Technical Support Document Updating Hazardous Air Pollutant Reporting Thresholds

Transcription

1 Bureau of Evaluation and Planning Division of Air Quality New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection P.O. Box 420, Mail Code Trenton, New Jersey June 5 th, 2017

2 As outlined in the Rule Proposal, Air Emission Control and Permitting Exemptions, Hazardous Air Pollutant Reporting Thresholds, and CO2 and NOx Budget Trading Programs, the Department developed updated Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP) reporting thresholds. This document provides a detailed description of this evaluation. The objective of this effort is to establish HAP reporting thresholds for Air Pollution Control Preconstruction Permits and Operating Permits. This ensures that any new or modified source operation under review by the Department would be subject to a health risk assessment if there was the potential for HAP emissions to cause a significant health risk. This methodology is also being used to update the Department s Risk Screening Worksheet and Technical Manual The methodology consists of the following three parts: Part 1: Modeling methodology; Part 2: Processing the modeling results; and Part 3: Identifying proposed threshold values. Part 1: Modeling methodology Dispersion Model The American Meteorological Society/United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Regulatory Model (AERMOD) modeling system (Version 15181) was used for this evaluation. AERMOD is the USEPA preferred model for regulatory modeling applications. AERMOD is a steady-state plume model that incorporates air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of both surface and elevated sources, and both simple and complex terrains. Land Use AERMOD was run in both the rural and urban modes. In the urban mode, a population parameter of 1,000,000 was used. Meteorological Data Meteorological data sets from three different surface National Weather Service stations along with concurrent upper air stations for the years were used. The data sets used were: Newark International Airport, Philadelphia International Airport, and Trenton Mercer Airport. Both the Trenton and Philadelphia data sets used concurrent upper air data from Sterling, Virginia while the Newark site was paired with upper air data from Brookhaven, New York. For a detailed description of the methodology used to compile the meteorological datasets, refer to NJDEP Processed Meteorological Files ( ) for use in AERMOD Dispersion Modeling Analyses dated July, 2015 (available on request). Figure 1 shows the five-year wind roses of the three meteorological stations used. 2

3 Figure 1. Location of Meteorological Stations Showing Five-Year Wind Roses 3

4 Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Hypothetical emission points and structures were entered into the model to represent a range of aerodynamic downwash scenarios for stacks. The stack parameters and emission rates used to generate the normalized air impact values (micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m 3 ) /pound per hour of HAP emitted for short term impacts, µg/m 3 / ton per year of HAP emitted for long term impacts) are listed in Table 1. The stack exit velocity and exit temperature values were selected so that plume rise would be minimal. Emissions were assumed to occur 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. All stacks are located in the middle of the buildings. Table 1. Stack Parameters and Emission Rates Parameter Value Annual Emission Rate 1 ton per year (normalized) 1-Hour Emission Rate 1 pounds per hour (lb/hr) (normalized) Stack Heights 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250 feet (ft) Stack Diameter 1 foot Exit Velocity 0.33 feet per second Exit temperature 80 degrees Fahrenheit ( o F) Building Downwash The building dimensions were selected so that the plume was subjected to aerodynamic downwash in all wind directions. The building dimensions used, including assumed horizontal dimensions, are listed in Table 2. All stacks are below the Good Engineering Practice (GEP) stack height of 2.5 times higher than the building height. For stacks heights of 15 ft and 20 ft, the stack was assumed to be a factor of 1.25 times higher than the building height. For all other stack heights (25 ft through 250 ft), the stack was assumed to be a factor of 1.5 times higher than the building height. For stack heights between 15 and 50 ft, the building s horizontal dimensions were assumed constant at 50 ft. As stack heights increased above 50 ft, the building s horizontal dimensions also increase. The assumed building s horizontal dimensions are also shown in Table 2. The USEPA s Building Profile Input Program (BPIP-PRIME) was used to generate building downwash parameters for input into AERMOD. 4

5 Table 2. Stack Heights and Assumed Building Dimensions Stack Height (ft) Building Height (ft) Building Width and Length (ft) x x x x x x x x x x x 200 Receptor Grid Modeling was performed assuming flat terrain. A polar receptor grid with 864 receptors was used that was centered on the stack (midpoint of the building) with 36 radials spaced every 10 degrees. The spacing of receptors along the radials were as follows: 20 ft, 30 ft, 40 ft, 50 ft, 60 ft, 70 ft, 80 ft, 90 ft, 100 ft, 150 ft, 200 ft, 250 ft, 300 ft, 400 ft, 500 ft, 600 ft, 700 ft, 800 ft, 900 ft, 1000 ft, 1500 ft, 2000 ft, 2500 ft, 3000 ft. Modeling Methodology The AERMOD model was run with USEPA s regulatory default parameters and the parameters discussed above. AERMOD was run to calculate hourly, daily, and annual concentrations. Conversion factors were used to scale the hourly concentrations to longer-term averaging times of 4 hours (0.92), 6 hours (0.87), 7 hours (0.84), 8 hours (0.82), and 24 hours (0.4). Part 2: Processing the modeling results The above modeling methodology resulted in thirty model runs being performed for each of the eleven hypothetical stacks. A total of 855,360 impacts were generated (3 meteorological data sets x 5 years of data x 2 dispersion environments x 846 receptors x 11 stacks x 3 averaging times). Each averaging time generated 285,120 impacts to process. In order to identify the maximum air concentration impact by site, distance, urban or rural setting, averaging time, and stack height, the large data files needed to be reformatted. Text editing software was used to reformat the raw model data output in order to process the data. After the data was formatted, it was necessary to write custom macros using VBA scripting tools in Microsoft Excel to combine all the output into a master file that could be used to identify the worst-case impact by distance for each stack and generate a lookup table to be used for establishing the reporting thresholds. To identify these impacts, the R statistical software (version 3.3.1) was used to extract the maximum predicted air impact value for each modeled 5

