The Crusades: a religious war between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land.

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Letitia Gibbs
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1 Year 7 OAJW: Must Know Castles over time Topic 3: The Development of Castles The introduction of castles into England and Wales: o The Normans built castles after Hastings in order to keep control and project power over the English. o Previously there had been Iron Age hill forts and later on Saxon burhs. These were built in towns, such as Bath, Exeter, Southampton, and were characterised by the owners being amongst the people. o The new Norman castles were either built in places with Saxon burhs or areas of importance. o They allowed the Normans to dominate over 2 million English. o They controlled the local area and provided a defensive base for the important Norman cavalry. o They were built on the border with Wales and on the coast to guard against attacks from Scotland or Denmark. Securing the conquest after 1066 o Rebellions across the country [ ] in the North, William destroyed homes, crops, animals and people. This cruelty was called the Harrying of the North and was used to scare the population into being loyal to William. o The Feudal System this helped William control the country and ensure the support of his barons, knights and peasants. It did this by granting land in exchange for loyalty. This worked by giving land down from King lords/barons knights peasants/villeins, in exchange for services or goods. o Domesday Book [1085] William improved the effectiveness of taxation, by surveying the value of the country. This provided money for the defence of England from potential invaders, e.g. the Danes. Castle types: o Motte & bailey castles [ ]: Made of wood and quick to build, these simple designs had a motte [mound of earth] with a tower on the top. The bailey was a fenced in area at the bottom for storage and accommodation. These were the first castles built by the Normans in England to quickly secure the country. o Stone keep castles [ ]: these evolved from earlier wooden design to create stronger, more permanent fortification. The keep was the tower at the centre of the castle. They represented the strength of the new Norman lords, but were more expensive and took longer to build. o Concentric [circular] design [ ]: as corners presented a weakness to attackers, circular design helped overcome this. This design was introduced into England because of people fighting in the Crusades. As well as having circular towers, they also had a second curtain wall, which made the concentric castle and extremely expensive/time consuming castle to build, but also the strongest. o From fortress to home [1500-]: as England became safer in the 1500s and gunpowder reduced the value of castles defensively, they started to become homes designed to show wealth. Castle features: o Curtain wall defensive wall surrounding the bailey. Often with walkway on top [battlements]. o Arrow loops slits to allow arrows or crossbow bolts to be fired out from the castle. o Crenellations gaps in the wall on a battlement to allow arrows or missiles to be fired. o Moat defensive ditch with steep sides. They can be dry or filled with water. Key Terms I must know: Rebellion: a group of people who fight or protest, normally against the ruler. Artillery: cannon or other large guns capable of firing over a large distance. Siege: a situation where a group of soldiers try to capture a town or castle. The defenders try to stop the attackers getting in. The Crusades: a religious war between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land. Trebuchet: a weapon capable of firing rocks, rotting animals and even corpses. They were used against a castle wall. Domesday Book: a manuscript that recorded the property, its owner, value, goods, of England for taxation. Tower of London: also known as the Tower. A stone square keep castle built by William in the capital and controls the traffic on the River Thames. Feudal system: a system of dividing up land in return for offering to fight or provide a service for their lord. Villein: a villager who was not free and had to work on the lord s land for a number of days every week without pay.

2 1. Rural means countryside and urban means city 2. Settlements are places where people live. They can be formal or informal and temporary or permanent. Year 7 Settlements 4. Settlement sites were chosen by our ancestors by considering whether there were fresh water sources, woodlands, flat land, hills and fertile land nearby. These provided the necessities for life. 6. Land use models The Burgess Model: The Hoyt Model: 3. A settlement hierarchy is where settlements are ordered in terms of population and size. The number and importance of services increases as you move up the hierarchy. Services only found in cities: airport Services found in hamlets: post boxes 5. Land use in Bristol Bristol would have begun as a small, rural settlement based around agriculture before becoming a large, industrial port. 7. Future of Bristol Bristol moved away from its industrial past and its land use now reflects jobs in the services sector

3 Component of Fitness Muscular Endurance Body Compositions Flexibility Strength Cardiovascular Fitness Agility Balance Speed Coordination Definition What does it mean? A measure of the length of time your voluntary muscles can contract without getting tired. This can be repeated muscle contractions, or one contraction held for a long period of time. A measure of the percentage of fat, muscle, bone, water and vital organs that make up your body weight. The ability of your joints to move through their full range of movement. The amount of force a muscle can generate when it contracts to overcome a resistance. A measure of how efficiently your body can deliver oxygen and nutrients, such as glucose to your working muscles during exercise and also carry away waste products such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid. A measure of how quickly you can change the position of your body, while keeping your entire body under control. Your ability to keep your body steady both when in a static position and when moving. The rate at which your body, or part of your body, is able to perform a movement. The ability to move two or more body parts together, accurately and smoothly. Sporting examples Rower, cyclist Gymnastics, jockey, boxer, rugby, sumo wrestler Gymnastics, hurdles Weight lifter, rugby, gymnastics Marathon runner, any games player Footballer, rugby, basketball, badminton Gymnastics, basketball, rugby 100m sprinter, boxer, table tennis Cricket, tennis Power The ability to combine strength with speed to perform a strong muscular contraction very quickly. Long jump, Shot put, rugby, basketball Reaction Time The amount of time it takes you to respond to a stimulus. 100m sprinter, cricket player, badminton

4 Year 7 Knowledge Organiser RS Term 3-4 What does it mean to be a Christian? Part 1.

5 Year 7 Knowledge Organiser RS Term 3-4 What does it mean to be a Christian? Part 2.

6 ASIGNATURAS - SUBJECTS Estudio Las ciencias El dibujo La educación física El español El francés El alemán La geografíá La historia La informática El inglés Las matemáticas La música La religion El teatro La tecnología DIAS DE LA SEMANA DAYS OF THE WEEK Lunes Martes Miércoles Jueves Viernes Sábado domingo I study Science Art PE Spanish French German Geography History ICT English Maths Music RE Drama Technology Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday OPINIONES - OPINIONS Cómo es? Cómo son? Me gusta Me gusta mucho No me gusta No me gusta nada Porque es Porque no es Interesante Divertido/a Aburrido/a Difícil Fácil Importante Práctico/a Útil Paciente Raro/a Severo/a Antiguo/a Bonito/a Bueno/a Feo/a Moderno/a Pequeño/a What is it like? What are they like? I like I really like I don t like I really don t like Because it is Because it isn t Interesting Fun/amusing Boring Difficult Easy Important Practical Useful Patient Odd Strict Old Pretty Good Ugly Modern Small KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER Y7 TERM 3 MI INSTITUTO LAS INSTALACIONES - FACILITIES En mi insti hay Un campo de fútbol Un comedor Un gimnasio Un patio Una biblioteca Una clase de informática Una piscina Unos laboratorios Unas clases WORDS TO INCLUDE IN YOUR SPEAKING AND WRITING Donde O Pero También Tampoco Primero Luego Normalmente A veces In my school there is A football pitch A dining hall A gymnasium A playground A library A computer room A swimming pool Some laboratories Some classrooms Where Or But Also Neither/nor First Then Normally Sometimes

History Year 7 Home Learning Task. Designing, Attacking and Defending a Castle

. History Year 7 Home Learning Task Designing, Attacking and Defending a Castle Name: Tutor Group: Teacher: Given out: Monday 5 March Hand in: Monday 12 March Parent/Carer Comment: Staff Comment: Enc: