A Reconnaissance Inventory of KUMEALON LAKE

Transcription

1 A Reconnaissance Inventory of KUMEALON LAKE Watershed Code: Date Inventoried: August 20-23, and September 23, 1996 Prepared for: Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks Box 5000 Smithers, B.C. V0J 2N0 Prepared by: Kristine Mason, M.Sc. Adam Lewis, M.Sc., R.P.Bio. Box 88 Terrace, B.C. V8G 4A2 March 21, 2001

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION DATA ON FILE GEOGRAPHIC AND MORPHOLOGIC INFORMATION Location Physical Data Lake Morphometry Benchmark Lake drainage Stream surveys Major systems Terrain and vegetation Immediate Shoreline Surrounding Country DEVELOPMENTS AND LAND USE Access Development and land use Resorts and campsites Mining claims Timber harvest Waste permits Water permits Recreation values Special regulations and restrictions FISH POPULATION SAMPLING Fish species composition Relative abundance Size, age and growth Salmonids Non-salmonid species Sexual maturity and condition LIMNOLOGICAL SAMPLING Water sampling Stratification OTHER FLORA AND FAUNA Aquatic plants Wildlife observations Summary of Rare and Endangered Species MANAGEMENT COMMENTS REFERENCES Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page i

3 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Table showing the time and date set and collected, as well as the location, for each gill net (GL) and minnow trap (MT) set in Kumealon Lake Table 2: Data for gill netting and minnow trapping in Kumealon Lake Table 3: Limnology summary for Kumealon Lake, showing the method used and the date and time of each measurement Table 4: Dissolved oxygen, temperature and conductivity measurements for Kumealon Lake taken at increments from the surface to a depth of 30 m Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page ii

4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of Kumealon Lake on 1: N.T.S. Map 103H/ Figure 2: Air photo of Kumealon Lake Figure 3: Length weight regression for Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake Figure 4: Length frequency distribution for Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake Figure 5: Age frequency for Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake Figure 6: Limnological profiles for Kumealon Lake Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page iii

5 LIST OF PHOTOS Photo 1: Upstream view of inlet stream (A), east end of Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #6) Photo 2: Downstream view of inlet stream (A) (Roll 3, #7) Photo 3: View of waterfall at 200 m upstream, inlet (A) (Roll 16, #23) Photo 4 : Upstream view of inlet stream (B) , north side of Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #9) Photo 5: Downstream view of inlet stream (B) (Roll 3, #10) Photo 6 : Upstream view of inlet stream (C) south side of Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #11) 28 Photo 7: Downstream view of inlet stream (C) (Roll 3, #14) Photo 8 : Upstream view of inlet stream (D) north side of Kumealon Lake by cabin (Roll 3, #15) Photo 9: Downstream view of inlet stream (D) (Roll 3, #17) Photo 10 : Aerial view of the west end of Kumealon Lake showing the log jam at the outlet (Roll 16, #20) Photo 11: Aerial view of outlet stream (Kumealon Creek) (Roll 16, #19) Photo 12 : View of the east end of Kumealon Lake from the outlet (Roll 3, #23) Photo 13: View of the west end of Kumealon Lake from stream (D) showing island (Roll 3, #19) Photo 14 : View of the east end of Kumealon Lake showing the camp (Roll 3, #24) Photo 15: View of abandoned cabin on the south side of Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #18). 33 Photo 16 : Dolly Varden from Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #5) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page iv

6 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix I: BATHYMETRIC DATA Appendix II: STREAM CARDS Appendix III: RAW CATCH DATA Appendix IV: WATER SAMPLING REPORT Appendix V: RAW FIELD NOTES Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page v