6 distance and stack. For stack heights and distances not explicitly modeled, linear interpolation across stack heights for a specified distance was performed. Using this process, tables of worst-case hourly and annual impacts by stack height and distance were created for stacks from 15 ft to 250 ft and distances from 20 ft to 3,000 ft. This resulted in tables containing 2,550 values. However, for the purpose of setting HAP reporting threshold values, it is expected that the worst-case impacts will occur from shorter stacks at distances closer to property line. Review of the Department s permit database showed that 71% of approximately 27,000 stacks permitted in NJ (not including general permits) are less than 35 ft high. Of these 27,000 stacks, 41% are located 100 ft or less from the facility property line. Based on this analysis, only hourly and annual impacts for stacks less than 35 ft and within 100 ft were considered. Figure 2 illustrates the resulting table of normalized annual impacts. The area bounded by the box represents the subset of values used to establish the HAP reporting thresholds. 6

7 Figure 2. Modeling Results (Annual Concentration Per Ton of HAP Emitted) (a) (a) HAP reporting thresholds to be based on concentrations from stacks less than 35 feet high and within a distance of 100 ft from property line 7

8 Part 3: Identifying proposed threshold values Rather than arbitrarily basing the proposed HAP reporting thresholds on a single stack height/property-line combination, a robust statistical approach was utilized. This approach considered all modeled stack height/propertyline distance combinations predicted for stacks less than 35 ft high and property lines less than 100 ft from the stack. A percentage frequency distribution of the modeled impacts was evaluated. The resulting percentiles represent a conservative concentration that could reasonably be expected to occur for multiple stack property-line combinations. The dataset contained normalized air concentration values for more than 300 combinations of stack heights and receptor distances. To generate the proposed HAP threshold values, the 80 th, 85 th, 90 th, and 98 th percentiles of the modeled annual impacts were calculated. A percentile identifies the normalized air concentration value where the percentage of modeled impacts in the dataset are less than the indicated air concentration value. Figure 3 shows the distribution of modeled normalized annual impacts. The x axis shows the range of the normalized air impact values. The y axis shows the percent occurrence of an annual impact value within the dataset. A normal curve overlays the dataset to illustrate that the dataset is normally distributed. The vertical blue line identifies the 90 th percentile at 45 µg/m 3. This equates to 14 stack/property-line combinations that result in an annual concentration of approximately 45 µg/m 3. Figures 4 through 6 show the combinations of stack height and distances for the 90 th, 85 th, and 80 th percentiles respectively. All data analysis and graphs were generated using R statistical software (version 3.3.1). Each of the considered percentiles are shown in the upper right corner. 8

9 Figure 3. Percentage Frequency Distribution of Normalized Annual Air Concentrations 9

10 Figure 4. Stack Height /Distance to Property Line Combinations at the 90 th Percentile Stack Height Distance Figure 5. Stack Height /Distance to Property Line Combinations at the 85 th Percentile Stack Height Distance

11 Figure 6. Stack Height /Distance to Property Line Combinations at the 80 th Percentile Stack Height Distance Evaluation Methodology Equations 1 and 2 below were used to calculate proposed reporting thresholds for emissions of HAP with available inhalation exposure toxicity data. Both equations were derived from the Department s Technical Manual 1003 Guidance on Risk Assessment for Air Contaminant Emissions ( The normalized annual air impact values (C in the equations) were obtained from Figure 3. The 80 th, 85 th, 90 th, and 98 th normalized annual impact percentiles were used. These percentile impact values represent the concentration from multiple combinations of stack heights and distances to property line that are reasonably expected to occur when one ton per year of a HAP is emitted. Unit risk factors (URF) and reference concentrations (RfC) used in the equations are based on toxicity data from the latest updates of USEPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS, CalEPA Toxicity Criteria Database (oehha.ca.gov/tcdb/index.asp), and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Minimal Risk Levels for Hazardous Substances, (MRLs, Please refer to Appendix C for the URF and the RfC values. Using the normalized annual impacts (C ) and the HAP specific URF or RfC, the equations were used to solve for the emission threshold that would not exceed the Departments risk guidelines (no more than one-in-one million excess cancer risk or a hazard quotient of one). 11

