has been defned assumng sol class A, dampng rato =5%, peak ground 53
8 M. FERRAIOLI et. Al. acceleraton PGA=0.25g, behavour factor q=6.5 for regular frames and q= =5.2 for rregular frames. Steel members are made of S275 steel grade (fy=275 MPa). The nterstorey heght s 3.5m for the frst floor and 3.0m for the upper floors. The bay length s 5.0m. A dstrbuted plastcty-fbre element model mplemented n the SesmoStruct code [2004] has been used n nonlnear analyses. Sources of geometrcal nonlnearty taken nto account are both local and global. A blnear knematc hardenng materal model has been used for steel. More detals about the case studes can be found n Ferraol et al. [2014a, 2014b, 2014c]. The effectveness of the proposed adaptve capacty spectrum method (ACSM) s evaluated by comparng ts predctons wth estmates obtaned from a comprehensve set of nonlnear response hstory analyses (NRHA). Fgure 5. a) Interstorey drft profle. b) Error profle. Regular frames 54
9 INGEGNERIA SISMICA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING To ths am, a set of seven nput ground motons have been carefully chosen n such a way to be consstent wth the selected target response spectrum (5%-damped Eurocode 8 type 1 elastc spectrum for sol class A). The SesmoMatch software [2004] has been used to enforce the spectrum-compatblty of the selected accelerograms. Table 1 shows the parameters of the ground moton records. In Fg. 2, the pseudo-velocty response spectra of both recorded and adjusted accelerograms are plotted. The accuracy of ACSM s compared wth other more advanced nonlnear statc procedures: 1) MP: Mult-mode Pushover analyss [Sucuoğlu et al., 2011]; 2) MMPA: Modfed Modal Pushover Analyss procedure assumng hgher modes as elastc [Chopra et al., 2004]; 3) N2-EXT: Extended N2 method consderng hgher mode effects both n plan and n elevaton [Kresln et al., 2012]. The nterstorey drft rato of each storey (defned as the storey drft dvded by the storey heght) plays an mportant role n the amount of damage nduced n the structure durng earthquake ground moton. Consequently, ths quantty has been used for comparng the results of Nonlnear Statc Procedures (NSPs) and Nonlnear Response Hstory Analyss (NRHA). Specfcally, the mean value of the seven nterstorey drfts resulted from NSPs has been compared wth the mean value of the peak nterstorey drfts resulted from NRHA. In Fg. 3-4, the nterstorey drft ratos obtaned wth Nonlnear Response Hstory Analyss (NRHA) are assumed as reference values (X-axs) and the correspondng values obtaned wth the Nonlnear Statc Procedures (NSPs) are shown on the Y-axs. The bsector represents the cases when the NSP and the NRHA gve the same results. The straght lnes numbered -10%, -20% and -30% are representatve of error rates (defned n subsequent Eq. (9)) equal to -10%, -20% and -30%, respectvely.,, (%) 100 jnsp jnrha Error. (9) jnrha, In Eq. (9), s the mean value of the seven peak nterstorey drfts n the j-th storey resultng from NRHA,, s the mean value of the seven nterstorey drfts n the j-th storey resultng from NSP. The scatter plot of Fgs. 3-4 evaluates the coherence between NSP and NRHA. When all the ponts representng the pars of values are clustered around the bsector, both methods tend to gve the same results. On the contrary, when some values le below the straght lnes numbered -10%, t means that the error of the mean nterstorey drft comng from the NSP wth respect to the mean nterstorey drft of the NRHA s greater than 10%. Fnally, t s to be observed that the ponts over the bsector are stuatons where the value estmated from NSP procedure s greater than the correspondng value from NRHA. In these cases, the NSP gves conservatves estmates of the nonlnear dynamc response. Fgs. 3-4 show that all the procedures tend to underestmate the nterstorey drft demand for PGA=0.20g and underestmaton s even greater than 30%. For PGA=0.20g, all framed structures respond elastcally, and the dfferences between NSP and NRHA are not dependent on the nelastcty n the structure, but entrely arse due to the dfference n the analyss method. For values of PGA rangng from 0.40g to 0.80g the amount of nelastcty n the structure ncreases, and the accuracy depends on the NSP used to compute the sesmc demand. Specfcally, both N2-EXT and MMPA tend to overestmate the nterstorey drfts when compared to NRHA. The dscrepancy ncreases wth both the number of storeys and rregularty n elevaton. On the other sde, the MP procedure underestmates the nterstorey drft demand of rregular frames, whle the proposed ACSM tends to gve the most accurate solutons. 55
10 M. FERRAIOLI et. Al. Fgure 6. a) Interstorey drft profle. b) Error profle. Irregular frames Practcally, the pushover procedures based on nvarant lateral force patterns tend to accurately estmate the sesmc response of low-rse and regular frames, where the response s domnated by the frst mode and the development of a collapse mechansm of the global type s possble. On the contrary, these procedures become naccurate when appled to hgh-rse and rregular frames, where the hgher modes effects are sgnfcant and undesred collapse mechansm typologes may be developed. In partcular, hgh-rse frames are more prone to develop partal mechansms nvolvng a lmted number of storeys compared to the total number. The occurrence of such storey mechansm confrms the mportance of desgn procedures focusng on plastc mechansm control of MR-frames [Montuor et al., ] [Pluso et al., 2014]. 56