7 1. INTRODUCTION was retained by the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Fisheries Branch to conduct a Reconnaissance Level Lake Inventory on Kumealon Lake, within the. Kumealon Lake is located approximately 57 km south of Prince Rupert by float plane. The purpose of the survey was to collect information on lake bathymetry, lake drainage, including stream surveys, terrain and vegetation, access, developments and land use, fish populations, limnology, aquatic plants and wildlife. The lake survey was conducted according to the Lake and Stream Inventory Standards and Procedures of the Resource Inventory Committee (MELP 1995). Stream information was entered into the Department of Fisheries and Oceans / Ministry of Environment Stream Survey Database. The reconnaissance level survey was completed on August 20-23, 1996 and September 23, 1996 by Kristine Mason and Brian Leaf. Original field data and photos are included with the original copy of the lake report. A survey was previously completed on Kumealon Lake in 1966 (MELP Regional Lake Files). 2. DATA ON FILE Location X Individual Fish Data X Physical data X Fish Preserved Bench Mark X Stomach Analysis Lake Drainage X Scale and/or Otolith Reading X Stream Surveys X DO, Temperature and Conductivity Profiles X Terrain Features X Water Chemistry Summary X Terrestrial Vegetation X Aquatic Plants X Access X Wildlife Observations X Resorts and Campsites X Fishery Management Comments X Mining claims X Photograph Directory / Photos X Timber Harvest X Appendices Waste Permits X I. Bathymetric Data X Water Permits X Bathymetric Map X Recreation Values X II. Tributary Stream Data X Special Regulations and Restrictions X III. Catch Data X History of Previous Surveys X IV. Water Chemistry X Netting Record X V. Bottom Sediment Analysis Lake Catch Summary X VI. Fish Tissue Analysis Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 1

8 3. GEOGRAPHIC AND MORPHOLOGIC INFORMATION 3.1 Location Gazetted Name: Kumealon Lake Watershed Code: Location: Kumealon Lake is 57 km south of Prince Rupert, west of Grenville Channel Elevation: 120 m (Source: Altimeter) Latitude/Longitude: 53 o 12 18, 129 o U.T.M.: , N.T.S. Map #: 103H/13 TRIM Map #: 103H 081 Air Photos: 30BCB (July 18, 1992) SEAM #: E Management Unit: 6-11 Biogeoclimatic Zone: Coastal Western Hemlock Forest Region: Prince Rupert Forest Region Forest District: Drainage: Kumealon Lake Kumealon Creek Kumealon Lagoon Date of Survey: August 20-23, 1996 and September 23, Physical Data Lake Drainage Area: 38 km 2 Volume: 3.99 x 10 8 m3 Water Surface Area: 4.4 km 2 Number of Islands: 1 Area Above 6m Contour: 1390 m 2 Shoreline Perimeter: 12.7 km Maximum Depth: 180 m Mean Depth: 91 m Secchi Depth: 7.25 m Sounding Device: Lowrance X-16 Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 2

9 Kumealon Lake is a medium-sized lake, 5 km in length and 442 ha in area. The lake is at an elevation of 120 m and is surrounded by cliffs rising to peaks approximately 1000 m in elevation. There is one small island located near the south shore towards the west end of the lake. 3.3 Lake Morphometry The deepest point of Kumealon Lake is in the middle of the main basin at 180 m in depth. There is one small island located near the bay on the south side of the lake. Bathymetric information was collected during the survey according to the Bathymetric Standards for Lake Inventories (MELP 1996). A Lowrance X-16 electronic sounder was used in the field to provide paper traces of the depth soundings of the e-line and transects. The bathymetric map was created using manual procedures as outlined in the manual. Measurements were taken of distance and depth data from the paper traces and entered into a spreadsheet. The depth contours on the bathymetric map were calculated by linear interpolation of these depth data. The bathymetric map, raw bathymetric data and map of transect locations are included in Appendix I. 3.4 Benchmark U.T.M.: , The benchmark was established at the east end of the lake, between the two channels of the inlet stream (A). A spike (centre of orange circle) was nailed into a large tree 9 m from the water s edge at approximately 2.7 m above the water surface. 3.5 Lake drainage Kumealon Creek drains Kumealon Lake and flows west 14.7 km into the head of Kumealon Lagoon, Kumealon Inlet. The watershed drains approximately 38 km 2 (source: metric dot grid, 1: map). Figure 1 shows Kumealon Lake on the 1: N.T.S. map. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 3