12 Equation 1: QQ = CCCC UUUUUU CC where: Q = maximum annual emission rate, ton/yr CR = cancer risk; assumed to be 1 x 10-6 URF = pollutant-specific inhalation unit risk factor, (µg/m 3 ) -1 C = normalized annual emission rate, (µg/m 3 )/(ton/yr) Equation 2: QQ = RRRRRR CC where: Q = maximum annual emission rate, ton/yr RfC = pollutant-specific reference concentration, µg/m 3 C = normalized annual emission rate, (µg/m 3 )/(ton/yr) Risk Guidelines for the Proposed HAP Reporting Thresholds The Risk Guidelines used in the evaluation are the negligible risk values as listed in Section 5 of Technical Manual The cancer risk guideline is an accumulative cancer risk of less than or equal to one in a million. The noncancer risk guideline is a hazard quotient less than or equal to one. Cancer risk based thresholds were compared to long-term non-cancer risk thresholds for those HAP that have carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic impacts. All selected thresholds were analyzed with the Department s most current Risk Screening Worksheet ( to corroborate that no threshold would show a non-negligible risk for a short-term exposure. The following are principles that have been used to develop the HAP reporting thresholds. 1. The maximum HAP reporting threshold has been established as 2000 pounds per year. This is the current maximum in N.J.A.C. 7:27-8 and -22 and is not being increased even if the risk evaluation conducted demonstrates that a threshold above this level would result in a negligible risk. The 2000 lb/yr is a large emission rate and facilities should continue to list these HAP in their applications so that the Department can verify the emissions were determined correctly and the contaminants are being adequately controlled, as necessary. 12

13 2. No changes are being made to the reporting thresholds for mercury and mercury compounds since this air contaminant is unique and of public concern. Mercury bioaccumulates in the environment, and is regulated by N.J.A.C. 7:27-27 Control and Prohibition of Mercury Emissions. Although the calculated elemental mercury reporting threshold is around 13 pounds per year, its reporting threshold is being maintained at its current level of 2 pounds per year. In addition to health impacts from inhalation, there are health risks from mercury that result from fish ingestion. High levels of mercury in fish result from air deposition of mercury in waterways and bioaccumulation through the aquatic food chain. The Department has issued warnings concerning the ingestion risk of eating certain kinds of fish. The fish ingestion path of exposure was not evaluated in determining HAP reporting thresholds. 3. No changes are being made to the reporting thresholds for lead and lead compounds since this air contaminant is unique and of public concern. Lead is a criteria pollutant under the Federal Clean Air Act and the entire state of New Jersey is in attainment with lead s National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). Increasing lead s reporting threshold to approximately 4.4 pounds per year will make it more difficult to maintain the attainment status. Therefore, its threshold is being maintained at its current level of 2 pounds per year. Also, there continues to be significant exposure to lead from lead paint and old pipes used for drinking water. 4. Only 12 HAP will have reporting thresholds based on short-term toxicity data as these showed a nonnegligible risk for a short-term exposure when compared to long-term values. For some of these 12 HAP, there was no available long-term toxicity data. Please refer to Appendix A for this list. 5. There are 32 HAP with no published toxicity data. The threshold values currently published in N.J.A.C. 7:27-8 and -22 for these HAP will not undergo change, hence these HAP can be found in Table 3 with no applicable change (N/A). Appendix B lists all 32 HAP. 6. Certain HAP, such as arsenic, cadmium, and chromium, are listed as Chemical Compound Classes. These listings are defined as including any unique chemical substance that contains the named chemical (i.e., antimony, arsenic, etc.) as part of that chemical's molecular structure. When a compound or subgroup is individually listed, the reporting threshold for the compound or subgroup takes precedence over the threshold listed for the chemical class. If a compound or subgroup is not individually listed, the chemical group threshold applies to each compound or subgroup included in the chemical group. No compound or subgroup within a chemical group should have a higher reporting threshold than its chemical group. The reporting thresholds for species like arsine, cadmium oxide, 2-ethoxy ethanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and chrysene will be lowered to their corresponding chemical group reporting threshold. 13

14 Listing of HAP Reporting Thresholds Table 3 shows all threshold values calculated for the 80 th, 85 th, 90 th and 98 th percentiles, the proposed values by the Department, and its relative change to the current values in N.J.A.C. 7:27-8 and -22. A total of 106 HAP show a decrease, 15 show an increase, and 48 show no change in threshold value. A total of 19 HAP have their reporting threshold capped at 2000 lb/yr. These numbers do not include chemical groups and their subgroups or species. Table 3. Proposed HAP Reporting Thresholds Cas # Chemical Sub. 8/22 80% Percentile Based Thresholds 85% 90% 98% Proposed Threshold Change Acetaldehyde DOWN Acetamide DOWN Acetonitrile ,000 UP Acetophenone DOWN Acetylaminofluorene (2-) DOWN Acrolein DOWN Acrylamide DOWN Acrylic acid DOWN Acrylonitrile DOWN Allyl chloride DOWN Aminobiphenyl (4-) DOWN Aniline DOWN Anisidine (o-) DOWN Benzene DOWN Benzidine DOWN Benzotrichloride DOWN Benzyl chloride DOWN Biphenyl DOWN Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate DOWN Bis(chloromethyl)ether DOWN Bromoform DOWN Butadiene (1,3-) DOWN Calcium cyanamide 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Captan DOWN Carbaryl 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Carbon disulfide UP Carbon tetrachloride DOWN 14