11 INGEGNERIA SISMICA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING In Fg. 5 the nterstorey drft and the error profles of the regular frames are plotted. The results obtaned for PGA=0.20g show that all procedures underestmate the nterstorey drft of all storeys. Moreover, the error s slghtly varable along the heght. When the value of PGA rses to 0.40g, the dfferences ncrease both along the heght and between the NSPs. For PGA=0.60g and even more for PGA=0.80g both N2-EXT and MMPA overestmate the nterstorey drfts, especally n the upper and lower storeys of the taller frames. On the contrary, the proposed ACSM procedure gves errors that are lower and less varable along the heght even when compared to the MP procedure. In Fg. 6 the nterstorey drft profles and the error profles of the rregular frames are plotted. Also n ths case, all procedures underestmate the nterstorey drft of all storeys for PGA=0.20g. Greater dfferences, both along the heght and between the NSPs, are evdenced for PGA=0.40g and, even more, for PGA=0.60g and PGA=0.80g. Both N2-EXT and MMPA overestmate the nterstorey drft, especally n the lower storeys, also for shorter frames and for PGA=0.40g. In the case of rregular frames, also the MP procedure seems naccurate snce t overestmates the nterstorey drfts, especally n the mddle storeys for PGA rangng between 0.40g and 0.80g. The proposed ACSM procedure gves errors that turn to be lower and less varable along the heght than other methods. In order to estmate the global accuracy of results gven by the mentoned NSPs, the mean value of maxmum nterstorey drft obtaned from NRHA s assumed as the reference value and the total error has been evaluated as follows: 1,, (%) 100 N jnsp jnrha Total Error (10) j 1 N jnrha, In Fg. 7 the total error s plotted as a functon of the peak ground acceleraton. The applcaton of both N2-EXT and MMPA procedure can potentally result n very naccurate solutons for the hgh values of peak ground acceleraton. Fgure 7. Total error as a functon of the peak ground acceleraton 57
12 M. FERRAIOLI et. Al. Ths concluson s true for both regular and rregular frames. On the other sde, the results of MP procedure may become very naccurate when the peak ground acceleraton and the rregularty n elevaton ncrease. On the contrary, the proposed Adaptve Capacty Spectrum Method gve the most accurate solutons for both regular and rregular frames, especally for hgh values of peak ground acceleraton. 5. CONCLUSIONS An adaptve capacty spectrum method for estmatng sesmc demands of steel momentresstng frames was presented n ths paper. The proposed procedure takes nto account the frequency content of response spectra, the hgher mode effects, the progressve changes n the modal propertes due to structural yeldng and the nteracton between modes n the nelastc range. The accuracy and effcency of the proposed approach was valdated by comparng ts results wth estmates obtaned from the nonlnear response hstory analyss. The results were eventually compared wth those provded by other methods suggested n lterature. The accuracy of nonlnear statc procedures based on nvarant load patterns proved to be nsuffcent at the lower storey levels, and ths dscrepancy ncreases wth both the number of storeys and the rregularty n elevaton. The multmodal pushover methods accountng for hgher mode effects along the elevaton provde a more accurate estmaton of sesmc demands, but they become very naccurate when the peak ground acceleraton and the rregularty n elevaton ncrease. The proposed Adaptve Capacty Spectrum Method generally gves a more accurate soluton for both regular and rregular frames, especally for the hgh values of peak ground acceleraton. Moreover, the estmated errors are lower and less varable along the heght than other methods suggested n lterature. 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The subject dealt wth n ths paper s a part of the research project RELUIS Steel and composte steel-concrete structures (Coordnators Prof. R. Landolfo, Prof. R. Zandonn), ssued by the Italan Dpartmento della Protezone Cvle. The actvty was carred out by the members of Research Unt of the Second Unversty of Naples, coordnated by Prof. A. Mandara. 7. REFERENCES Antonou, S. and Pnho, R. [2004] Development and verfcaton of a dsplacement-based adaptve pushover procedure, Journal of Earthquake Engneerng 8(5), ASCE [2005] Sesmc Rehabltaton of exstng buldngs, ASCE/SEI 7-05, Publshed by the Amercan Socety of Cvl Engneers. ATC [1997] Sesmc Evaluaton and Retroft of Concrete Buldngs, Report No. ATC-40, Appled Technology Councl, Redwood Cty, CA. CEN [2004] Eurocode 8: Desgn of structures for earthquake resstance, Part 1: general rules, sesmc actons and rules for buldngs, EN1998-1, European Commttee for Standardzaton. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. [2002] A modal pushover analyss procedure for estmatng sesmc demands for buldngs, Earthquake Engneerng and Structural Dynamcs 31(3),
13 INGEGNERIA SISMICA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING Chopra, A.K., Goel, R.K. and Chntanapakdee, C. [2004] Evaluaton of a Modfed MPA Procedure Assumng Hgher Modes as Elastc to Estmate Sesmc Demands, Earthquake Spectra 20(3), Erduran, E. [2008] Assessment of current nonlnear statc procedures on the estmaton of torsonal effects n low-rse frame buldngs, Engneerng Structures 30, Fajfar, P., Marušć, D. and Perus, I. [2005] Torsonal effects n the pushover-based sesmc analyss of buldngs, Journal of Earthquake Engneerng 9(6), FEMA [1997] NEHRP gudelnes for the sesmc rehabltaton of buldngs, Report FEMA-273 (Gudelnes) and Report FEMA-274 (Commentary), Washngton (DC). FEMA [2000] Prestandard and Commentary for the Sesmc Rehabltaton of Buldngs, FEMA 356, prepared by the Amercan Socety of Cvl Engneers for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Washngton, D.C, FEMA [2005] Improvement of nonlnear statc sesmc analyss procedures, prepared by the Appled Technology Councl (ATC-55 Project), FEMA 440, publshed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washngton. Ferraol, M., Lavno, A., Avossa, A.M. and Mandara, A. [2008] Dsplacement-based sesmc assessment of steel moment resstng frame structures, Proc. of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engneerng, Bejng, Chna. Ferraol, M. [2010] Inelastc torsonal response of an asymmetrc-plan hosptal buldng n Italy, Proc. of the Fnal Conference COST ACTION C26: Urban Habtat Constructons under Catastrophc Events, Naples, Italy, Ferraol, M., Lavno, A. and Mandara, A. [2014a] Behavour factor of code-desgned steel momentresstng frames, Internatonal Journal of Steel Structures 14(2), Ferraol, M., Avossa, A.M., Lavno, A. and Mandara, A. [2014b] Accuracy of Advanced Methods for Nonlnear Statc Analyss of Steel Moment-Resstng Frames, The Open Constructon and Buldng Technology Journal 8, Ferraol, M., Avossa, A.M. and Mandara, A. [2014c] Assessment of Progressve Collapse Capacty of Earthquake-Resstant Steel Moment Frames Usng Pushdown Analyss, The Open Constructon and Buldng Technology Journal 8, Ferraol, M. [2015] Case study of sesmc performance assessment of rregular RC buldngs: hosptal structure of Avezzano (L Aqula, Italy), Earthquake Engneerng and Engneerng Vbraton 14, Gupta, B. and Kunnath, S.K. [2000] Adaptve spectra-based pushover procedure for sesmc evaluaton of structures, Earthquake Spectra 162, Janmeng, M., Changha, Z. and Ll, X. [2008] An mproved modal pushover analyss procedure for estmatng sesmc demands of structures, Earthquake Engneerng & Engneerng Vbraton 7, Kalkan, E. and Kunnath, S.K. [2006] Adaptve modal combnaton procedure for nonlnear statc analyss of buldng structures, Journal of Structural Engneerng 132(11), Kresln, M. and Fajfar, P. [2012] The extended N2 method consderng hgher mode effects n both plan and elevaton, Bulletn of Earthquake Engneerng 10, Kunnath, S.K. [2004] Identfcaton of modal combnaton for nonlnear statc analyss of buldng structures, Computer-Aded Cvl and Infrastructure Engneerng 19, Mnstry of Infrastructure and Transport [2008] Italan Buldng Code, Mnsteral decree of Jan 14th, 2008, Offcal gazette 29, Rome (n Italan). 59
