Pyhäjärvi Restoration Programme Current Topics. Workshop in Finland Anne-Mari Ventelä

Transcription

1 Pyhäjärvi Restoration Programme Current Topics Workshop in Finland Anne-Mari Ventelä 1

2 Lake Säkylän Pyhäjärvi Surface area 15,400 ha Mean depth 5.4 m Maximum depth 26 m Coastline 80 km(47.71 mile) Water residence time 3-5 y Drainage basin area Total (inclusive of surface area) 61,500 ha River Yläneenjoki 23,400 ha River Pyhäjoki 7,750 ha Remaining area (small sub-basins) 14,950 ha 2

3 Pyhäjärvi Protection Fund In order to guarantee the necessary actions and funds for the protection of Pyhäjärvi, the local municipalities, organisations and industry founded Pyhäjärvi Protection Fund in 1995 The mean annual budget is about Utilization of EU funding The third term members The fund is the main actor of Pyhäjärvi Restoration Program 3

4 Pyhäjärvi Restoration Program Management of the drainage area basic water protection measures new innovations tested rural area waste water treatment Local people are participating 2. Management of the lake commercial winter time fishery biomanipulation 3. Education and communication 4. Research and monitoring Local basic funding + project funding 4

5 Phosphorus-cycle to Eurajoki - 18 % from the air +10 % from the ditches in the nearest drainage area + 24 % remain in the lake 56 % from Pyhäjoki + 12 % the catch of fish 26 % from Yläneenjoki + 54 % 5

6 External nutrient load reduction 6

7 ,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0, : Yläneenjoki: 8,3 t/a Pyhäjoki: 2,1 t/a 7 Kokonaisfosfori kg/a Virtaama m 3 /s YLÄNEENJOKI I-III IV V-IX X-XII Virtaama ,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0, Kokonaisfosfori kg/a Virtaama m 3 /s PYHÄJOKI I-III IV V-IX X-XII Virtaama

8 Virtaama m 3 /s Pyhäjoki Yläneenjoki 8

9 Water protection measures Since 1995, all farmers in the catchment have committed to the EU s agrienvironmental programme to implement basic water protection measures controlled use of herbicides and pesticides reduction in the application of fertilizers and maintenance of buffer stripes. 9

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11 External load reduction Tens of wetlands Tens of sedimentation ponds single, small sedimentation ponds chain of small dam ponds combinations of ponds and wetlands Large areas of protection zones New innovations: filtration of water ditches with lime-sand mixture along the rivers large sand filter fields filters on the ditch bottoms Wastewater treatment units Cattle yard renovation Treatment plants for wastewaters from dairy rooms 11

12 Lime-sand ditch along the river Filtration Wetland 12

13 Inventory and restoration of existing water protection measures Inventory, restoration and improvement of old (built in 90 s) water protection measures in River Yläneenjoki catchment. Project VINKU was funded by Regional Council of Southwest Finland in

14 Measures in project VINKU : Mäkilaurila filter Kärrilanoja sedimentation pond/wetland (-99), renovation Imponoja filter, renovation and monitoring (two filtering materials: Filtralite P, Sachtofer), Kavander milking house waste waters treatment unit, planning Automatic monitoring Data analysis, two international publications (Journal of Environmental Quality, Agriculture and Food Science). 14

15 Mäki-Laurila filter Old filter was blocked (limesand filter) 5.5 ha draining pipe waters + waste waters from two properties Comparison of two similar filter fields Filter material: Sachtofer PR Sand 15

16 Imponoja filter 16

17 IMPONOJAN SUODATIN Kaivo FiltraliteP Sachtofer, putki Sachtofer, kaivo Imponoja 17 Kok P ug/l Water sample results IMPONOJAN SUODATIN Kaivo FiltraliteP Sachtofer, putki Sachtofer, kaivo ms/m

18 Project Agricultural waters Themes of the project: 1) Possibilities and risks of storing agricultural flood waters in the catchment 2) Recycling of the nutrients 3) Quality and quantitity of the irrigation water Project will seek new, effective and sustainable solutions for: The practical nutrient load reduction work easy to build -solutions Winter time flood water control Winter time nutrient control Irrigation challenges Automatic monitoring Wetlands Filter systems Flood situations New solutions 18