15 Cas # Chemical Sub. 8/22 80% Percentile Based Thresholds 85% 90% 98% Proposed Threshold Change Carbonyl sulfide 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Catechol 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Chloramben 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Chlordane DOWN Chlorine DOWN Chloroacetic acid 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Chloroacetophenone (2-) DOWN Chlorobenzene SAME Chlorobenzilate DOWN Chloroform DOWN Chloromethyl methyl ether DOWN Chloroprene DOWN Cresols / Cresylic Acid UP o-cresol 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 UP m-cresol 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 UP p-cresol 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 UP Cumene SAME D (2,4-), salts & esters 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A DDE DOWN Diazomethane 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Dibenzofurans 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Dibromo-3-chloropropane (1,2-) DOWN Dibutylphthalate 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Dichlorobenzene (1,4-) DOWN Dichlorobenzidine (3,3'-) DOWN Dichloroethyl ether DOWN Dichloropropene (1,3-) DOWN Dichlorvos DOWN Diethanolamine DOWN Dimethylaniline (N,N-) 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Diethyl sulfate 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Dimethoxybenzidine (3,3-) 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Dimethyl aminoazobenzene (4-) DOWN Dimethyl benzidine (3,3-) 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Dimethyl carbamyl chloride DOWN Dimethyl formamide (N,N-) UP Dimethyl hydrazine (1,1-) DOWN Dimethyl phthalate 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A 15

16 Cas # Chemical Sub. 8/22 80% Percentile Based Thresholds 85% 90% 98% Proposed Threshold Change Dimethyl sulfate DOWN Dinitro-o-cresol (4,6-) 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Dinitrophenol (2,4-) 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Dinitrotoluene (2,4-) DOWN Dioxane (1,4-) DOWN Diphenylhydrazine (1,2-) DOWN Epichlorohydrin DOWN Epoxybutane (1,2-) UP Ethyl acrylate UP Ethyl benzene DOWN Ethyl carbamate DOWN Ethyl chloride SAME Ethylene dibromide DOWN Ethylene dichloride DOWN Ethylene glycol SAME Ethylene imine DOWN Ethylene oxide DOWN Ethylene thiourea DOWN Ethylidene dichloride DOWN Formaldehyde DOWN Heptachlor DOWN Hexachlorobenzene DOWN Hexachlorobutadiene DOWN Hexachlorocyclopentadiene DOWN Hexachloroethane DOWN Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate DOWN Hexamethylphosphoramide 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Hexane (N-) SAME Hydrazine DOWN Hydrochloric acid DOWN Hydrogen fluoride UP Hydroquinone 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Isophorone SAME Lindane DOWN Maleic anhydride DOWN Methanol SAME Methoxychlor 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Methyl bromide DOWN 16

17 Cas # Chemical Sub. 8/22 80% Percentile Based Thresholds 85% 90% 98% Proposed Threshold Change Methyl chloride DOWN Methyl chloroform SAME Methyl hydrazine 12 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 N/A Methyl iodide 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Methyl isobutyl ketone SAME Methyl isocyanate UP Methyl methacrylate SAME Methyl tert butyl ether DOWN Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (4,4'-) DOWN Methylene chloride SAME Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4,4'-) UP Methylenedianiline (4,4-) DOWN Naphthalene DOWN Nitrobenzene DOWN Nitrobiphenyl (4-) 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Nitrophenol (4-) 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Nitropropane (2-) DOWN Nitroso-n-methylurea (N-) DOWN Nitrosodimethylamine (N-) DOWN Nitrosomorpholine (N-) DOWN Parathion 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Pentachloronitrobenzene 60 N/A N/A N/A N/A 60 N/A Pentachlorophenol DOWN Phenol UP Phenylenediamine (p-) 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Phosgene DOWN Phosphine DOWN Phosphorus (white) DOWN Phthalic anhydride DOWN Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) DOWN Propane sultone (1,3-) DOWN Propiolactone (beta-) DOWN Propionaldehyde DOWN Propoxur 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Propylene dichloride DOWN Propylene oxide DOWN Propylenimine (1,2-) 0.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.6 N/A Quinoline DOWN 17

18 Cas # Chemical Sub. 8/22 80% Percentile Based Thresholds 85% 90% 98% Proposed Threshold Change Quinone 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Styrene DOWN Styrene oxide DOWN Tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (2,3,7,8-) 1.2 x x x x x x 10-6 DOWN Tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-) DOWN Tetrachloroethylene DOWN Titanium tetrachloride DOWN Toluene SAME Toluene diamine (2,4-) DOWN Toluene diisocyanate (2,4-) DOWN Toluidine (o-) DOWN Toxaphene DOWN Trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-) DOWN Trichloroethane (1,1,2-) DOWN Trichloroethylene DOWN Trichlorophenol (2,4,5-) 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-) DOWN Triethylamine DOWN Trifluralin DOWN Trimethylpentane (2,2,4-) 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Vinyl acetate UP Vinyl bromide DOWN Vinyl chloride DOWN Vinylidene chloride UP Xylene (m-,o-,p-, or mixed isomers) SAME o-xylenes 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A m-xylenes 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A p-xylenes 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Chemical Compound Classes Antimony Compounds 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Antimony pentafluoride 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Antimony potassium tartrate 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Antimony trioxide DOWN Antimony trisulfide 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Arsenic & inorganic arsenic compounds DOWN Arsine DOWN Beryllium Compounds DOWN 18