14 M. FERRAIOLI et. Al. Montuor, R., Nastr, E. and Pluso, V. [2015] Advances n theory of plastc mechansm control: Closed form soluton for MR-Frames, Earthquake Engneerng and Structural Dynamcs 44(7), Montuor, R., Tros, M. and Pluso, V. [2012] Theory of plastc mechansm control of sesmcresstant MR-frames wth set-backs, Open Constructon and Buldng Technology Journal 6, Pluso, V., Montuor, R. and Tros, M. [2014] Innovatve structural detals n MR-frames for free from damage structures, Mechancs Research Communcatons 58, Pnho, R. and Casarott C. [2008] Usng the Adaptve Capacty Spectrum Method for Sesmc Assessment of Irregular Frames, Proc. of the 5th European Workshop on the Sesmc Behavour of Irregular and Complex Structures, Catana, Italy. Poursha, M., Khoshnoudana, F. and Moghadam, A.S. [2009] A consecutve modal pushover procedure for estmatng the sesmc demands of tall buldngs, Engneerng Structures 31, Reyes, J.C. and Chopra, A. [2011] Three-dmensonal modal pushover analyss of buldngs subjected to two components of ground moton, ncludng ts evaluaton for tall buldngs, Earthquake Engneerng and Structural Dynamcs 40, SesmoSoft [2014] SesmoStruct: A computer program for statc and dynamc analyss for framed structures, [Onlne] Avalable from URL: SesmoSoft [2014] SesmoMatch, [Onlne] Avalable from URL: Sucuoğlu, H. and Günay, M.S., [2011] Generalzed force vectors for mult-mode pushover analyss, Earthquake Engneerng and Structural Dynamcs 40, Vdc, T., Fajfar, P. and Fschnger, M. [1994] Consstent nelastc desgn spectra: strength and dsplacement, Earthquake Engneerng and Structural Dynamcs 23,
15 Internatonal Journal of Earthquake Engneerng Num. Anno XXXIII Specale CTA 2015 Num. 1-2 UNA VERSIONE ADATTIVA DEL METODO DELLO SPETTRO DI CAPACITÀ PER LA VALUTAZIONE DELLA RISPOSTA SISMICA DI TELAI SISMORESISTENTI IN ACCIAIO Massmlano Ferraol*, Angelo Lavno, Alberto Mandara Department of Cvl Engneerng, Desgn, Buldng and Envronment Second Unversty of Naples, Aversa (CE) SOMMARIO: É stata proposta una varante adattva del metodo dello spettro d capactà per la valutazone della rsposta nelastca d tela ssmoresstent n accao soggett ad azon d tpo ssmco. Sono stat esamnat suo vantagg computazonal e la sua capactà d fornre prevson accurate dell effet-tva rsposta ssmca n rapporto a quelle ottenute mpegando altre procedure statche non lnear dsponbl n letteratura. L effcaca e l accuratezza de metod approssmat basat sull anals d pushover è stata verfcata attraverso un estesa ndagne parametrca condotta su tela ssmores-stent n accao sa regolar, sa rregolar. I rsultat ottenut sono stat confrontat con quell ottenut dall anals dnamca non lneare condotta utlzzando segnal accelerometrc spettrocompatbl. * Correspondng author: Massmlano Ferraol, Department of Cvl Engneerng, Desgn, Buldng and Envronment, Second Unversty of Naples, Aversa (CE), Italy. Emal: massmlano.ferraol@gmal.com
Displacement-based performance assessment of steel moment resisting frames
Dsplacement-based performance assessment of steel moment resstng frames M. Ferraol, A. Lavno, A.M. Avossa, A. Mandara Seconda Unverstà d Napol, Dpartmento d Ingegnera Cvle, va Roma 9 Aversa (CE), Italy
More informationReduced drift, high accuracy stable carbon isotope ratio measurements using a reference gas with the Picarro 13 CO 2 G2101-i gas analyzer
Reduced drft, hgh accuracy stable carbon sotope rato measurements usng a reference gas wth the Pcarro 13 CO 2 G2101- gas analyzer Chrs Rella, Ph.D. Drector of Research & Development Pcarro, Inc., Sunnyvale,
More informationA Prediction of Reliability of Suction Valve in Reciprocating Compressor
Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs nternatonal Compressor Engneerng Conference School of Mechancal Engneerng 1996 A Predcton of Relablty of Sucton Valve n Recprocatng Compressor W. H. You Samsung Electroncs
More informationComparative Deterministic and Probabilistic Analysis of Two Unsaturated Soil Slope Models after Rainfall Infiltration
Jordan Journal of Cvl Engneerng, Volume 11, No. 1, 2017 Comparatve Determnstc and Probablstc Analyss of Two Unsaturated Sol Slope Models after Ranfall Infltraton Manoj Kr. Sahs 1) and Partha Pratm Bswas
More informationEvaluation of a Center Pivot Variable Rate Irrigation System
Evaluaton of a Center Pvot Varable Rate Irrgaton System Ruxu Su Danel K. Fsher USDA-ARS Crop Producton Systems Research Unt, Stonevlle, Msssspp Abstrat: Unformty of water dstrbuton of a varable rate center
More informationDynamic Analysis of the Discharge Valve of the Rotary Compressor
Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs Internatonal Compressor Engneerng Conference School of Mechancal Engneerng 8 Dynamc Analyss of the Dscharge Valve of the Rotary Compressor Bo Huang Shangha Htach Electrcal
More informationA comparison study on the deck house shape of high speed planing crafts for air resistance reduction
csnak, 2014 Int. J. Nav. Archt. Ocean Eng. (2014) 6:867~875 http://dx.do.org/10.2478/ijnaoe-2013-0218 pissn: 2092-6782, eissn: 2092-6790 A comparson study on the deck house shape of hgh speed planng crafts
More informationInternal Wave Maker for Navier-Stokes Equations in a Three-Dimensional Numerical Model
Journal of Coastal Research SI 64 511-515 ICS2011 (Proceedngs) Poland ISSN 0749-0208 Internal Wave Maker for Naver-Stokes Equatons n a Three-Dmensonal Numercal Model T. Ha, J.W. Lee and Y.-S. Cho Dept.