10 3.5.1 Stream surveys The Stream Information Survey System (SISS) indicates that a barrier impassable to all species (rock, 15 m in height) exists in Kumealon Creek, at 2.1 km upstream from the ocean. Coho, pink, chum and chinook were observed to these falls at 2.1 km. In the past, Kumealon Creek was a main pink salmon producer but logging in 1940 s caused major damage to spawning areas. SISS records also show cutthroat trout, Dolly Varden and rainbow trout present in Kumealon Lake Major systems The locations and flow directions of the streams surveyed in Kumealon Lake are shown in Figure 2. Four inlet streams were surveyed. The stream cards for the major streams of Kumealon Lake are located in Appendix II. Unnamed Creek : Stream A UTM: Photos 1 and 2 This inlet, flowing into the east end of Kumealon Lake was surveyed to 200 m. The average wetted width was 13 m with a gradient of 6 %. The substrate was primarily bedrock and there was limited cover (30%) from large organic debris, deep pool and cutbank. At 200 m upstream, there was a waterfall of 20 m in height, an impassable barrier to fish migration (Photo 3). This inlet would provide minimal spawning and rearing habitat because of the fast flow, high gradient and lack of cover and gravel. The best spawning habitat is in the first 50 m of the stream. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 4

11 Unnamed Creek : Stream B UTM: Watershed Code: Photos 4 and 5 This inlet, flowing into the north shore of Kumealon Lake was surveyed to 50 m. The average estimated wetted width was 10 m with a gradient of 4 %. The bed material was 30% boulder with the remaining substrate divided between fines, gravel and cobble. There was plenty of cover from large organic debris and boulder. At the time of the survey, water levels were high and the stream was 75% rapids with a discharge of 4.5 m 3 s -1. Unnamed Creek : Stream C UTM: Photos 6 and 7 This inlet, flowing into the south side of Kumealon Lake provides minimal fish habitat. The creek was steep (gradient of 11 %) with an average wetted width of 7 m. The bed material was 35% boulder, with the remaining substrate divided between fines, gravel and cobble. Cover was extensive from large organic debris, boulder and overhanging vegetation. After 50 m, there was a very steep rise in gradient and the stream was totally covered by organic matter and debris and was not surveyed beyond this point. Unnamed Creek : Stream D UTM: Photos 8 and 9 This inlet, flowing into the south side of Kumealon Lake, by the cabin, was surveyed to 500 m. The creek had average estimated wetted width of 7 m and a gradient of 3 %. The bed material was evenly divided between fines, gravel and larges. Cover was provided primarily from large organic debris. At 350 m upstream, there was a small increase in gradient, but no change in bed materials or flow. At 500 m upstream, a small waterfall was present (not an impassable barrier). Due to the low gradient and presence of suitable Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 5

12 gravel and cover, this inlet would provide most of the fish spawning and rearing habitat in Kumealon Lake. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 6

13 Kumealon River (outlet) UTM: A large log jam was present across the outlet (Photo 10) making access to this stream impossible. The logs were not grounded and the shores were bedrock (>2 m in height). Therefore, there was nowhere to land the boat in the vicinity of the outlet. Aerial views of the outlet (Photo 11) indicate that barriers to migration occur downstream. Therefore, fish migration from the ocean to Kumealon Lake is impossible. 3.6 Terrain and vegetation Immediate Shoreline There is very limited littoral area in Kumealon Lake, as the shoreline drops off steeply. At the east end of the lake, there is a flat area with surrounding cliffs. The beach area at the east end of the lake has sand and gravel substrate. The north and south shores of the lake rise to steep cliffs and heavily forested hillsides. Around most of the lake, bedrock banks are found, 0.5 to 2 m in height. Where the banks are not bedrock, the lakeside is hard sand, which drops off quickly at the edges of the lake. The perimeter of Kumealon Lake is variable, with areas of cliff faces, bedrock, rock and sand. Snags were present around the shore and large standing dead trees were found in embayment areas. There were also many logs floating on the surface of the lake. High winds at the time of the survey, drove these snags west toward the outlet. An east view of Kumealon Lake from the outlet (photo 12) shows floating logs in the middle of the lake and the island near the south shore. Taken from the middle of Kumealon Lake, photo 13 shows the east end of the lake with the field camp in the distance. Photo 14 taken from the mouth of stream D, shows the west end of Kumealon Lake. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 7