19 Cas # Chemical Sub. 8/22 80% Percentile Based Thresholds 85% 90% 98% Proposed Threshold Change Beryllium salts N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Cadmium Compounds DOWN Cadmium oxide 0.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.01 DOWN Chromium compounds 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Hexavalent chromium compounds DOWN Trivalent chromium compounds 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Chromic chloride 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Cobalt metal and compounds DOWN Cobalt carbonyl N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Fluomine N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Coke oven emissions DOWN Cyanide compounds 35 N/A N/A N/A N/A 35 N/A Potassium cyanide 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Sodium cyanide 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Glycol ethers 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Etoxy ethanol SAME Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether DOWN Methoxy ethanol DOWN Lead and compounds SAME Tetraethyl lead 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Tetramethyl lead 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Manganese and compounds DOWN Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese 0.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.6 N/A Mercury compounds 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Mercury (elemental) SAME Mercuric chloride 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Mercuric nitrate 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Phenyl mercuric acetate 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Nickel compounds DOWN Nickel carbonyl 0.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.6 N/A Nickel refinery dust DOWN Nickel subsulfide DOWN Polycyclic organic matter 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Benz(a)anthracene DOWN Benz(c)acridine 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Benzo(a)pyrene DOWN Benzo(b)fluoranthene DOWN Chrysene SAME 19

20 Cas # Chemical Sub. 8/22 80% Percentile Based Thresholds 85% 90% 98% Proposed Threshold Change Dibenz(a,h)anthracene DOWN ,2:7,8-Dibenzopyrene DOWN ,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene DOWN Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene DOWN Selenium and compounds UP Hydrogen selenide SAME Selenium sulfide (mono and di) 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Sodium selenate 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Sodium selenite 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Total dioxin and furans N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 20

21 APPENDIX A List of Reporting Thresholds Based on Short-Term Toxicity Data 21

22 Cas # Chemical Sub. 8/22 80% Percentile Based Thresholds 85% 90% 98% Proposed Threshold Carbon disulfide UP Change Ethyl chloride * SAME Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether DOWN Etoxy ethanol SAME Hydrogen selenide * SAME Manganese and compounds DOWN Methanol SAME Methoxy ethanol DOWN Methyl chloroform SAME Methyl isobutyl ketone * SAME Toluene SAME Trichloroethylene DOWN Carbon disulfide, methanol, methyl chloroform, toluene and trichloroethylene, and HAP in chemical groups like 2- ethoxy ethanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 2-methoxy ethanol, and manganese and compounds showed a non-negligible risk for a short-term exposure even when the threshold values based on long-term exposure were not associated with a non-negligible risk. Consequently, its selected threshold value will be based on short-term toxicity data, as it is a more protective value. HAP identified with an asterisk (*) have no carcinogenic or long-term noncancer toxicity data available, these include; ethyl chloride; hydrogen selenide; and methyl isobutyl ketone. 22

23 APPENDIX B List of HAP with No Published Toxicity Data 23

24 Cas # Chemical Sub. 8/22 80% Percentile Based Thresholds 85% 90% 98% Proposed Threshold Calcium cyanamide 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Carbaryl 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Carbonyl sulfide 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Catechol 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Chloramben 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Chloroacetic acid 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A D (2,4-), salts & esters 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Diazomethane 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Dibenzofurans 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Dibutylphthalate 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Diethyl sulfate 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Dimethoxybenzidine (3,3-) 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Dimethyl benzidine (3,3-) 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Dimethyl phthalate 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Dimethylaniline (N,N-) 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Dinitro-o-cresol (4,6-) 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Dinitrophenol (2,4-) 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Hexamethylphosphoramide 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Hydroquinone 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Methoxychlor 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Methyl hydrazine 12 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 N/A Methyl iodide 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Nitrobiphenyl (4-) 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Nitrophenol (4-) 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Parathion 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 N/A Pentachloronitrobenzene 60 N/A N/A N/A N/A 60 N/A Phenylenediamine (p-) 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Propoxur 2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2000 N/A Propylenimine (1,2-) 0.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.6 N/A Quinone 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A Trichlorophenol (2,4,5-) 200 N/A N/A N/A N/A 200 N/A Change Trimethylpentane (2,2,4-) 1000 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1000 N/A 24