More informationA Study on Parametric Wave Estimation Based on Measured Ship Motions
1 A Study on Parametrc Wave Estmaton Based on Measured Shp Motons Ulrk Dam NIELSEN * and Tosho ISEKI ** Abstract The paper studes parametrc wave estmaton based on the wave buoy analogy, and data and results
More informationAalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
Aalborg Unverstet Predctablty of the Power Output of Three Wave Energy Technologes n the Dansh orth Sea Chozas, Jula Fernandez; Jensen,. E. Helstrup; Sørensen, H. C.; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Kabuth, Alna Krstn
More informationStudy on coastal bridge under the action of extreme wave
Study on coastal brdge under the acton of extreme wave Bo Huang Bng Zhu Jawe Zhang School of Cvl Engneerng, Southwest Jaotong Unversty, Chengdu 610031, Chna Abstract In order to research the catastrophc
More informationApplicability of Nonlinear Static Procedures to RC Moment-Resisting Frames
Applicability of Nonlinear Static Procedures to RC Moment-Resisting Frames Michalis Fragiadakis 1, Dimitrios Vamvatsikos 2, and Mark Aschheim 3 1 Post-doctoral Scholar, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus,
More informationPREDICTIONS OF CIRCULATING CURRENT FIELD AROUND A SUBMERGED BREAKWATER INDUCED BY BREAKING WAVES AND SURFACE ROLLERS. Yoshimitsu Tajima 1
PREDICTIONS O CIRCULATING CURRENT IELD AROUND A SUBMERGED BREAKWATER INDUCED BY BREAKING WAVES AND SURACE ROLLERS Yoshmtsu Tama 1 Ths paper develops a quas-three-dmensonal nearshore current model whch
More informationDevelopment of Accident Modification Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments in Texas
Development of Accdent Modfcaton Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments n Texas Domnque Lord* Zachry Department of Cvl Engneerng & Center for Transportaton Safety Texas Transportaton Insttute Texas A&M
More informationSECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES
SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES MARIOS CHRISTOU Shell Internatonal Exploraton and Producton, 2288 GS Rjswjk, The Netherlands. E-mal: maros.chrstou@shell.com PETER TROMANS Ocean Wave
More informationNumerical Study of Occupants Evacuation from a Room for Requirements in Codes
Numercal Study of Occupants Evacuaton from a Room for Requrements n Codes HL MU JH SUN Unversty of Scence and Technology of Chna State Key Laboratory of Fre Scence Hefe 2300326, CHINA muhl@mal.ustc.edu.cn
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS J.Franco a, A.Corz a*.a.peña b a Materal Composte Group. Unversdad de Cadz. Avda/Ramon Puyol s/n. 11205 Algecras (Span) *alcorz@caltech.es b Calpe
More informationResearch and Application of Work Roll Contour Technology on Thin Gauge Stainless Steel in Hot Rolling
Send Orders for Reprnts to reprnts@benthamscence.ae The Open Mechancal Engneerng Journal, 215, 9, 111-116 111 Open Access Research and Applcaton of Work Roll Contour Technology on Thn Gauge Stanless Steel
More informationProceedings of the ASME nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2013 June 9-14, 2013, Nantes, France
Proceedngs of the ASME nd Internatonal Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctc Engneerng OMAE June 9-,, Nantes, France OMAE-6 ROLL DAMPING COEFFICIENTS ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON FOR ROUND BILGE AND HARD
More informationEngineering Analysis of Implementing Pedestrian Scramble Crossing at Traffic Junctions in Singapore
Engneerng Analyss of Implementng Pedestran Scramble Crossng at Traffc Junctons n Sngapore Dr. Lm Wee Chuan Eldn Department of Chemcal & Bomolecular Engneerng, Natonal Unversty of Sngapore, 4 Engneerng
More informationCross-shore Structure of Longshore Currents during Duck94
CHAPTER 283 Cross-shore Structure of Longshore Currents durng Duck94 Falk Feddersen 1, R.T. Guza 2, Steve Elgar 3, and T.H.C Herbers 4 Abstract The cross-shore structure of the mean longshore current on
More informationEquivalent SDOF Systems to Simulate MDOF System Behavior
Equivalent SDOF Systems to Simulate MDOF System Behavior Erol Kalkan PEER-GMSM, Berkeley Aug- How to find equivalent SDOF systems via Pushover analysis: MDOF system seismic behavior can be approximated
More informationHigh Speed 128-bit BCD Adder Architecture Using CLA
Hgh Speed 128-bt BCD Archtecture Usng CLA J.S.V.Sa Prasanth 1, Y.Yamn Dev 2 PG Student [VLSI&ES], Dept. of ECE, Swamy Vvekananda Engneerng College, Kalavara, Andhrapradesh, Inda 1 Assstant Professor, Dept.