14 3.6.2 Surrounding Country Kumealon Lake is within the Coastal Western Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone, Very Wet Hypermaritime subzone (CWHvh) (Ministry of Forests 1988). This subzone is characterised by mild, wet summers (mean temperature of warmest month 13.9 o C, mean precipitation of driest summer month 96 mm) and cool, wet winters (mean temperature of coldest month 3.0 o C, mean precipitation of wettest winter month 431 mm) (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). The surrounding forest is dominated by mature Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata). The understory is dominated by devil s club (Oplopanax horridus), skunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanum), ferns and mosses. There is also a very dense shrub layer consisting of Alaskan blueberry (Vaccinium alaskaense), oval-leaved blueberry (Vaccinium ovalifolium) and red huckleberry (Vaccinium parvifolium). Unknown trees, bushes and wildflowers were identified using Pojar and MacKinnon (1994). The north and south shores of Kumealon Lake are surrounded by steep cliffs and heavily forested hillsides, rising to peaks approximately 1000 m in elevation. Kumealon Lake is located in the Western System of British Columbia (Holland 1976), in the Coast Mountains, within the Kitimat Ranges. These granitic mountains are characteristically round-topped, dome-like mountains rising to peaks between 1980 and 2285 m in elevation (Holland 1976). Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 8

15 4. DEVELOPMENTS AND LAND USE 4.1 Access Kumealon Lake was accessed by float plane, a flight of approximately 57 km south of Prince Rupert. The flying time is approximately 40 minutes. Notes on Kumealon Lake indicate that a trail was present in 1966 from Kumealon Inlet to the lake. However, this trail was not apparent from the air or from the lake. 4.2 Development and land use The area directly around Kumealon Lake shows no signs of past or present logging or agricultural land use. No sources of pollution were observed at Kumealon Lake. The lake has been used for recreation in the past, as indicated by the abandoned cabin. However, recreational use of the lake is limited by the difficulty in access and the lack of camping facilities Resorts and campsites There are no established campsites on Kumealon Lake, but there is a small beach at the east end where tents can be pitched. There is also a half-completed cabin located on the shore of the bay along the south shore of Kumealon Lake (Photo 15). This cabin looks like it had been abandoned even before construction was finished Mining claims There are no mining claims within the Kumealon Lake watershed Timber harvest Kumealon Lake is located in the International Forest Products Ltd. (INTERFOR) district. According to the INTERFOR 5 Year Development Plan, the road from Kumealon Inlet is to be extended to the west end of Kumealon Lake. Plans exist to clearcut one block north and one block south of Kumealon Creek in In 2000, four blocks are to be clearcut at the west end of the lake, one north and three south. These areas will be heli-logged. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 9