25 APPENDIX C Toxicity Values for Inhalation Exposure May

26 H A P CAS No. Air Toxic Refe- Unit Risk Factor (URF) Benchmark Concentration Cancer Class URF rence Concentration (RfC) RfC Short- Term RfC Averaging Time [/(ug/m 3 )] (ug/m 3 ) USEPA IARC Source (ug/m 3 ) Source (ug/m 3 ) (Hr) Short- Term RfC Source 1 ** Acenaphthalene 1.1E E-01 N&L PAH 2 ** Acenaphthene 1.1E E-01 3 N&L PAH 3 * Acetaldehyde 2.2E E-01 B2 2B IRIS 9 IRIS Cal 14 4 * Acetamide 2.0E E-02 2B Cal Acetone ATSDR ATSDR See Notes 1 & Acetone cyanohydrin 2 USEPA 14 7 * Acetonitrile 60 IRIS Comment 8 * Acetophenone 0.02 HEAST 92 9 * Acetylaminofluorene (2-) 1.3E E-04 Cal 15b 10 * Acrolein 0.02 IRIS Cal * Acrylamide 1.0E E-02 B2 2A IRIS 6 IRIS 12 * Acrylic acid 1 IRIS Cal * Acrylonitrile 6.8E E-02 B1 2B IRIS 2 IRIS Aldrin 4.9E E-04 B2 3 IRIS 15 * Allyl chloride 6.0E E-01 C 3 Cal 11 1 IRIS Aminoanthraquinone (2-) 9.4E E-01 3 Cal * Aminobiphenyl (4-) 6.0E E-04 1 Cal 15b Ammonia 100 IRIS Cal * Aniline 1.6E E-01 B2 3 Cal 11 1 IRIS AEGL See Note * Anisidine (o-) 4.0E E-02 2B Cal 15b 21 ** Anthracene 1.1E E-02 3 N&L PAH 22 ** Antimony trioxide 0.2 IRIS Aramite 7.1E E-01 B2 2B IRIS 24 * Arsenic (inorganic) 4.3E E-04 A 1 IRIS Cal Cal 14 RfC does not apply to arsine. 25 ** Arsine 0.05 IRIS 26 * Asbestos 7.7E E-04 A 1 IRIS See Note Azobenzene 3.1E E-02 B2 3 IRIS 28 Barium HEAST ** Benz(a)anthracene 1.1E E-03 B2 2B Cal 11 PAH 30 * Benzene 7.8E E-01 A 1 IRIS 3 Cal Cal * Benzidine 6.7E E-05 A 1 IRIS 32 ** Benzo(a)pyrene 1.1E E-04 B2 1 Cal 11 See Note ** Benzo(b)fluoranthene 1.1E E-03 B2 2B Cal 11 PAH 34 ** Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 1.1E E-02 3 N&L PAH 35 ** Benzo(j)fluoranthene 1.1E E-03 2B Cal 11 PAH 36 ** Benzo(k)fluoranthene 1.1E E-03 B2 2B Cal 11 PAH 37 * Benzotrichloride 3.7E E-04 B2 2A IRIS (oral) URF is based on converted oral data. 38 * Benzyl chloride 4.9E E-02 B2 2A Cal Cal 14 Chloromethylbenzene 39 * Beryllium 2.4E E-04 B2 1 IRIS 0.02 IRIS 40 * Biphenyl (1,1-) 0.4 USEPA Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether 1.0E E-01 C 3 HEAST * Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 2.4E E-01 B2 2B Cal 11 DEHP, diethylhexyl phthalate 43 * Bis(chloromethyl)ether 6.2E E-05 A 1 IRIS Boron (elemental) 20 HEAST Boron trifluoride 0.7 HEAST Bromochloromethane 40 USEPA 14 Chlorobromomethane Bromodichloromethane 3.7E E-02 2B Cal 15b 48 * Bromoform 1.1E E-01 B2 3 IRIS 49 * Butadiene (1,3-) 3.0E E-02 B2 1 IRIS 2 IRIS Cal * Cadmium 4.2E E-04 B1 1 Cal Cal Caprolactam 2.2 Cal Cal * Captan 6.6E E+00 B2 3 Cal 15b 53 * Carbon disulfide 700 IRIS Cal Carbon monoxide Cal * Carbon tetrachloride 6.0E E-01 B2 2B IRIS 40 Cal Cal * Chlordane (technical) 1.0E E-02 B2 2B IRIS 0.7 IRIS Also CAS Chlorinated paraffins 2.0E E-02 2B Cal * Chlorine 0.2 Cal Cal Chlorine dioxide 0.2 IRIS 28 8 NJDEP 02a Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (1-) IRIS HCFC-142b 61 * Chloroacetophenone (2-) 0.03 IRIS 62 * Chlorobenzene 1000 Cal * Chlorobenzilate 3.1E E-02 B2 3 Cal 15b Ethyl-4,4 -dichlorobenzilate Chlorodifluoromethane IRIS HCFC * Chloroform 2.3E E-02 B2 2B IRIS 300 Cal Cal * Chloromethyl methyl ether 6.9E E-03 A 1 Cal 15b Chloro-o-phenylenediamine (4-) 4.6E E-01 2B Cal Chloro-o-toluidine (p-) 7.7E E-02 2A Cal Chloropicrin 0.4 Cal Cal * Chloroprene 5.0E E-03 2B IRIS 20 IRIS 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene Chloropropane (2-) 100 HEAST ** Chromic acid mists (Cr VI) IRIS 73 ** Chromium VI 1.2E E-05 A 1 IRIS 26