More informationProduct Information. Radial gripper PRG 52
Product Informaton PRG More flexble More powerful. Slm. PRG unversal grpper 180 radal grpper wth powerful 1-shft slotted lnk gear and oval pston. Feld of applcaton For areas of applcaton whch, n addton
More informationApplications on openpdc platform at Washington State University
Applcatons on openpdc platform at Washngton State Unversty Chuanln Zhao Ebrahm Rezae Man V. Venkatasubramanan Washngton State Unversty Pullman WA WSU projects OMS - Oscllaton Montorng System Stand-alone
More informationPlanning of production and utility systems under unit performance degradation and alternative resource-constrained cleaning policies
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Plannng of producton and utlty systems under unt performance degradaton
More informationAdaptive Pushover Analysis of Irregular RC Moment Resisting Frames
Kalpa Publications in Civil Engineering Volume 1, 2017, Pages 132 136 ICRISET2017. International Conference on Research and Innovations in Science, Engineering &Technology. Selected papers in Civil Engineering
More informationApplication of pushover analysis in estimating seismic demands for large-span spatial structure
28 September 2 October 2009, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain Alberto DOMINGO and Carlos LAZARO (eds.) Application of pushover analysis in estimating seismic demands for large-span spatial structure
More informationPredicting Wave Transformation during Extreme Weather Conditions
Predctng Wave Transformaton durng Extreme Weather Condtons Josephus LOPEZ 1, Karlo Marko NARIO 1, Patrck Joshua ROMARES 1, Maro DE LEON, Ryuchro NISHI 3, Hosotan KAZUNORI 4 1 Bachelor of Scence n Cvl Engneerng
More informationPeak Field Approximation of Shock Wave Overpressure Based on Sparse Data
Peak Feld Approxmaton of Shock Wave Overpressure Based on Sparse Data Yongl Zhang, Taln Han, Yuqun Chen, Enku Zhang, and Xuan Lu Abstract To obtan the shock wave feld dstrbuton, two knds of calber weapons
More informationExperimental And Numerical Investigation Of The Flow Analysis Of The Water-Saving Safety Valve
Expermental And Numercal Investgaton Of The Flow Analyss Of The Water-Savng Safety Valve Muhammed Safa KAMER s PhD Student n Department of Mechancal Engneerng n Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Unversty, Turkey.
More informationRisk analysis of natural gas pipeline
Rsk analyss of natural gas ppelne Y.-D. Jo 1, K.-S. Park 1, J. W. Ko, & B. J. Ahn 3 1 Insttute of Gas Safety Technology, Korea Gas Safety Corporaton, South Korea Department of Chemcal Engneerng, Kwangwoon
More informationAalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Accepted author manuscript, peer reviewed version
Aalborg Unverstet Predctablty of the Power Output of Three Wave Energy Technologes n the Dansh orth Sea Chozas, Jula Fernandez; Jensen,. E. Helstrup; Sørensen, H. C.; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Kabuth, Alna Krstn
More informationPedestrian Facilities Planning on Tianjin New Area program
Avalable onlne at www.scencedrect.com ScenceDrect Proceda - Socal and Behavoral Scenc es 96 ( 2013 ) 683 692 13th COTA Internatonal Conference of Transportaton Professonals (CICTP 2013) Pedestran Facltes
More informationGAS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYGEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS
AS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS ómez-díaz, D. a, omes, N. b, Texera, J.A. b, Belo, I. b a Department of Chemcal Engneerng, Unversty of Santago de Compostela,
More informationInvestigating Reinforcement Learning in Multiagent Coalition Formation
Investgatng Renforcement Learnng n Multagent Coalton Formaton Xn L and Leen-Kat Soh Department of Computer Scence and Engneerng Unversty of Nebrasa-Lncoln 115 Ferguson Hall, Lncoln, NE 66588-0115 {xnl,
More informationComparisons of Means for Estimating Sea States from an Advancing Large Container Ship
Downloaded from orbt.dtu.dk on: Jan 31, 18 Comparsons of Means for Estmatng Sea States from an Advancng Large Contaner Shp Nelsen, Ulrk Dam; Andersen, Ingrd Mare Vncent; Konng, Jos Publshed n: Proceedngs
More informationDecomposition guide Technical report on decomposition
June 2013 Decomposton gude Techncal report on decomposton Erasmus MC Start date of project: 20 Aprl 2012 Duraton: 36 months 1 Table of contents Abstract... 4 Acknowledgements... 5 Introducton... 6 Part
More informationWave Breaking Energy in Coastal Region
ave Breang Energy n Coastal Regon Ray-Qng Ln and Lwa Ln Dept. of Seaeepng Davd Taylor Model Basn NSCCD U.S. Army Engneer Researc and Development Center. INTERODUCTION Huang 006 suggested tat wave breang
More informationResponse based sea state estimation for onboard DSS Safe and Efficient Marine Operations
Response based sea state estmaton for onboard DSS Safe and Effcent Marne Operatons Ulrk Dam Nelsen AMOS Workshop, NTNU, Trondhem, 13 th and 14 th November, 2014 Contents Introducton: Context Montorng and
More informationRADIAL STIFFNESS OF A BICYCLE WHEEL AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
ADIAL TIFFE OF A BICYCLE WHEEL - A AALYTICAL TUDY José aría ínguez Dpto. de Físca Aplcada II Facultad de Cenca y Tecnología Unversdad del País Vasco Aptdo. 644 488 Blbao PAI Emal: osemara.mnguez@ehu.es
More informationReport No. FHWA/LA.13/508. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD PAGE Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508 4. Ttle and Subttle A Comprehensve Study on Pavement Edge Lne Implementaton 7. Author(s) Xaoduan Sun, Ph.D., P.E. Subassh Das 9. Performng Organzaton
More informationInternational Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 5, October Model Systems. Yang Jianjun and Li Wenjin
Internatonal Journal of Engneerng and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 5, October 2016 1 Relablty Optmzaton Desgn of Submarne Free-Runnng Model Systems Yang Janjun and L Wenjn Abstract Wth regard to the relablty
More informationCoastal Engineering Technical Note
Coastal Engneerng Techncal Note CETN V-10 Even-Odd Functon Analyss of Shorelne Poston and Volume Change by Jule Dean RoSllt and Nchollls C. Kraus Purpose: To present the background and methodology for
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(5): Research Article
Avalable onlne www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemcal and Pharmaceutcal Research, 204, 6(5): 520-526 Research Artcle ISS : 0975-7384 CODE(USA) : JCPRC5 Dgtal Electrcal Resstance Tomography System and ts Expermental
More informationMechanical Engineering Journal