16 In 2002, two blocks are to be clearcut on the north side of the lake, five blocks at the east side of the lake around the inlet stream (Kumealon Creek) and three blocks at the south side of the lake near the inlet streams. Eight blocks are also to be clearcut around the tributary flowing into Kumealon Creek downstream of the lake. The development plan also shows the outlet stream (Kumealon Creek) classified as S1-S4 and the lake unclassified. Forest cover around lake is of age class Waste permits There are no waste permits held for Kumealon Lake Water permits There are no water licenses held for Kumealon Lake Recreation values Kumealon Lake is an attractive lake surrounded by spectacular cliffs and mature, unlogged forest. The cliffs are especially scenic with waterfalls present. There are no established campsites on Kumealon Lake. Camping is limited to one small beach and grass area at the east end of the lake, that is subject to flooding at high water levels. Bedrock surrounds much of the lake, making access to the lakeshore difficult in some areas. Hiking would be impossible. The presence of floating snags makes boating somewhat hazardous, as well as float plane arrival and departure Special regulations and restrictions According to the B.C. Freshwater Fishing Regulations, there were no special restrictions at the time of the survey, beyond those limitations applying to the region for catch limits and gear. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 10

17 5. FISH POPULATION SAMPLING 5.1 Fish species composition Gill netting and minnow trapping captured Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) in Kumealon Lake (Photo 16). Table 1 shows the site characteristics of the gill nets and minnow traps set in Kumealon Lake. 5.2 Relative abundance Table 2 shows the catch for each trap type for Dolly Varden caught in Kumealon Lake. The raw catch data are presented in Appendix III. 44 Dolly Varden were caught in the floating gill net (catch per unit effort of 3.4 fish/h) and four in the sinking net (CPUE 0.3 fish/h). The Dolly Varden of Kumealon Lake may be utilising the epilimnion to a greater extent than the hypolimnion. Dolly Varden were also abundant in minnow traps set in Kumealon Lake with 42 caught in two traps. Dolly Varden were also present in all inlet streams, with at least one fish caught in each inlet. 5.3 Size, age and growth Salmonids Dolly Varden ranged in size from 51 mm to 246 mm in fork length (FL). The mean FL for Dolly Varden was 137 mm, with a standard deviation of 57 mm (± 57 mm). The weights of the fish ranged from 1.42 g to g. The mean weight of the 30 Dolly Varden sampled was 54 g ± 40 g. Otoliths were taken from the five largest Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake. These fish ranged from 7 to 12 years of age. Figure 3 shows the length weight regression, Figure 4 shows the length frequency distribution and Figure 5 shows the age frequency distribution for Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake. Otoliths from Dolly Varden were aged by AMC Technical Services Ltd., Lantzville, B.C. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 11

18 5.3.2 Non-salmonid species Only Dolly Varden were captured in Kumealon Lake. 5.4 Sexual maturity and condition Of the 30 Dolly Varden sampled at Kumealon Lake, 15 were female. Of these fish, 5 were classified as immature and 10 were resting (adult sized fish with small gonads). Of the 15 males, 9 were immature, 4 were maturing and 2 were resting. Dolly Varden spawn in the fall, from September to early November (Scott and Crossman 1973). The fish classified as immature were probably not going to spawn that fall. Sexual maturity is usually achieved in Dolly Varden in years 3-6, but inland, high-altitude and northern populations are often stunted and not all adults spawn every year (Scott and Crossman 1973). The four males that were maturing (ovaries and testes beginning to fill out and take up a large part of the body cavity), would have be preparing to spawn within a few months. The 12 fish that were resting would not yet have begun investing energy into reproduction, i.e. gonadal growth, for the fall spawning season. The 5 Dolly Varden that were aged were all sexually mature (resting), between the ages of 7 and 12 years. Most Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake had internal parasitic worms present in the cavity between the kidney and swim bladder. 6. LIMNOLOGICAL SAMPLING 6.1 Water sampling Table 3 shows a summary of all limnological sampling performed at Kumealon Lake. The limnology site was in the middle of the lake just west of the island, at 180 m in depth. Water samples from depths of 0.5 m and 30 m (labelled surface and bottom, respectively) were collected from Kumealon Lake on August 22, 1996 at 11:00 a.m. These samples were analysed for general water chemistry and metals by Northern Laboratories Ltd., Prince Rupert, B.C. The full report from the laboratory is included in Appendix IV. Due to damage to the ph meter, field ph measurements were not performed. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 12

