m CHAPTER - VI m m WELFARE PROGRAMMES OF m m AGNIKULA KSHATRIYAS rn

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1 m m m CHAPTER - VI m m m m m m WELFARE PROGRAMMES OF m m m m AGNIKULA KSHATRIYAS rn m m m m r n r n m m m m m r n m r n m m ~ ~

2 This chapter mainly deals with t+e detailed study of the welfare programmes of this fishermen communitv. These people belong to 'A' category of backward community in the State of Andhta Pradesh. Their main traditional accupation is fishing particularly in coastal area. After the independence same of the families of this community throughout the coastal region migrated to nearby urban centres and adopted some new type of occupations such as goldsmith, agriculture and a few of them engaged in masonry work and also as farm labourers, All these changes are due ta impact of industrialisation of nearby, urban centres.

3 Several welfare programmes have ken provided by both Central and State Governments in order to develop the fishiculture in our country. There i5 the need to improve the lot of fishermen has been always kept in the forefront. Efforts have been made to improve their social and economic conditions. Towards this end, the Government of Tamil Nadu and Maharastra have established a large number of cooperative satieties for fishermen. Cooperative In Bombay State A cooperative organisation in the State of Maharastra now directly mar1%ets, on an average, over Rs.8.00 lakhs worth of fish per annum. W i t h the aid of subsidies and loans from the Government, fishermen and their cooperative societies have been able to procure new modernised boats, engines for their mechanisation and ice and cold storage plant, The Satpati Fishermen's multipurpose cooperative society maintains a provisional store, run8 a bus service between the fishing village and the railway station and owns its fish transport truck. Besides, it manages an ice and cold storage plant. A boat building yard has alao been established at Sawati for the construction of fishing craft. Aa a result, the fishers haw gained confidence in themselves and their social and economic conditions have improved considerably.

4 At present4 in Madras there are 263 cooperative societies for fishermen with 32# 000 members and a paid-up share capital of about Rs, 7.00 lakhs. Elimination of middleman In Orissa, marketing worth about Rs lakhs is done through cooperatives. This has eliminated the middle= men who took away the major portion of the prof its. Besides loans are granted to pond owners for redamation and fish culture. Cooperative central marketinq organisation About half the number of fishing villages in Saurastre have adopted the cooperative system. It is prposed to organlse a cooperative central fish marketing organisation in this area, A number of cooperative societies are functioning effectively in the State of Andhra Pradesh and Travancore (Cochin). Similar societies are also working in other States of India. Norweaian pro Iect Further, in Travancore (Cachin) a pilot project was undertaken with Norwegian Aid near duilon at a cost of about B lakhs. It aimed at the all round improvemclnt of the

5 fishing community. Under this project, two health centres were opened for bettering the health of the fishermen and their families. improving the water supply. Education of fishermen Besides, arrangements were also made for Efforts are made to provide facilities for the educe tion of fishermen's children. In Madras, there are 64 schools where fishermen's children receive free education with a fishery bias. books and stationary free of cost. The children are also provided with about 10 schools for fishermen's children. Smplies and services In Bombay, there are Moreover, to promote the welfare of fishermen, a pr* vision of b lakhs was made in the First Plan for the distribution of supplies among them and subsidising cost on items of equipment and other fishery requisites, The Government8 of Maharastra and Tamil Nadu subsidise supplies such as salt, yarn etc. Tamil Nadu spent an amount of b.8.00 lakhs during on the sale of salt to the fish curing yards at concessional rates. A sum of about R lakhs has been provided for the rupply of fishery requisitm~ in the Second Plan.... *FISHERIES ' 1957', The Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, Delhi-8, pp.18-19,

6 Out of a sum of B.10 crore for the f isherien development schemes of the State Governments in the Second Five Year Plan a) Fish fanning and demonstration m 19.2 per cent b) Improvement and mechanisation of fishing craft per cent C) Development of fishing harbours 10.9 per cent 8) Supply of fishery requisites a 7.9 per cent e) Fishermen - Cooperatives * 7.6 per cent E) Intensive seed collection and distribution = 6.7 per cent g) Ice and cold storage facilities a 3.6 per cent h) Transport f ac ilities r 5.9 per cent i) Administration and field staff etc. = 1.6percent j) Other schemes like reclamation, development in lakes and research eunrev and atatistics etc. a 21.1 per cent SOURCE: FISHERIES, 1957, The Publication Divirion, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govermnt of India, Delhi - 8, p.20.