56789 Bulletn of the JSME Mechancal Engneerng Journal Vol., o., 6 Measurement of three-dmensonal orentaton of golf club head wth one camera Wataru KIMIZUKA* and Masahde OUKI* * DULOP SPORTS CO. LTD. Waknohama-cho
More informationInvestigation on Rudder Hydrodynamics for 470 Class Yacht
Proceedngs Investgaton on Rudder Hydrodynamcs for 470 Class Yacht She Ln 1,, Yong Ma, *, Wetao Zheng, Song Zhang 1,, Xaoshan Le 1, and Yangyng He 1, 1 Graduate School of Wuhan Sports Unversty, Wuhan 430079,
More informationMuscle drain versus brain gain in association football: technology transfer through
Muscle dran versus bran gan n assocaton football: technology transfer through player emgraton and manager mmgraton G. J. Allan a * and J. Moffat b a Correspondng Author: Department of Economcs, Sr Wllam
More informationMajor League Duopolists: When Baseball Clubs Play in Two-Team Cities. Phillip Miller. Department of Economics. Minnesota State University, Mankato
Major League Duopolsts: When Baseball Clubs Play n Two-Team Ctes Phllp Mller Department of Economcs Mnnesota State Unversty, Mankato September 2006 Abstract: Ths paper focuses on examnng the attendance
More informationDRAFT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT v.2.0 FOR IP KULATA/SIDIROKASTRO DEFINITIONS, BUSINESS RULES, EXCEPTIONAL EVENT
RAFT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT v.2.0 FOR IP KULATA/SIIROKASTRO EFINITIONS, BUSINESS RULES, EXCEPTIONAL EVENT ARTICLE 1: EFINITIONS All terms of the INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT shall
More informationPERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS C. Barry Pftzner and Chrs Spence, Department of Economcs/Busness, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, bpftzne@rmc.edu, cspence@rmc.edu
More informationSEAKEEPING BEHAVIOUR OF A FRIGATE-TYPE TRIMARAN
Desgn & Operaton of Trmaran Shps, London, UK SEAKEEPNG BEHAVOUR OF A FRGATE-TYPE TRMARAN W Pastoor, Det Norske Vertas AS, Norway R van 't Veer, Martme Research nsttute Netherlands, The Netherlands E Harmsen,
More informationMonitoring Physical Activity from Active Transport. Dr Russell G. Thompson Institute of Transport Studies Monash University
Montorng Physcal Actvty from Actve Transport Dr Russell G. Thompson Insttute of Transport Studes Monash Unversty Australan Health Gudelnes Put together at least 30 mnutes of moderatentensty physcal actvty
More informationSEEPAGE AND EROSION MECHANISMS OF OF SANDY GROUND DUE TO AIR BUBBLES
C-14 Fourth Internatonal Conference on Scour and Eroson 28 SEEPAGE AD EROSIO MECHAISMS OF OF SADY GROUD DUE TO AIR BUBBLES Hrotaka SAKAI 1 and Kench MAEDA 2 1 Member of JGS, Dept. of Cvl Eng., agoya Insttute
More informationITRS 2013 Silicon Platforms + Virtual Platforms = An explosion in SoC design by Gary Smith
ITRS 2013 Slcon Platforms + Vrtual Platforms = An exploson n SoC desgn by Gary Smth 2013 2013 Gary Gary Smth Smth EDA, EDA, Inc. Inc. All All Rghts Rghts Reserved. Reserved. 1 The Fve Desgn Constrants
More informationAPPLICATION OF PUSHOVER ANALYSIS ON EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE PREDICATION OF COMPLEX LARGE-SPAN STEEL STRUCTURES
APPLICATION OF PUSHOVER ANALYSIS ON EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE PREDICATION OF COMPLEX LARGE-SPAN STEEL STRUCTURES J.R. Qian 1 W.J. Zhang 2 and X.D. Ji 3 1 Professor, 3 Postgraduate Student, Key Laboratory for
More informationInvestigation on Hull Hydrodynamics with Different Draughts for 470 Class Yacht
Proceedngs Investgaton on Hull Hydrodynamcs wth Dfferent Draughts for 470 Class Yacht Yong Ma 1, *, Shje Ln 1,2, Yangyng He 1, Xaoshan Le 1,2 and Song Zhang 1,2 1 School of Sports Engneerng and Informaton
More informationStability Analysis for the Design of 5000-Tonnes Offshore Work Barge
Internatonal Journal of Engneerng and echnology Volume No. 9, September, Stablty Analyss for the Desgn of 5-onnes Offshore Work arge Ntonye Samson a, Ezenwa Ogbonnaya b, uve Ejabefo a a Department of arne
More informationAvailability assessment of a raw gas re-injection plant for the production of oil and gas. Carlo Michelassi, Giacomo Monaci
16 th IMEKO TC4 Symposum Explorng New Fronters of Instrumentaton and Methods for Electrcal and Electronc Measurements Avalablty assessment of a raw gas re-njecton plant for the producton of ol and gas
More informationOpen Access Research on the Dynamic Vibration Control of Underwater Robot
Send Orders for Reprnts to reprnts@benthamscence.ae he Open Automaton and Control Systems Journal, 205, 7, 23-236 23 Open Access Research on the Dynamc Vbraton Control of Underwater Robot L-ya Wang and
More informationProduct Information. Long-stroke gripper PSH 42
Product Informaton PSH 42 PSH Compact. Flexble. Fully encapsulated. PSH long-stroke grpper 2-fnger parallel grpper wth long jaw stroke and drt-resstant round gudance Feld of applcaton n contamnated work
More informationAnalysis of Hold Time Models for Total Flooding Clean Extinguishing Agents
Analyss of old Tme Models for Total Floodng Clean Extngushng Agents Todd M. etrck, Al S. Rangwala Department of Fre Protecton Engneerng Worcester Polytechnc Insttute Worcester, MA 69-8 Abstract Ths study
More informationComprehensive evaluation research of volleyball players athletic ability based on Fuzzy mathematical model
ISSN : 0974-7435 Volume 10 Issue 3 Comprehensve evaluaton research of volleyball players athletc ablty based on Fuzzy mathematcal model Shangbn L, Peyu Zhao, Yngshuang Lu, Lxn Wu* Physcal Educaton Department,
More informationADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS
A ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS DIFFICULTY GROUPS OF FEATURES 1 DEFINITIONS: Change of Rotaton: Refers to TURNS or LINKING STEPS rotatng
More informationJIMAR ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 2001 (Project ) Project Title: Analyzing the Technical and Economic Structure of Hawaii s Pelagic Fishery
1 JIMAR ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 2001 (Project 653540) P.I. Name: PngSun Leung, Khem Sharma and Sam Pooley Project Research Assstant: Naresh Pradhan Project Ttle: Analyzng the Techncal and Economc Structure
More informationReferee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach
Econometrcs 2014, 2, 1-19; do:10.3390/econometrcs2010001 OPEN ACCESS econometrcs ISSN 2225-1146 www.mdp.com/journal/econometrcs Artcle Referee Bas and Stoppage Tme n Major League Soccer: A Partally Adaptve
More information1.1 Noise maps: initial situations. Rating environmental noise on the basis of noise maps. Written by Henk M.E. Miedema TNO Hieronymus C.