19 6.2 Stratification Table 4 and Figure 6 show the dissolved oxygen, temperature and conductivity profiles performed at Kumealon Lake on September 23, Kumealon Lake was thermally stratified with the thermocline present at approximately 11 m in depth. The temperature in the epilimnion was 12.8 o C at the surface, with the temperature in the hypolimnion dropping to 4.5 o C at 30 m. The dissolved oxygen readings range from 9.61 to mgl -1. The oxygen concentration increases with depth, indicating that there is not significant oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion. The conductivity profile for Kumealon Lake shows values ranging from 6.4 µmhoscm -1 at the surface to 6.0 µmhoscm -1 at 30 m. There is a slight decrease in conductivity with depth, corresponding with a decrease in temperature. However, there is not a distinct chemocline. 7. OTHER FLORA AND FAUNA 7.1 Aquatic plants No aquatic plants were visible at the time of the survey. Water levels were very high and there was very limited littoral area. Most of the lake was surrounded by bedrock cliffs with the shore dropping off very quickly. At the beach area, no aquatic plants were present but terrestrial plants, such as, grasses and gentians were present near the shore. 7.2 Wildlife observations A beaver (Castor canadensis) was seen swimming by camp in the evening of August 22, A river otter (Lontra canadensis) was also observed at Kumealon Lake. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 13

20 A flock of seagulls (Family: Laridae) was observed at Kumealon Lake. American dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) were present around the beach at the field camp. Also observed was a Rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) and an unidentified species of hawk. Unknown birds were identified using Udvardy and Farrand Jr. (1994). 7.3 Summary of Rare and Endangered Species No rare or endangered vertebrate animals or vascular plants were observed at Kumealon Lake (B.C. Conservation Data Centre: Rare Vertebrate Animal and Vascular Plants Tracking Lists, (FD #28), June 10, 1996). 8. MANAGEMENT COMMENTS Only Dolly Varden were captured in Kumealon Lake. SISS records indicate that cutthroat trout and rainbow trout are also present in Kumealon Lake, but none were caught in gill nets or minnow traps. Small ( mm FL) Dolly Varden were extremely abundant in the Kumealon Lake watershed, especially from minnow traps. Kumealon Lake is an oligotrophic lake (low in nutrient inputs, with low organic production, Wetzel 1983). Phosphorus concentrations and conductivity measurements are low (< 0.05 mgl -1 and µmhoscm -1, respectively), indicating that the fish populations are likely slow growing. Slow growth rates combined with insufficient food supply for the overall numbers of fish, may account for the large population of stunted Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake. High-altitude and northern populations are often found to be stunted (Scott and Crossman 1973). Dolly Varden growth and production in Kumealon Lake could conceivably be increased through autochthonous fertilization of the lake. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions can increase zooplankton and benthic production, which in turn can increase salmonid production (Hyatt and Stockner 1985, Johnston et al. 1990, Ashley et al. 1994). Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 14

21 However, it would not be advantageous to manipulate the Kumealon Lake ecosystem at the present time, as it is not a salmon producing lake and is not an angling destination. If cutthroat trout and rainbow trout are present in the lake, they must not be very abundant. The fish population of Kumealon Lake would be vulnerable to habitat degradation from logging practices. The inlet flowing into the west side of the lake near the cabin (D) and the inlet at the east end of the lake (A) provide the best spawning habitat for Dolly Varden, especially in the first 50 m of each stream. Sensitive areas should be protected from sediment accumulation and riparian modification to allow successful reproduction in the future. Existing angling regulations are adequate because Kumealon Lake is not a significant sport fishing destination. Dolly Varden are present, but they are small and are not an attractive quarry to anglers. Although there is historic evidence of a trail to the lake from Kumealon Inlet, it does not appear to still be in existence. Consequently the lake is only accessible by float plane. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 15