7 Expenditure on the different Central Fishery Schemes in the Second Five Year Plan Name of the scheme Expenditure in lakhr of rupees , Central Marine Fisheries Research Station 2. Central Inland Fisheries Research Station 3, Central off -shore fishing station 4, Fisheries technological station 5. Training , Extension Fish transport by rail Fish harbours Central staff Aid to State scheme8 for research and demonstration Total

8 Welfare proarammes of Aunikuls Kshatriyas (Andhra Pradesh) The Government of Andhra Pradesh is the main agency for the development of fisheries in the State. It indicatee guideline for plan scheme and also gives some financial assistance of few central and centrally sponsored schemes. The Fieheries Department was attached to the Agricultural Department until It was only in December 1959 it attained an independent status with a separate Director of Fisheries under the Administrative control of the Secretary to the Governvent, Forest and Rural Development Department. Orqanisatlon and control A t the State headquarters, the Director of Fisheries is assisted by an additional Deputy Director (Planning), one Marketing Off icar, one Personnel Assistant, one Assistant Director (Lakes and Reservoirs), one Statistical Off icer, one Deputy Registrar of cooperative soe ietiss, one Accounts Officer and two Gazetted Assistants, one (Mannuall and other (Planning), For purpose of Adminiatre tion the State was divided into six zoms, namely Nizamabad, Warangal, Kurnool, Visakapatnam, Kakinada a d Quntur. the zonal level a Deputy Director of Fisheries is ported for effective coordination and supervision of the activities, entrusted to the various Assistant Directors of At

9 Fisheries in the Zonal Districts. At the Dirtrict level each Assistant Director is arsisted by a number of administrative and technical staff. Besides the above there are Inspectors of Fisheries working as Fisheries Exteneion Officers in 51 selected Blocks in the State. Education and trainina in f isheriss The success of mechanisation programme hinges upon the knowledge of fishermen to use modern equipment. The Traib ing Centre at Kakinada in East Godavari District is imparting training to fishermen since Fishermen with basic practical knowledge of Marine Fishing are recruited for Training in the general principles of Navigation, Seamanship (steamer) and improved methods of fishing especially with travel nets. This course is of 6 months duration and the trainees are being given a stipend of %.75/- per month. So far 691 fisher boys ware given training. There is another Inland Fisheries Training Institute of Warangal established in the year 1970 to impart training to Inland Fiehermen of Telangana area in both culture and capture of fisheries, Every year 120 candidates are trained at the rate of 40 for each batch, the duration of training being 3 months and the trainees are being given a stipend of Rs.601- p.m. Candidate trained in this Inrtitub ir also given subridised nylon at the rate of 5 kgr. per head after

10 cornpl~tion of the training. The number of candidates trained for a batch are 80 since Another Inland Fisheries Training Institute is now functioning at Kurnool to cater the needs of Rayalaseema region, In addition to these training facilities, the Fisheries Department would also be sponsoring candidate8 for training in fishing. Second hand course is conducted by the Central Institute of Fisheries Cooperatives, Madras and for training in Inland Fisheries extension Technique and methods is given at the Central Fisheries Extension training centre at Hyderabad. Welfare schemes The Table 42 shows the attitude of the respondents towards the Government welfare schemes, Among the total respondents nearly three fourths of them (73.75 ) expressed their satisfaction towards the welfare schemes, whereas the remaining 26.3 per cent were not satisfied, Among the urban respondents per cent of the Pattapus and per cent of Pallies were satisfied, while per cent of the Pattapus and 31,67 per cant of the Pallies expressed their dis-satisf action.

