Assessment and Testing of Island Wind Resources without Masts

Transcription

1 22 nd of June 2015 Assessment and Testing of Island Wind Resources without Masts ISLAND ENERGY TRANSITIONS: PATHWAYS FOR ACCELERATED UPTAKE OF RENEWABLES Martinique, June 22-24, 2015

2 Contents 1. The problem of small project wind measurements 2. Wind resource assessment standards 3. Today s solutions for small project wind resource assessment 4. The time is right to develop a new standard 5. Small wind power curve testing did it too 6. Conclusion 7. Further ideas for island nations Page 2

3 The problem of small wind project measurements

4 Problem: Cost The wind campaign cost for small projects present a large portion of the overall project cost in a phase where funding is harder to obtain. Page 4 1 Includes installation, calibrated and IEC standard equipment and layout, and bankable installation report 2 Assumes only 1 met mast needed for entire project area 3 Includes daily/weekly data check and monthly wind report 4 Bankable wind study according to IEC/FGW standards

5 Problem: Time Page 5 1 Wind campaing can only be partially conducted in parallel with feasibilty studies

6 Problem: Bankability There is no standard definition for bankability of a wind resource assessment report. Typically financing institutions rely on international standards. Those standards are rather conservative and usually do not take small wind intricacies into account. To a point where they outright dismiss small wind projects if they do not follow large wind guidelines. Statement from the Asian Development Bank: Page 6

7 2. Wind Resource Assessment Standards

8 Wind Resource Assessment Standards Standards: Europe and World - IEC (Design requirements for wind turbines) IEC (Power Performance Measurements of electricity producing wind turbines) US and World - MEASNET (Evaluation of site specific wind conditions) Germany and Europe - TG 6 (Determination of wind potential and energy yields) The IEC international standards that are in most cases referenced by financing institutions are not dedicated regulations just for wind resource assessment. They are relying on borrowed sections from wind turbine design standards and power curve performance testing standards. Wind industry interest groups in the US (Measnet) and Germany (FGW) are publishing recommended guidelines for wind resource assessments. The FGW standards are mostly applied in Germany and Europe. Page 8

9 3. There is a solution

10 TASKS DATA Standard Wind Resource Assessment Methodology (MCP) Short Term Wind Data Long Term Wind Data Farm Wind / WTG Data Wind Measurement Other wind data (i.e. meteo stations) WTG Scada data from nearby WTGs Long-Term Data (i.e. commercial mesoscale data, MERRA, national weather compagnies, other) WTG locations WTG hub heights WTG shear coefficient WTG thrust coefficient WTG power curve Collect and obtain quality data Apply modelling algorithms to correlate short term data with long term data Uncertainty Assessment Apply modelling algoarithms to determine wake effects, wind gradient, WTG energy yield and associated losses Measure Correlate Predict Page 10

11 Solutions today for small wind resource assessment The developed solutions compromise time and budget for small wind 1 resource project development with required accuracy and reduction of uncertainties for the confidence of project sponsors. They are similar to the methodology for large turbines. The most common approach is to replace the actual met mast with a virtual met mast. The rest of the methodology is similar. Companies all over the world offer those or similar solutions to assess small wind project resources and have already successfully applied their method (not exhaustive): Page 11 1 There is no standard definition for small wind. IEC defines it for theri purposes as WTGs with swept areas equal or smaller than 200m^2.