22 9. REFERENCES Ashley, K., L.C. Thompson, L. Haywood-Farmer, R. Rae, F.R. Pick, P.B. Hamilton, D.C. Lasenby, K.E. Smokorowski and L. McEachern Kootenay Lake Fertilization Experiment - Year 2 (1993/94) B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Fisheries Branch, Fisheries Project Report No. RD 41. Fish Habitat Inventory and Information Program Stream Summary Catalogue. Subdistrict 5 Grenville-Principe. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Vancouver, B.C. Holland, S.S Landforms of British Columbia. A Physiographic Outline. British Columbia Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources. Bulletin pp. Hyatt, K.D. and J.G. Stockner Responses of sockeye salmon (Onchorhynchus nerka) to fertilization of British Columbia coastal lakes. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42: Johnston, N.T., C.J. Perrin, P.A. Slaney and B.R. Ward Increased juvenile salmonid growth by whole river fertilization. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47: Meidinger, D. and Pojar, J Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special Report Series 6. Ministry of Forests. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Fisheries Branch, Inventory Unit. May Lake and Stream Inventory: Standards and Procedures. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Fisheries Branch and Water Management Program. February Bathymetric Standards for Lake Inventories (Final Draft), prepared for the Resources Inventory Commission (RIC). Ministry of Forests and Lands, Research Branch Biogeoclimatic and Ecoregion Units of the Prince Rupert Forest Region. Pojar, J. and A. MacKinnon Plants of Coastal British Columbia including Washington, Oregon & Alaska. B.C. Ministry of Forests and Lone Pine Publishing: Vancouver, B.C. Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 184. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 16

23 Udvardy M.D.F. and J. Farrand Jr National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Western Region. Alfred A. Knopf: New York, NY. Warrington, P.D Identification Keys to the Aquatic Plants of British Columbia. Water Quality Branch, Water Management Division. B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. Wetzel, R.G Limnology: Second Edition. Saunders College Publishing: Philadelphia, PA. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 17

24 Table 1: Table showing the time and date set and collected, as well as the site characteristics, for each gill net (GL) and minnow trap (MT) set in Kumealon Lake. Monofilament gill nets had six panels of mesh sizes: 25 mm, 76 mm, 51 mm, 89 mm, 38 mm and 64 mm. Minnow traps were baited with salmon roe. The orientation of the gill nets and the locations of all sample sites can be seen on the aerial photo (Figure 2). Method Number Date Set Time Set Date Coll. Time Coll. Time Fished (h:min) Location GL Aug-96 19:36 22-Aug-96 8:30 12:54 floating net, set perpendicular to shore GL Aug-96 18:35 22-Aug-96 7:45 13:10 sinking net, 12 to 32 m in depth MT Aug-96 12:03 22-Aug-96 17:54 29:51 lake, south side of island, granite 2 m MT Aug-96 13:05 22-Aug-96 18:55 29:50 lake, sandy beach area near log MT Aug-96 15:45 22-Aug-96 13:45 22:00 inlet stream (A) MT Aug-96 16:50 22-Aug-96 16:15 23:25 inlet stream (B) MT Aug-96 17:07 22-Aug-96 18:15 25:08 inlet stream (D) MT Aug-96 17:25 22-Aug-96 17:20 23:55 inlet stream (C) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 18

25 Table 2: Data for gill netting and minnow trapping in Kumealon Lake. Species are Dolly Varden (DV). CATCH is a count of each species of fish caught in the net or trap. Sum of CATCH SPP METHOD LOCATION DV Total Gill net Floating Sinking 4 4 Gill net Total Minnow trap Lake (2) Stream A 1 1 Stream B 3 3 Stream C 7 7 Stream D 2 2 Minnow trap Total Grand Total Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 19