11 +-muw - r ncci cuae cowaraa cne uovernmcnc welfare schemes at Pattapus and Pallies Satisf ac- Not Area Caste tian satisf ac- Total tion -o~~~o-o--~---~~~-----i.-----o-ii~~~i-~~~.~~-~~o~-~ Urban P attapus (62.50) (37.50) (100.00) Pallies (68.33) (31.67) (100.00) Rural Pa ttapus (95.00) (15.00) (100.00) Total (73,751 (26.25) (100.00) NOTE1 Number in peranthesis indk? at@ the percentages. Category x2 ~ a l x2 tab at 5 per cent level P attapus 55.70** Pallies 3.64N. S ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ " ~ - - ~ - ~ - ~ ~ ~ - ** Significant at 5 per cent level and 1 pcr cent level N. S = Not signif icant.

12 Among the rural respondents per cent of the Pattapus and per cent of the Pallies were saticc f ied. whereas per cent of the Pallies and per cent of the Pallies were not satisfied. This clearly indicates that majority of the respon- dents both in rural and urban areas were satisfied with the Government welfare schemes. The above findings are statistically significant (1 per cent) level. 2 The X test also shows that there is significant rela- tion between attitude towards Gwernment welfare schemes of Pattapus and among rural and urban areas, whereas it is not significant in the case of Pallies. - Socio-economic condi tian of the fisher folk The Fisher-folk in the State of Andhra Pradesh can broadly be classified into Inland and Marine Fishemen. Inland Fishermen live in villages and/or most of them fishing constitu*~ only a subsidiary occupation. men in Coastal areas are engaged in fishing either in fresh water resources, esturine or marine waters of the State. The fishermen livinq in the villages face many difficulties in transporting fish market their fish and thus earn their livelihood, are density population. facilities for their habitation, Fishe~ A t present the existing area There are? no proper housing

13 There are no proper housing facilities for their living. Illiteracy is widely prevalent among the fisher-folk. As a result* the State Government has taken action on this aspect in the year For opening of Ashram schools for the benefit of the children. Tribal leadership still exists among the fishermen. Fishermen are industrious. They attend to household affairs and market the fish in the nearby market. The fishermen soon after landing at the shore handover the catch to his wife or auction it to the highest bidder. At some of the landing places of the fishing villages the fishermen auction their fish. Sometimes delay is caused in transporting the fish due to inadequate transport facilities. So they are compelled to sell the fish at the marketing centre at a cheap rate. In the village itself a large part of the catch is dried-up as they cannot carry all the catch to the market. The changing weather conditions cause great variations in size and compositlon of the catch due to which the price also fluctuates. The local fish merchants are financed by the Commission agents of the nearby towns to whom the fish catch are delivered in fresh or dried conditions. As the market rate is kept very low it is the commission agent in the town who gets the maximwn prof itr while the fishermen is at a loss. In order to improve the living conditions of fishermen the Government has established a cooperative society.

14 -- Fishermen coo~erative societies In order to free the fishermen f ram the clutches of money lender8 and improve their living conditionsr Co-ope- rative was found to be the only solution. There were 1,183 Fishermen Co-operative Societies in the State. At present it covers both Marine and Inland areas with a total member ship of lr12, 702 fishermen. societies areas f ollowsi The main ac tivitiee of these (a) To obtain loans from the banks for their members to purchase improve,? fishing gear and craft. (b) To market the catch of the fishermen on better terms, thereby eliminating the private fish merchants. (c) To deal i n f lshing requirements, spare parts, diesel oil etc. (dl To provide consumer goods to the members on a low price to improve the socioeconomic conditions of the fisher folk. There are two main central fishermen co-operative societies functioning in the State of Andhra Pradesh. They are:

15 1 ) The Hyderabad Fishermen Central Co-opere tive Society Limited, Hyderabad for Telangans (2) Andhra Fishermen Central Ce-operative Society Limited at Kakinada for Anahra region. The central society at Hyderabad is mainly concentrat- ing dn procurement of fresh f iah from Nizamsagar. Fishermen Co-operative Marketing Society for disposal in fresh condi- tion at Hyderabad and also to supply nylon and cotton-twine for fishing nets. The Andhra Pradesh Fishermen Central Co-operativc Society Limited at Kakinada in East Godavari district pr- vides fc r the distribution of nylon twine cotton yarn and other f ishing requirements to the Coastal fishermen. society has a shark liver oil factory at Kakinada as one of its assets and also runs a fish canteen at Hyderabad. This The sac iety is also implementing mechanisatian scheme with 45 mechsnised boats, The scheme was sanctioned by the Agricultural Refinance Development Corporation in a phased programme of 2 years at the rate of 15 boats in and 30 boats in The Managing Director of this central society is the Departmental Officer in the cadre of Deputy Director of Fisheries and the District Collector is the Chairman of the Society.

16 Institutional finance The fishermen got themselves included a# agricultural labourer8 and hence they are being benefited under the small fanners develonment agency and marginal farmers agricultural labour schemes by getting inputs like fishing twine and fishing craft at subsidised rates. The total financial assistance extended to the fishermen is to the tune of R.1.04 crores in the year The scheduled banks on their own have also extended financial assistance to the fishing industry to the tune of lakhs from The Backward classes Finance Corporation has also extended financial assistence to the tune of Rs lakhs from 1975 to Brief note on developmental activities on Backward Welfare Department of Nellore District The total population of Nellore District in the of Andhra Pradesh is 2 O1 14,879 as per the Census Report of Out of this 10167,500 belong to the Backward corn* nities. This ranges to 53 per cent of total population. The following schemes ere being implemented in Nollom District for the welfare of Backward Claaser.

17 I. Qovernment Hostels There are 77 hostels with a sanctioned rtrength of 6,550 are being run by this Department. are as follows; The details of hostels a) Government Hortels for Boys b) Government Hostels for Girls.. 12 c) Ashram School Hostels for Fishennen Boys d) Ashram School Hostels for Fishennen Girls e) Ashram School Hostel for Children of Vadders and Shep9erds. 1 f) D. N.T Hostel for Boys.. 1 -( Total 77 During the year the Gwernment have released an amount of Rs lakhs for maintenance of the above Hostels so far an amunt of L lakhs was soent. 11. Supply of N.T Books to Hamtelr During , 60,300 N.T. Rooks were intended so far 54,670 books were lifted and they were supplied to these Hostels. Soon after the receipt of the remaining baakr, from the Manager* Regional Sales Depot* Nellore they will also be supplied to the Hostels.

18 Upto each boarder in these Government Ho~tels will be aupplied with note books, &.lo/- during This amount was enhanced from halo/- to L and each boarder is being supplied with 11 books as mentioned below: 192 pages bound books pages bound books pages unbound Total Duiing , 68,790 books were indented on State Trading Corporation, Guntur. All the books were lifted and they were supplied to Hostels. IV. Supply of dresses Two pairs of dresses worth of will be supailed to each boarder for free of cost. The Director of Backward Clasres Welfare, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad entrusted the stiehing of garments of Nellore district to the drear making training cum production centre, Cuddapah run by the DepartMnt. They are awaited and soon after the receipt of these dresses they will bc distributed to the boarderr.

19 V. Sanction of pre+natric scholarships Upto the day scholars who are studying from 1st to 2nd classes are being supplied 2 pairs of dressers and from 3rd to 10th classes scholarships are being sanctioned in the sale of caah as per their classes. During the above scheme was totally abolished and from 1st to 3rd classes B.C students are being supplied two pairs of dresses by the education department and from 4th to 10th classes Nationalised text books are being supplied for free of cost, Accordingly indents are placed on the Regional Sales Depot, Nellore for supply of the books basing On the sta- tistics collected from the District Educational Officer, Nellore. IV V VI VIf VIII IX x sets 7,940 sets.. 6,191 sets 5,281 sets.. 2,472 sets.. 2,479 sets.. 2,674 sets So far the following books were received from the Regional Sales Depot.r Nellore IX class.* 4 t 757 VXI class.. 4,281 VI class.. 13,354 V class., 975