27 H A P CAS No. Air Toxic Refe- Unit Risk Factor (URF) Benchmark Concentration Cancer Class URF rence Concentration (RfC) RfC Short- Term RfC Averaging Time [/(ug/m 3 )] (ug/m 3 ) USEPA IARC Source (ug/m 3 ) Source (ug/m 3 ) (Hr) Short- Term RfC Source 74 ** Chromium VI dissolved aerosols IRIS 75 ** Chromium VI particulates 0.1 IRIS 76 ** Chrysene 1.1E E-02 B2 2B Cal 11 PAH 77 ** Cobalt 9.0E E-04 2B USEPA USEPA * Coke oven emissions 6.2E E-03 A 1 IRIS 79 Copper and compounds Cal Cresidine (p-) 4.3E E-02 2B Cal 11 Comment 81 * Cresol mixtures 600 Cal * Cumene 2B 400 IRIS Cupferron 6.3E E-02 Cal Cyclohexane IRIS 85 * DDE 9.7E E-02 B2 Cal 15b DDT 9.7E E-02 B2 2B IRIS Diaminoanisole (2,4-) 6.6E E-01 2B Cal ** Dibenz(a,h)acridene 1.1E E-03 2B Cal 11 PAH 89 ** Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 1.2E E-04 B2 2A Cal 11 PAH 90 ** Dibenz(a,j)acridene 1.1E E-03 2A Cal 11 PAH 91 ** Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene 1.1E E-04 3 Cal 11 PAH 92 ** Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene 1.1E E-05 2B Cal 11 PAH 93 ** Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene 1.1E E-05 2B Cal 11 PAH 94 ** Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene 1.1E E-05 2A Cal 11 PAH 95 ** Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole (7H-) 1.1E E-04 2B Cal 11 PAH Dibromochloromethane 2.7E E-02 3 USEPA 14 Chlorodibromomethane 97 * Dibromo-3-chloropropane (1,2-) 2.0E E-04 B2 2B Cal IRIS Dichloro-2-butene (1,4-) 4.2E E-04 B2 USEPA Dichlorobenzene (1,2-) 200 HEAST 97 o-dichlorobenzene 100 * Dichlorobenzene (1,4-) 1.1E E-02 C 2B Cal IRIS p-dichlorobenzene 101 * Dichlorobenzidine (3,3'-) 3.4E E-03 B2 2B Cal Dichlorodifluoromethane 100 USEPA * Dichloroethyl ether 3.3E E-03 B2 3 IRIS Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 104 * Dichloropropene (1,3-) 4.0E E-01 B2 2B IRIS 20 IRIS 105 * Dichlorvos 8.3E E-02 B2 2B Cal 15b 0.5 IRIS Dicyclopentadiene 0.3 USEPA Dieldrin 4.6E E-04 B2 3 IRIS 108 Diesel engine emissions 1 5 IRIS 109 Diesel exhaust particulate 3.0E E-03 1 Cal * Diethanolamine 2B 3 Cal ** Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 0.1 USEPA Difluoroethane (1,1-) IRIS HCFC-152a 113 * Dimethyl sulfate 4.0E E-04 B2 2A Cal * Dimethylaminoazobenzene (4-) 1.3E E-04 2B Cal ** Dimethylbenzanthracene (7,12-) 7.1E E-05 Cal 11 PAH 116 * Dimethylcarbamyl chloride 3.7E E-04 2A Cal 15b 117 * Dimethylformamide (N,N-) 30 IRIS 118 * Dimethylhydrazine (1,1-) USEPA Dimethylhydrazine (1,2-) 1.6E E-06 B2 2A Cal 15b 120 ** Dinitropyrene (1,6-) 1.1E E-05 2B Cal 11 PAH 121 ** Dinitropyrene (1,8-) 1.1E E-04 2B Cal 11 PAH 122 * Dinitrotoluene (2,4-) 8.9E E-02 B2 2B Cal * Dioxane (1,4-) 5.0E E-01 B2 2B IRIS 30 IRIS Cal * Diphenylhydrazine (1,2-) 2.2E E-03 B2 IRIS 125 * Epichlorohydrin 1.2E E-01 B2 2A IRIS 1 IRIS Cal * Epoxybutane (1,2-) 20 IRIS 127 * Ethyl acrylate B2 2B 8 USEPA * Ethyl carbamate 2.9E E-03 2B Cal 11 Urethane 129 * Ethyl chloride IRIS Chloroethane 130 * Ethylbenzene 2.5E E-01 2B Cal IRIS 131 * Ethylene dibromide 6.0E E-03 B2 2A IRIS 0.8 Cal 14 1,2-Dibromoethane 132 * Ethylene dichloride 2.6E E-02 B2 2B IRIS 400 Cal 14 1,2-Dichloroethane 133 * Ethylene glycol 400 Cal Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 1600 IRIS Cal 14 EGBE; 2-Butoxyethanol 135 ** Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether 200 IRIS Cal 14 2-Ethoxyethanol 136 ** Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate 300 Cal Cal ** Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 20 IRIS 93 1 Cal 14 2-Methoxyethanol 138 ** Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 90 Cal * Ethylene oxide 3.0E E-04 A 1 IRIS 30 Cal USEPA * Ethylene thiourea 1.3E E-02 B2 3 Cal * Ethyleneimine 1.9E E-05 2B Cal 15b Aziridine 142 * Ethylidene dichloride 1.6E E-01 C Cal HEAST 97 1,1-Dichloroethane 143 ** Fluoranthene 1.1E E-01 3 N&L PAH 144 ** Fluorene 1.1E E-01 3 N&L PAH Fluoride 13 Cal * Formaldehyde 1.3E E-02 A 1 IRIS 9 Cal Cal 14 27