26 Table 3: Limnology summary for Kumealon Lake, showing the method used and the date and time of each measurement. Due to equipment damage, field ph measurements were not taken and limnological profiles were performed on a separate day, after the YSI 85 was obtained. Field conditions were recorded for the two days of limnology sampling. SEAM #: E Measurement Data Method Date Time bottom depth 180 m X - 16 Sounder 22-Aug-96 11:00 water clarity 7.25 m Secchi disk 22-Aug-96 11:00 ph at surface air temperature wind velocity 5 km/h estimate 22-Aug-96 11:00 wind direction E estimate 22-Aug-96 11:00 surface condition calm estimate 22-Aug-96 11:00 cloud cover 10/10 occluded estimate 22-Aug-96 11:00 water colour brown estimate 22-Aug-96 11:00 weather rain 22-Aug-96 11:00 description water sampling Appendix IV Van Doren bottle 22-Aug-96 11:00 water temperature Table 4, Fig. 6 YSI Sep-96 15:30 dissolved oxygen Table 4, Fig. 6 YSI Sep-96 15:30 conductivity Table 4, Fig. 6 YSI Sep-96 15:30 air temperature 14 o C YSI Sep-96 15:30 wind velocity 3 km/h estimate 23-Sep-96 15:30 wind direction E estimate 23-Sep-96 15:30 surface condition rippled estimate 23-Sep-96 15:30 cloud cover 10/10 occluded estimate 23-Sep-96 15:30 water colour green estimate 23-Sep-96 15:30 weather description overcast 23-Sep-96 15:30 Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 20

27 Table 4: Dissolved oxygen, temperature and conductivity measurements for Kumealon Lake taken at increments from the surface to a depth of 30 m on September 23, SEAM site number is E Depth Dissolved oxygen Temperature Conductivity (m) (mg/l) ( o C) (µmhos/cm) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 21

28 Figure 1: Location of Kumealon Lake on 1: N.T.S. Map 103H/13 Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 22

29 Figure 2: Air photo of Kumealon Lake Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 23

30 Figure 3: Length weight regression for Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake. Figure 4: Length frequency distribution for Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake. Figure 5: Age frequency for Dolly Varden in Kumealon Lake. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 24

31 Figure 6: Limnological profiles for Kumealon Lake. Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 25

32 Photo 1: Upstream view of inlet stream (A), east end of Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #6) Photo 2: Downstream view of inlet stream (A) (Roll 3, #7) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 26

33 Photo 3: View of waterfall at 200 m upstream, inlet (A) (Roll 16, #23) Photo 4 : Upstream view of inlet stream (B) , north side of Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #9) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 27

34 Photo 5: Downstream view of inlet stream (B) (Roll 3, #10) Photo 6 : Upstream view of inlet stream (C) south side of Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #11) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 28

35 Photo 7: Downstream view of inlet stream (C) (Roll 3, #14) Photo 8 : Upstream view of inlet stream (D) north side of Kumealon Lake by cabin (Roll 3, #15) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 29

36 Photo 9: Downstream view of inlet stream (D) (Roll 3, #17) Photo 10 : Aerial view of the west end of Kumealon Lake showing the log jam at the outlet (Roll 16, #20) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 30

37 Photo 11: Aerial view of outlet stream (Kumealon Creek) (Roll 16, #19) Photo 12 : View of the east end of Kumealon Lake from the outlet (Roll 3, #23) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 31

38 Photo 13: View of the west end of Kumealon Lake from stream (D) showing island (Roll 3, #19) Photo 14 : View of the east end of Kumealon Lake showing the camp (Roll 3, #24) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 32

39 Photo 15: View of abandoned cabin on the south side of Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #18) Photo 16 : Dolly Varden from Kumealon Lake (Roll 3, #5) Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 33

40 Appendix I: BATHYMETRIC DATA Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 34

41 Appendix II: STREAM CARDS Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 48

42 Appendix III: RAW CATCH DATA Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 53

43 Appendix IV: WATER SAMPLING REPORT Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 57

44 Appendix V: RAW FIELD NOTES Project 2469, WP T-078 Reconnaissance Level Inventory: Kumealon Lake, Page 60