20 So far 1979 books were distributed and remaining8 are under distribution. Sanction of post-matric scholarshi~s The LI BeC students studying f tam Intermediate ta postgraduate level are being sanctioned day scholars (nonhostelers) and hostel rate! (for the students who are residing in hostels) whose parental income does not exceed Rs. 12,000/- per year. During an amount of B.:1.00 lakhs was released to this District under the above scheme and so far an amount of b lakhs was spent and 190 students were benefited. VII. Reimbursement of tution fees special fees to L.B.Cs The LeB*C students whose parental income does not exceed B.12,000/- per annwn and the tution fees and rpscial fees riaid by them will be reimbursed. During an amount of M.9.30 lakhs was relea~ed to the District under the scheme and entire amount was epent. The Director haa also been requested to release an additional amount of B lakhs to clear-off the long pending dues for all inrtitutions upto as the primiples are pressing for payment as their 8alarier were held up.

21 Stipends to industrial traininq ins titutlans Stioends are being paid to L.B.C students Rs.70/- per month for ten months irrespective of trades. During an amaunt of a lakhs was released so far Rs. 1.l5 lakhs was spent benefiting 162 trainees. IX. Subsidy to Law Graduates The L.B.C candidates who have completed their Law Course and who are undergoing training under Government Pleaders will be paid subsidy for 3 years as followst 1st year?s.300/- per month 2nd year R per month 3rd year b.400/- par month Besides the above subsidv an amount of L.1,000/- will be paid for 1st year for purchase of Law Books ee. During an amount of Rs. 5,000/- was releaaed and k.2, 000/- was spent benefiting Law graduates. Trainlnq cum production centre There is one training cun production centre is being run by the Department at Nellore for imparting training for 20 women L.B.C candidates both in Tailoring and Embroidary. 1. Duration of course 12 months

22 2. Rs per month is being paid towards stipend 3. After completion of course examlnation will be conducted bbth written and practical tests. The successful candidates will be given a sewing machine free of cost for their 1 ive 1 ihood. During an amount Rs.0.35 the entire amount was spent, lakhs was released and XI. Intercaste martiaaes Ju~t as Scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes Inter- caste married couples get incentive award, this Department is also sanctioning incentive award to Backward castes who perform their marriages with other communities. end of 1985 an amount of b.soo/- inter-caste married couple. Upto the is being paid for each This award was enhanced from ~.500/- to Rs. 1,000/- for them, we performed their marriages from 1986 onwards. During an amount of Rs.2,000/- was released and 80 far irr.l,000/- was spent benefiting one couple. XII. Construction of hostel buildings As against 77 hostels run by this Department the follow- ing stages of constmction of the hostel buildingrr

23 1. Completed and occupied buildings,, Buildings sanctioned by Government and at various stages of construction Hostel run in private building Total 77 Out of this amount U lakhs released for this purpose so far an amount of Rs lakhs spent. XIII. Cons tmc tion of off ice complex An amount of ~s.400/- lakhs was released by the Director of Backward Classes Welfare, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad for construction of off ice building for B.C. Welfare Department. The District Collectar has accorded administrative sanction for Rs lakhs for construction of the following off ices: S. No. Name of the office Cost I------I " 1. D.R.D.A lakhs 2. Housing corporation lakhs 3. S.C. Corporation 9.00 lakhs 4. women Welfare Department 2.50 lakhr 5. Deputy Director of Social Welfare 6. B.C. Welfare Departmant 4.00 lakh8 7. Tribal Welfare Department 2.50 lakhr Total labs I SOURCE; Given by the Deputy Dir~cfbr for Backward classes, Nellora, Andhra Pradenh.