TIP4-CT-2005-516420 Page 1 of 34 DELIVERABLE D 1.5 CONTRACT N PROJECT N ACRONYM TITLE TIP4-CT-2005-516420 FP6-516420 QCITY Quet Cty Transport Subproject 1 Nose mappng & modellng Work Package 1.1 Nose maps:
More informationProduct Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus 40
Product Informaton PZN-plus 40 PZN-plus Relable. Robust. Flexble. PZN-plus unversal grpper Unversal 3-Fnger Centrc Grpper wth hgh grppng force and maxmum moments due to mult-tooth gudance Feld of applcaton
More informationNonlinear Risk Optimization Approach to Gas Lift Allocation Optimization
pubs.acs.org/iecr Nonlnear Rsk Optmzaton Approach to Gas Lft Allocaton Optmzaton Mahd Khshvand and Ehsan Khamehch* Faculty of Petroleum Engneerng, Amrkabr Unversty of Technology, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT:
More informationCrash Frequency and Severity Modeling Using Clustered Data from Washington State
Proceedngs of the IEEE ITSC 2006 2006 IEEE Intellgent Transportaton Systems Conference Toronto, Canada, September 17-20, 2006 WB7.1 Crash Frequency and Severty Modelng Usng Clustered Data from Washngton
More informationFirst digit of chosen number Frequency (f i ) Total 100
1 4. ANALYSING FREQUENCY TABLES Categorcal (nomnal) data are usually summarzed n requency tables. Contnuous numercal data may also be grouped nto ntervals and the requency o observatons n each nterval
More informationPolyethylene flow prediction with a differential multi-mode Pom-Pom model
Korea-Australa Rheology Journal Vol. 14, No. 1, March 2002 pp. 25-32 Polyethylene flow predcton wth a dfferental mult-mode Pom-Pom model R.P.G. Rutgers*, N. Clemeur, S. Muke 1 and B. Debbaut 2 Department
More informationEnglish Premier League (EPL) Soccer Matches Prediction using An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for
Englsh Premer League (EPL) Soccer Matches Predcton usng An Adaptve Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Amadn, F. I 1 and Ob, J.C. 2 Department of Computer Scence, Unversty of Benn, Benn Cty. Ngera.
More informationCS 2750 Machine Learning. Lecture 4. Density estimation. CS 2750 Machine Learning. Announcements
CS 75 Machne Learnng Lecture 4 ensty estmaton Mlos Hauskrecht mlos@cs.ptt.edu 539 Sennott Square CS 75 Machne Learnng Announcements Homework ue on Wednesday before the class Reports: hand n before the
More informationEvolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories: Evaluation of Individuals
Internatonal Journal on Marne Navgaton and Safety of Sea Transportaton Volume 6 Number 3 September 2012 Evolutonary Sets of Safe Shp Trajectores: Evaluaton of Indvduals R. Szlapczynsk Gdansk Unversty of
More informationProduct Information. Long-stroke gripper PHL 63
Product Informaton PHL Flexble. Precse. Powerful. PHL 2-fnger parallel grpper wth long jaw stroke for large parts and/or a broad range of parts Feld of applcaton Optmum standard soluton for many felds
More informationProduct Information. Long-stroke gripper PFH-mini
Product Informaton PFH-mn PFH-mn Loadable. Flexble. Relable. PFH-klen long-stroke grpper 2-fnger parallel grpper wth large jaw stroke for large parts and / or a broad range of parts Feld of applcaton clean
More informationLSSVM Model for Penetration Depth Detection in Underwater Arc Welding Process
ISS 1746-7659, England, UK Journal of Informaton and Computng Scence Vol. 5, o. 4, 2010, pp. 271-278 LSSVM Model for Penetraton Depth Detecton n Underwater Arc Weldng Process WeMn Zhang 1, 2, GuoRong Wang
More informationProduct Information. Long-stroke gripper PHL 40
Product Informaton PHL Flexble. Precse. Powerful. PHL 2-fnger parallel grpper wth long jaw stroke for large parts and/or a broad range of parts Feld of applcaton Optmum standard soluton for many felds
More informationTerminating Head
Termnatng Head 58246-1 Instructon Sheet for MTA- 100 Receptacle Connectors 408-6929 Usng Dscrete Wre 07 APR 11 Locatng Pawl Feed Slde Tool Base Wre Inserter Adjuster (Inserton Rod) Mass Termnaton Assembly
More informationProduct Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus
Product Informaton Unversal grpper PZN-plus PZN-plus Unversal grpper Relable. Robust. Flexble. PZN-plus unversal grpper Unversal 3-Fnger Centrc Grpper wth hgh grppng force and maxmum moments due to mult-tooth
More informationProduct Information. Long-stroke gripper PHL 50
Product Informaton PHL 50 PHL Flexble. Precse. Powerful. PHL long-stroke grpper 2-fnger parallel grpper wth large jaw stroke for large parts and / or a broad range of parts Feld of applcaton Optmum standard
More informationSpherical solutions of an underwater explosion bubble
89 Sphercal solutons of an underwater exploson bubble Andrew B. Wardlaw, Jr. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Code 423, Indan Head Dvson, Indan Head, MD 20640-5035, USA E-mal: 423@uwtech.h.navy.ml Hans U.
More informationJournal of Environmental Management
Journal of Envronmental Management 90 (2009) 3057 3069 Contents lsts avalable at ScenceDrect Journal of Envronmental Management journal homepage: www.elsever.com/locate/jenvman Sustanable value assessment
More informationLake Clarity Model: Development of Updated Algorithms to Define Particle Aggregation and Settling in Lake Tahoe
Lake Clarty Model: Development of Updated Algorthms to Defne Partcle Aggregaton and Settlng n Lake Tahoe Goloka B. Sahoo S. Geoffrey Schladow John E. Reuter Danel Nover Davd Jassby Lake Clarty Model Weather
More informationUnified optimal power flow model for AC/DC grids integrated with natural gas systems considering gas-supply uncertainties
J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy https://do.org/10.1007/s40565-018-0404-6 Unfed optmal power flow model for AC/DC grds ntegrated wth natural gas systems consderng gas-supply uncertantes Jale FAN 1, Xaoyang
More informationLaser Shock Processing influence on local properties and overall tensile behavior of friction stir welded joints
Laser Shock Processng nfluence on local propertes and overall tensle behavor of frcton str welded jonts Mhaela Iordachescu a '*, Andres Valente a, Lus Caballero a, Danut Iordachescu b, Jose Lus Ocana b,
More informationCFD Simulation of R134a and R410A Two-Phase Flow in the Vertical Header of Microchannel Heat Exchanger
Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs Internatonal Refrgeraton and Ar Condtonng Conference School of Mechancal Engneerng 2016 CFD Smulaton of R134a and R410A Two-Phase Flow n the Vertcal Header of Mcrochannel
More informationSafety Impact of Gateway Monuments
*Manuscrpt Clck here to vew lnked References Ye, Venezano, and Lord 1 Safety Impact of Gateway Monuments Zhru Ye a,*, Davd Venezano a, Domnque Lord b a Western Transportaton Insttute, Montana State Unversty,
More informationProduct Information. Gripper for small components MPG 32
Product Informaton MPG 32 MPG Precse. Compact. Relable. MPG grpper for small components 2-fnger parallel grpper wth smooth roller gudes of the base jaws Feld of applcaton Grppng and movng of small to medum-szed
More informationEvaluating the Effectiveness of Price and Yield Risk Management Products in Reducing. Revenue Risk for Southeastern Crop Producers * Todd D.
Evaluatng the Effectveness of Prce and Yeld Rsk Management Products n Reducng Revenue Rsk for Southeastern Crop Producers * Todd D. Davs ** Abstract A non-parametrc smulaton model ncorporatng prce and
More informationMass Spectrometry. Fundamental GC-MS. GC-MS Interfaces
Mass Spectrometry Fundamental GC-MS GC-MS Interfaces Wherever you see ths symbol, t s mportant to access the on-lne course as there s nteractve materal that cannot be fully shown n ths reference manual.
More informationENERGY SAVING IN THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS: FOCUS ON THE POWER SUPPLY GROUP.
ENERGY SAVING IN THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT OR AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS: OCUS ON THE POWER SUPPLY GROUP. Massmo Borgh, Barbara Zardn, rancesco Pntore, Engneerng Department Enzo errar, Unversty of Modena and Reggo
More informationM.H.Ahn, K.J.Lee Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , Republic of Korea
The Methodology on Exposure Dose Evaluaton Modelng Related to Arbtrary Accdent n the Temporary Storage Faclty for Low and Intermedate Level Waste - 9133 M.H.Ahn, K.J.Lee Korea Advance Insttute of Scence
More informationA Climbing Robot based on Under Pressure Adhesion for the Inspection of Concrete Walls
A Clmbng Robot based on Under Pressure Adheson for the Inspecton of Concrete Walls K. Berns, C. Hllenbrand, Robotcs Research Lab, Department of Computer Scence, Techncal Unversty of Kaserslautern P.O.
More informationCanadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Growth of Rainbow Trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ
Seasonal and Spatal Patterns of Growth of Ranbow Trout n the Colorado Rver n Grand Canyon, AZ Journal: Manuscrpt ID cjfas-15-2.r1 Manuscrpt Type: Artcle Date Submtted by the Author: 23-Jun-15 Complete
More informationCost Effective Safety Improvements for Two-Lane Rural Roads
Fnal Techncal Report TNW2008-04 Research Project Agreement No. 61-2394 Cost Effectve Safety Improvements for Two-Lane Rural Roads Ynha Wang Assocate Professor Ngan Ha Nguyen Graduate Research Assstant
More informationPREDICTION OF POLYDISPERSE STEAM BUBBLE CONDENSATION IN SUB-COOLED WATER USING THE INHOMOGENEOUS MUSIG MODEL
PREDICTION OF POLYDISPERSE STEAM BUBBLE CONDENSATION IN SUB-COOLED WATER USING THE INHOMOGENEOUS MUSIG MODEL C. Lfante *, T. Frank *, A.D. Burns, D. Lucas and E. Krepper * ANSYS Germany GmbH, Staudenfeldweg
More informationTransportation Research Forum
Transportaton Research Forum On the Impact of HOT Lane Tollng Strateges on Total Traffc Level Author(s): Sohel Sbdar and Mansoureh Jehan Source: Journal of the Transportaton Research Forum, Vol. 48, No.
More informationEffect of gas properties on the characteristics of a bubble column equipped with fine porous sparger.
ICFM-16-9 th Internatonal Conference on Multphase Flow May nd -7 th, 16, Frenze, Italy Effect of gas propertes on the characterstcs of a bubble column equpped wth fne porous sparger. Aradn P. Chatzdafn,
More information