28 H A P CAS No. Air Toxic Refe- Unit Risk Factor (URF) Benchmark Concentration Cancer Class URF rence Concentration (RfC) RfC Short- Term RfC Averaging Time [/(ug/m 3 )] (ug/m 3 ) USEPA IARC Source (ug/m 3 ) Source (ug/m 3 ) (Hr) Comment Furfural 50 HEAST Gasoline vapors/exhaust 1.0E E+00 1 NE NE Glutaraldehyde 0.08 Cal Glycidaldehyde 1 HEAST * Heptachlor 1.3E E-04 B2 2B IRIS Heptachlor epoxide 2.6E E-04 B2 2B IRIS 153 * Hexachlorobenzene 4.6E E-03 B2 2B IRIS 154 * Hexachlorobutadiene 2.2E E-02 C 3 IRIS 155 ** Hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-) 1.8E E-04 B2 2B IRIS 156 ** Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-) 5.3E E-03 C 2B IRIS 157 * Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-) 3.1E E-03 2B Cal 11 Lindane 158 ** Hexachlorocyclohexanes 5.1E E-03 B2 2B IRIS Technical grade 159 * Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 0.2 IRIS Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, mixture 1.3E E-07 B2 3 IRIS 161 * Hexachloroethane 1.1E E-02 C 2B Cal 15b 30 IRIS 162 * Hexamethylene diisocyanate 0.01 IRIS 163 * Hexane (n-) 700 IRIS 164 * Hydrazine 4.9E E-04 B2 2B IRIS 0.2 Cal AEGL See Note Hydrazine sulfate 4.9E E-04 B2 IRIS 166 * Hydrogen chloride 20 IRIS Cal 14 Hydrochloric acid 167 ** Hydrogen cyanide 0.8 IRIS Cal * Hydrogen fluoride 14 Cal Cal ** Hydrogen selenide 5 1 Cal 14 Selenium compound Hydrogen sulfide 2 IRIS 42 1 Cal ** Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 1.1E E-03 B2 2B Cal 11 PAH 172 * Isophorone 2000 Cal Isopropanol Cal * Lead 1.2E E-02 B2 2B Cal NJDEP 02b 175 * Maleic anhydride 0.7 Cal * Manganese and compounds 0.05 IRIS Cal * Mercury (elemental) 0.3 IRIS 178 * Mercury (inorganic) 0.03 Cal Cal Methacrylonitrile 0.7 HEAST * Methanol 4000 Cal Cal * Methyl bromide 5 IRIS Cal 14 Bromomethane 182 * Methyl chloride 1.8E E-01 3 HEAST IRIS Chloromethane 183 * Methyl chloroform 1000 Cal IRIS 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Methyl ethyl ketone 5000 IRIS Cal 14 MEK 185 * Methyl isobutyl ketone 2B IRIS MIBK 186 * Methyl isocyanate 1 Cal * Methyl methacrylate 700 IRIS Methyl styrene (mixed isomers) 40 HEAST * Methyl tert-butyl ether 2.6E E+00 3 Cal IRIS MTBE 190 ** Methylcholanthrene (3-) 6.3E E-04 Cal 11 PAH 191 ** Methylchrysene (5-) 1.1E E-04 2B Cal 11 PAH Methylcyclohexane 3000 HEAST * Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (4,4-) 4.3E E-03 B2 1 Cal * Methylene chloride 1.3E E+01 B2 2A IRIS 600 IRIS Cal 14 Dichloromethane 195 * Methylenedianiline (4,4'-) 4.6E E-03 2B Cal Cal * Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4,4'-) 0.6 IRIS 197 * Methylhydrazine 1.0E E-03 USEPA USEPA ** Methylnaphthalene (2-) 1.1E E-01 N&L PAH Michler's ketone 2.5E E-03 2B Cal * Mineral fibers (<1% free silica) 24 Cal 05 See Note ** Naphthalene 3.4E E-02 C 2B Cal 11 3 IRIS PAH 202 * Nickel and compounds Cal Cal 14 RfC does not apply to nickel oxide. 203 ** Nickel oxide 0.02 Cal ** Nickel refinery dust 2.4E E-03 A 1 IRIS 205 ** Nickel soluble salts 0.2 TERA 99 See Note ** Nickel subsulfide 4.8E E-03 A 1 IRIS Nitric acid 86 1 Cal ** Nitroacenaphthene (5-) 3.7E E-02 2B Cal 11 PAH Nitroaniline (o-) 0.05 USEPA 14 2-Nitroaniline 210 * Nitrobenzene 4.0E E-02 2B IRIS 9 IRIS 211 ** Nitrochrysene (6-) 1.1E E-05 2A Cal 11 PAH 212 ** Nitrofluorene (2-) 1.1E E-02 2B Cal 11 PAH Nitrogen dioxide Cal * Nitropropane (2-) 2.7E E-04 B2 2B HEAST IRIS 215 ** Nitropyrene (1-) 1.1E E-03 2A Cal 11 PAH 216 ** Nitropyrene (4-) 1.1E E-03 2B Cal 11 PAH Nitrosodiethylamine (N-) 4.3E E-05 B2 2A IRIS 218 * Nitrosodimethylamine (N-) 1.4E E-05 B2 2A IRIS Nitrosodi-n-butylamine (N-) 1.6E E-04 B2 2B IRIS Short- Term RfC Source 28