24 For construe tion of the above buildings, the Executive Engineer, District Scheduled Caste Service Cooperative Society, Nellore started the work and it is in progress, For this purpose an amount of 4s.4.00 lakhs was released. GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH EDUCATION (S.W.) DEPARTNENT Memorandum No.2 363/S. W, 1-2/72-1 Education Dated SUB8 Social inlelf am Hostels - Admission of the children of Fishermen Community - Instructions REF2 From Sri P. Laxman Ran, M.L.A., and other representation dated **+ It has been represented in the reference cited that at present the children of fishermen are not being admitted in the Government Hostels run by Social Welfare Department on the plea that there is no provision in the rules of admis- sion of the children of the above community and with the result that many of the fishermen are not in a position to get their children educated. The representationista have, therefore, requested the Government to issue neces- sary instruction to the concerned officers to admit the children of Fishermen Community in the Government Hostels run by the Social Welfare Department in the Districts of Krishna, East Godavari, Visakhapatnam, Srikakulam, Warangal, Nizamabad and Kareemnagar.

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28 2. The Government considered that the members of the Fishermen Community are the most handicapped being educationally, sacially and econ~mically backward and hence they deserve help to me maximum extent possible. therefore* direct that as a speci a1 case, the District Social Welfare Officers of the 7 districts mentioned in para 1 above should admit all Children of the Fishermen Community seeking admission into the Government Social Nelfara Hostels in their districts and subnit proposals for relaxation of relevant rules, if necessary. They should aersonally ensure most meticulously that only bonafide children of the Fishermen Community are admitted in the hostels in pursuance of this orders Sd/. K,R. VONEE GOPAL Ex4ff icio Dy. Secretary to Qovt. The Director of Social Welf ater Andhra Pradesh* Hyderabad The District Social Welfare Officer, Krishna, East Godavari, Visakhapatnam, Srikakulm* Warangal, Nizamabad and Kareemnagar Fomardedr By Order Sd/- xx xx Section Officer Edited by R, Samudra Rao (1980) "Agnikula Kshatriyula ~uttu~oorvotha~~~~ul~~~ Box Press, Rajahmundry, pp

29 10. Per cent 0.0. G.OMs. No. 134 As (Rules) Dated NOTE; In making appointment by direct recruitment to the several classes, categories and grades in service one out of ten vacancies shall be reserved to members of fishermen community who possess the qua1 if ication prescribed for the posts; if and when qualified and suitable mcmhers of the Fishermen Community are! not available for the pats so reserved, the post will be regarded as having been deresemsd and persons of other communities be appointed In them, Edited by R e Smudra Rao (1990) "Agnikula Kshatriyula ~uttu~oorvotharamulu2, Box Press, Ra jahmundry, p. 166

30 Andhra Pradesh State Co-operative Fishennen' 8 Federation Limited The State Co-operative Fishennen Federation were started on September 15th, 1987 inaugurated by Sri N. T. Rama Ra04 Chief Minister, Ten Fishermen Co-owerattve Societies are affiliated to this Federation, population of entire State. The Federation is having an area The main aim of the Federa- tion is to u~lif t the economic condition of the fishermen by way of supplying inputs i.s., Beach, Landing Crafts, Catamara units on 50 per cent loan, 25 per cent subsidy and 25 per cent share capital. It is also a programme ta introduce marketing unit which f acilitatss increasing in price. Federation aims at auction of fish which replaces selling of fish at pre- negotiamd rates. Sanction of loans 1. Beach landing crafts.. 45 lakhs 2. Catamaras lakhs 3. Engines and nets W28.60 lakhs 4. Auction hall complex lakhs SOURCE; Given by Y. Balaramaiah, Project Of ficer, Andhra Pradesh State Co-operative Fishermen' 8 Federation Limited, Kavali, 3rd May, 1988.