12 TASKS DATA Typical Small Wind Resource Assessment Methodology (MCP) Short Term Wind Data Long Term Wind Data Farm Wind / WTG Data Virtual Met Mast Other wind data (i.e. meteo stations) WTG Scada data from nearby WTGs Long-Term Data (i.e. commercial mesoscale data, MERRA, national weather companies, other) WTG locations WTG hub heights WTG shear coefficient WTG thrust coefficient WTG power curve Collect and obtain quality data Apply modelling algorithms to correlate short term data with long term data Uncertainty Assessment Apply modelling algorithms to determine wake effects, wind gradient, WTG energy yield and associated losses Measure Correlate Predict Page 12

13 Virtual Met Mast Validation Example: AWS Source: Validation process (AWS Truepower) for wind maps. Virtual met mast data are based on this validation procedure. Page 13

14 Meteo Station Correlation Example: Meteolien Uncertainties are higher but still within range of accpetance Method seems to overestimate production (at least in presented case study) but still within range of acceptance Cost are a almost 10times less than for a IEC standard wind report. Source: Page 14

15 4. The Time is Right To Implement a Small Wind Resource Assessment Standard

16 The Time Is Right Need Project Sponsors Project Developers Funding Solutions Today Champion Developement & Implementation Steering Group 2016 Validation and Testing Group Small Project Wind Ressource Assessment Standard 2017 Page 16

17 5. Small Wind Power Curve Testing Did It Too IEC Small Wind Testing & Commissioning Procedures

18 Small Wind Testing & Commissioning Procedures Test Description Phase Guidelines Small Wind Challenge Functional Tests Pre-energization, cold commissining, etc. Before commissioning and independent testing Provided by manufacturer and in coordination with independent engineer (Tester) None. Same as for large wind. (No met mast required) Grid Compliance Tests Reactive power control, voltage control, power factor control, etc. During final commissining and testing Grid code, Utiliy regulations, test program developed in cooperation with independent engieer and utility Significant. Especially if grid code requirements are not adapted to wind. Large WTG have same challenges but are usually equipped with special components. Operational Tests Reliability Test (200 hour run test) During final commisssining and testing Manufacturer specifications in cooperation with independent engineer None. Same as for large wind. (no met mast required) Power Curve Performance Test 1st or 2nd year after commissioning IEC :2013 (Small Wind) Adapted for small wind. No project met mast needed, but requires onefor protoype calibration process. IEC :2005 For large wind only. Page 18

19 Small Wind Power Curve Performance Test Small wind procedure: Prototype calibration usually done at a test site close to manufacturing base. Requires a met mast for comparison with nacelle anemometer. Resulting alogarithm (transfer function) can be applied to nacelle anemometer at project site. Ideally project site conditions are similar to prototype calibration site or in flat terrain. Correction factors can be applied to compensate for site condition differences. No met mast at site is necessary. Similar procedure as for large WTGs Page 19

20 6. Conclusion

21 Who Benefits? Page 21

22 Conclusion Alternative tools extist today for wind resource assessment without wind met masts result in somewhat higher but acceptable uncertainties, and are a cost effective substitute. The small projects industry has a need for quality, affordable and timely wind resource assessment, the funding institutions are willing to sponsor, developers can implement projects professionally. A willing champion has to be identified under whose umbrella a group of experts can validate the existing solutions, develop and implement a new standard that is internationally recognized. Page 22

23 7. Ideas for Island Nations

24 Ideas for Island Nations for developing small wind projects Raise awareness with project sponsors of the small wind challenges through education i.e. workshops, conferences, action groups. Met tower loan program Regional fund that owns i.e. 10 wind measurement towers, works with local installers, employs in-house experts for data monitoring and evaluation. The met towers can be loaned and circulated amongst the group for early reconnaissaince, verification of virtual met mast data for a larger local region Lidar loan program Same as for met tower program Regional REFund Provide funding for feasibility studies and greenfield development (highest risk money, most difficult for developers to raise themselves). Portion of proceeds from implemented projects go back into fund (i.e. 0,2% of annual revenue) Circuit Rider Program Employ a number of different experts that loan their support to project developers with specific guidance, i.e. project management, electrical grid integration, environmental red flags, sourcing suppliers. Page 24

25 THANK YOU! Martina Dabo Co-Founder & Chief Technology Officer QiDO Energy Development GmbH Grünbergerstr Berlin/Germany Tel.: Page 25