What s new in milking: Systems, Components, Testing and Settings Ralph Ginsberg Nantes 2016

Transcription

1 What s new in milking: Systems, Components, Testing and Settings Ralph Ginsberg Nantes 2016

2 History of Machine Milking The use of vacuum, operated by a hand pump for the collection of milk was first introduced in Britain in Tubes were inserted into the teats, forcing the sphincter muscle to open and allowing milk to flow out of the mammary gland. 2 Whats new in milking

3 History of Machine Milking The first milking machines using a pulsating liner were developed at the end of the 19 th century, but it took many years of trial and error until the first functional machines were ready for every day use 3 Whats new in milking

4 Commercial manufacturing of milking machines using a pulsating liner began in 1918 with Delaval introducing the Delaval Bucket Milking Machine and in 1923 Babson Bros. introducing the first Surge milker. 4 Whats new in milking

5 History of Machine Milking Over the years many components and details of the milking machine have been improved, but the basic concept, of a teat cup equipped with a liner, has been unchanged for more than a hundred years. 5 Whats new in milking

6 Due to the scarcity of labor caused by World War II, from 1940 until 1970, milking machines were installed in industrialized countries worldwide, as fast as they could be made. 6 Whats new in milking

7 Milking relatively large herds with portable bucket-type machines was a tedious job and very soon the first milking parlors with elevated platforms and recorder jars were constructed. 7 Whats new in milking

8 In the 1980 s, low-line systems with milk meters started replacing recorder jars 8 Whats new in milking

9 In the early 1990's Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) were first introduced by Lely and soon followed by other companies 9 Whats new in milking

10 This technology was developed primarily for the traditional European market which has relatively small herds of up to 60 cows. Due to the number of cows that can be milked by each AMS unit in a 24-hour period and the price per unit, single boxes are best suited to herds of less than cows. 10 Whats new in milking

11 What s new in Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) 11 Whats new in milking

12 In 2011 De Laval introduced the first 24 point internal robotic rotary parlor, with five robots and a capacity of 90 cow/hour. As in the voluntary milking system, teats are prepared in a teat-cup (washed, stimulated and dried) by the first two robots, the next two robots attach the teatcups. Afterwards the cow continues to the exit position where the last robot sprays her before she is released. 12 Whats new in milking

13 2016: There are now 13 Robotic rotary parlors in Europe and Australia. Herd sizes range from 300 to 850 cows 13 Whats new in milking

14 In 2014 GEA introduced the first 40 point external robotic rotary parlor in Germany with a capacity of, more than 200 cow/hour. Each stall has its own robotic arm where teat prep (pre-dipping, fore-stripping, stimulation) milk harvesting and postdipping are done inside each teat cup. 14 Whats new in milking

15 In 2015 a 72-stall parlor started working in Wisconsin and two weeks ago a 36-stall parlor, the first in the UK, started working. 15 Whats new in milking

16 Despite the fact that robotic rotary parlors require a higher investment than conventional milking systems, they need only one person in the parlor to monitor cow flow and milkout, less than the three to five milkers in most rotaries currently in use. 16 Whats new in milking

17 What s new in Milking System Components 17 Whats new in milking

18 Milk Isolation System A fully integrated milk. diversion line can be used to separate either an individual cow s abnormal milk, or to control bulk tank milk protein and fat levels, by redirecting the designated milk into a separate milk line with an independent milk receiver, without any need for pipe disconnection or other attachments. 18 Whats new in milking

19 Milk Isolation System Milk can be pumped to a different holding tank or bulk milk silo, either by preprogramming cows identification, at the touch of a button during milking, or by online optical analysis of the components. 19 Whats new in milking

20 Teat Disinfection 20 Whats new in milking

21 Automatic spraying with end of alley sprayers, rotary exit sprayers or cow deck spraying systems tend to require additional teat dip consumption to assure that a majority of the teat surface and all teats are covered. Some of the dip winds up on the teats but will also cover the hocks, udder, environment and often a single direction spray pattern can miss some of the teat surface. 21 Whats new in milking

22 Post Dipping and Back Flushing A number of the companies have developed a milking unit that can automatically apply post-dip, through the head of the liner at the end of milking when the vacuum is shut off, thereby ensuring better teat coverage. The cluster is back flushed after detachment to remove teat dip residues. 22 Whats new in milking

23 What s new in Milking Machine Testing 23 Whats new in milking

24 ISO 3918 (2007) defines four types of milking machine tests: Dry test - test made on a milking machine without any liquid. Wet test - test made on a milking machine with simulated milking. Milking time test - test made on a milking machine during milking of live animals. Cleaning time test - test made on a milking machine during cleaning 24 Whats new in milking

25 Milking-Time Testing In order to facilitate easier analysis and better understanding of what is happening during the milking process; (milking time test) the IDF Milking Equipment and Methods action team initiated the development of a quarter milking analysis device that is small and light enough to be taped to a teat-cup during milking. 25 Whats new in milking

26 Milking-Time Testing This device has made the performing of milking time testing like: teat end vacuum levels, vacuum fluctuations, liner slips, pulsation settings or take-off settings much easier and more feasible to perform. 26 Whats new in milking

27 The revised 2012 NMC publication; Procedures for Evaluating Vacuum Levels and Air Flow in Milking Systems recommends first performing milking time testing, and states that dry (static) testing should be used to identify why a system does not meet the milking time testing guidelines". 27 Whats new in milking

28 Pulsation and Liner Compression Tests 28 Whats new in milking

29 The teat cup liner is the only component of the milking machine that is in direct contact with the cows' teat during milking. The results of many comparative experiments indicate that liner design and composition usually has a greater effect on milking characteristics than any other machine factor. 29 Whats new in milking

30 Pulsation ISO defines pulsation as the cyclic opening and closing of the barrel of a teat cup liner. 30 Whats new in milking

31 After more than a century of trial and error, most pulsators are now set within a relatively narrow range, mainly because milking speed is optimized when the duration of the B-phase is between milliseconds. 31 Whats new in milking

32 The primary purpose of pulsation is to limit the development of congestion and edema in the teat tissues during machine milking by providing massage to the lower part of the teat during the D phase. 32 Whats new in milking

33 Probably as it is a derivative of the other pulsation phases the d-phase has been sparsely researched. In spite of this, it has been shown that pulsation settings that allow the pulsation chamber to return to full atmospheric pressure for at least 150 milliseconds, helps to overcome teat congestion induced by the milking vacuum. (poster) 33 Whats new in milking

34 Research today is focusing on the point where walls of the liner barrel first touches and is subsequently detached from the teat, the Touch Point. This has led to new terminology when describing the proportion of time - within each pulsation cycle - that milk flow is stopped by compressive force exerted by the liner. 34 Whats new in milking

35 Liner Compression The mean compressive pressure (force) applied to the inner tissues of the teat apex by the liner during the d-phase of pulsation, in order to relieve congestion and edema that develops during the b (milk) phase 35 Whats new in milking (Mein and Reinemann, 2009)

36 Liner Overpressure The mean compressive pressure, above that required to stop milk flowing from the teat, which is applied to the inner tissues of the teat apex by the liner during the d-phase. Thus, overpressure is a component of liner compression. 36 Whats new in milking

37 Residual vacuum available for massage (RVM) Another method to estimate the relative Liner Compression of round liners. This value is obtained by subtracting the vacuum required to collapse the liner (i.e., the liner Touch Point ) from the average claw vacuum. (Mein and Reinemann, 2009) 37 Whats new in milking

38 Relationships between Liner Vacuum (LV), Touch Point, Residual Vacuum available for Massage (RVM), Liner Compression and Over-Pressure (Mein and Reinemann, 2009)

39 Despite the fact that liner compression has a marked influence on milking speed, teat congestion and hyperkeratosis; neither liner compression nor the related concept of overpressure are understood clearly in all types of liners. 39 Whats new in milking

40 The reason why only overpressure and not liner compression is measured routinely by the majority of people who are involved in the testing of milking systems, is due to the lack of a simple testing device for liner compression testing, contrary to the relative easiness of overpressure testing. 40 Whats new in milking

41 Recommendations for minimum and optimum take-off settings 41 Whats new in milking

42 The historic background for "over- milking was mainly based on the assumption that all milk should be removed from the udder in order to maximise the milk yield and prevent mastitis. Consequently it was a common practice in herds milked mechanically to use handstripping, meaning that the final stage of the milking was carried out by hand. 42 Whats new in milking

43 The use of automatic cluster removers to detach the cluster once milk flow has decreased below a preset level led to a significant reduction in multiple attachments, over-milking, a reduction in machine on time and improvement in udder health. 43 Whats new in milking

44 Over-milking starts when the milk flow to the teat cistern is less than the flow out of the teat canal. (Rasmussen 2004) Research has shown that in the vast majority of cows, the front quarters produce less milk than the back quarters, consequently with inadequate take off levels the front quarters are always over-milked. 44 Whats new in milking

45 Despite the fact that it is known that front quarters produce less milk than the back quarters, and are "over- milked, there are large differences on the minimum take off setting recommendations in different countries as well as those of the milking equipment suppliers 45 Whats new in milking

46 Field experience in the last 20 years demonstrates that adjustment of the factory default settings on automatic cluster removers, regardless of the number of milkings or daily yield, can significantly improve teat condition and parlor throughput, while maintaining the quality and volume of milk harvested. 46 Whats new in milking

47 Members of the IDF milking equipment and methods action team are now working on a bulletin to propose recommendations for minimum and optimum take-off settings for conventional cow milking, automatic milking systems with individual teat take off's and for small ruminants. 47 Whats new in milking

48 Thank you for your attention Now you know how I feel with bad milking machine parameters 48 Whats new in milking