31 Protection of traditional fishermen urged The need for a sbecial legislation for regulation of coastal fishing, to protect the interests of traditional country boat fishermen for the onslaught of mechanised fishing boats, has been stressed by Pr6f.P.C. Reddy, Honorary President of the District Fishermen' s Welf arc Assbc iation in a statement here on Tuesday. He regretted that though the capitalist fishing magnatear emloying hundreds of mechanised f ishing boats were encroaching upon the sea waters within the prohibited area of 12 nautical miles, Government did not take any action to prevent them. He said the country boat fishermen with limited opportunitv to go beyond the limits prescribed were the losses as they could not withstand competition from rnechanised boats. With all the fish catch being grabbed by mechanised fishing boats had become a menace and made the lives of f ishemen miserable* he added. Persistant representa tion and agitation were carried on behalf of traditianal fishermen living on Andhra Coast during the past seven years. Prof. Reddy said the Centre had circulated a bill about passing a special Legislation for the regulation of Coastal fishing* as early a

32 He regretted that the State Government neither during Congress or under the Telugu Desam preferred to introdze the bill in the State Legislature. As a result, skirnishes between tradi tlonal fishermen and mechanised f ishinq boats were common. In the process, the traditional fishermen had lost their daily bread. He referred to the invasion of mechanised fishing boats from Tamil Nadu Coast which had become a routine affairs in Wellare and f ishemen frm Krishna Patnam area were always the losses. Prof, Reddy said in the absence of any law to deal with such "Crimes" the local police were not able to take any action against the guilty mechanised fishing boat owners. He wanted the State Government to enact special laws as in other States to deal with this menace. "Indian ~xpresa*, Madras, Wednesday June I, 1988, p.3.

33 Fishermen's family gets insurance moneys Nellore - 13th of K. A sum of b.12,000 has been handed over to the family Sankaraiah, a fieheman nf Kattasatram Pattapupalem a hamlet of Tummalpenta of Kavali division of Nellore district under the Insurance $Oherne for fishermen. Sankaraiah died last month when he went for fishing. According to Mr. Mural imohan Raot Deputy Diree tor of Fisheries, Nellore, this was the first family to get the benefit of the insurance scheme after its introduction. The family will get another B. 10, 000 for which the boat was insured. As per the scheme introduced by the National Fishermen's Co-operative Federation the premium is shared by the centre and the State Government. R~.15~000 will be paid in case of death and b.7,500 in case of loss of limbs, India's National Newspaper - "he Hindua, Thursday July 14th, 1988, Val. i i i r N0a167r p a l o

34 Fishermen resent move to reneal licensing scheme Hyderabad) Augur t 17 Fishermen in the State would launch an agitation if the Government went ahead with its plan to repeal the 'free licensing scheme' for fishing in ma jar reservoirs and auctioning the f ishinq rights for lease on an All India base. The President of Andhra Pradesh Fishermen's Coloperative Societies Welfare Federation. Y. Sathyanarayana said the 20 major reservoirs in the State were a source of livelihood for small fishermen. With the proposed leading out, these fishermen would be reduced to bonded labourers under alien lease holders. He savs that the practice of leasing out major reservoirs to Co-operative societies of fishermen was in existence in Bihar, Maharastra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Even the Cer~ tral Government had adopted a policy to encourage fishing in the Codperative sector. He suggested fixing of an increased rentals to the Cooperative societies in respect of these resenroirs if the Government felt it was not earning enough revenue through free licensing scheme higher to in vogue " I---"------" " 'Indian Express*, Madrasr Thursdayr August 18thr 1988, p.5.

35 HOUSING COLONIES FOR FISIfERMEN Kakinada Au~, 28 Two housing colonies for fishermen at U~pada, 40 ha from here were opened last week by Mr.R, Fisheries Minister, Satyanarayana, He said that aver 1,200 fishermen were given marine engines last year and another 400 would be given marine engines this year an 50 per cent subsiw. The engines are to be fitted to their traditional craft, He said that 83 beach landing boats and nets will also be given to fishermen this year under the Bay of Bengal P rograme. The Minister distributed 20 engines and two bach landing crafts to 22 f ishemen, MrTaSa Naicker, I4,b.A switched on street lights. "he Hindu" Monday August 29, 1980.