19 Willow field Ditch filter bags Filter box prototype 19

20 Biomanipulation 20

21 How biomanipulation works in Pyhäjärvi? 21

22 Biomanipulation in Pyhäjärvi = Commercial fishery of vendace (Coregonus albula) and white fish (Coregonus lavaretus) + Fishing of commercially unwanted fish species: Ruffe Roach Smelt 22

23 1. Via food chain Strong fish stocks, strong predation pressure on zooplankton especially number of Daphnia decreaces Phytoplankton not controlled by zooplankton, becomes more abundant, 23

24 23 professional fishermen working in the lake = top predators of the system! 24

25 2. Via nutrient removal 26 % of the annual phosphorus load is removed from the lake with the fish catch! to Eurajoki - 18 % from the air +10 % from the ditches in the nearest drainage area + 24 % remain in the lake 56 % from Pyhäjoki + 12 % the catch of fish 26 % from Yläneenjoki + 54 % 25

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27 Fishing methods The most of the catch is fished during the winter with seine net The catch is transported to harbour in a icewater in transboxes 27

28 Fishing methods Different fishes are separated on a moving belt Fishes are packed to a styrox box with ice, after that they are delivered either to the fish wholesalers or to fish factories Unwanted species are used as fur animal food 28

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30 Winter Talvinuottasaaliit seine catches Pyhäjärvestä in Pyhäjärvi Saalis (tonneja) Catch (tonns) Muikku Vendace Siika Whitefish Ahven Perch Särki Roach Kiiski Ruffe Kuore Smelt Muut Others /89 90/91 92/93 94/95 96/97 98/99 00/01 02/03 04/05 06/07 08/09 10/11 89/90 91/92 93/94 95/96 97/98 99/00 01/02 03/04 05/06 07/08 09/10 Nuottauskausi season 30

31 Catch in 2011: kg Syysnuottasaalis: kg Kalastusalueen ja Isokylän osakaskunnan lisärahoitus syksylle Pitkäaikaisen rahoitusmallin edistäminen Eläin- ja kasviplanktonseuranta 31

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34 Muikun vuosiluokkavaihtelu Vendace year class SW Pyhäjärvi Vuosi year 34 Year class stregth (million ind./year) Vuosiluokan vahvuus (milj. kalaa)

35 Säkylän Pyhäjärvi Muikun poikaslaskennat Number of coregonid larvae Vendace Whitefish 35

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37 Vendace year-class variation Säkylän Pyhäjärvi y = x R² = , P<

38 R2 = 0.24, y = x , regression coefficient = -2.83, t-value = -3.01, P-value = Julian day of ice-out mean 141 days NAO winter index cost-effective winter time fishery endangered! 38

39 Research 39

40 Signal crayfish project Ecological and economical role of artificially introduced signal crayfish is not known in Pyhäjärvi Interactions between: Signal crayfish and commersially importnat fish species Signal crayfish and benthic fauna Crayfishery and fishery in changing climate Crayfishery has economical potential in our county Professional fishery has during the recent years gained significant benefit on signal crayfish Satakunta Innovation and research network in changing climate 40

41 Project actions International researcher network in crayfish research Ecological and econimical data survey and analysis Ecological and economical risk analysis Scenarios and models, chancing climate framework Popularization and utilization of the results Satakunta Innovation and research network in changing climate 41

42 Pyhäjärvi water quality in

43 µg/l Kokonaisfosfori Kokonaistyppi µg/l

44 44-4,5-4,0-3,5-3,0-2,5-2,0-1,5-1,0-0,5 0, m µg/l Kloforylli

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46 Phytoplankton ug/l MUUT RYHMÄT VIHERLEVÄT SILMÄLEVÄT PIILEVÄT KULTALEVÄT PANSSARILEVÄT NIELULEVÄT SYANOBAKTEERIT 46