Identification on Unknown Bridge Foundations Using Geophysical Inspecting Methods
|
|
- Silas Walters
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 More Info at Open Access Database Identification on Unknown Bridge Foundations Using Geophysical Inspecting Methods Helsin WANG 1, Chih-Hsin HU 2 1 Institute of Bridge Engineering, China Engineering Consultants, Inc.; Taipei, Taiwan; Phone: ext.1218, Fax: ; herschel39@gmail.com 2 HCK Geophysical Company; Taipei, Taiwan; sunhu88@ms29.hinet.net Abstract In order to evaluate the foundation stability on old in-service bridges, non-destructive testing (NDT) is required to inspect their unknown depths in advance. In this paper, two proposed NDT methods, including electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ultra-seismic (US) technique, are introduced to detect the foundation depths on two river-crossing pre-stressed concrete bridges in northern Taiwan. The bridge agency also requests proof excavation and borehole sampling in order to re-verify the reliability of NDT inspection results. Comparing all information, the ERT reasonably identifies the foundation type and US presents an accurate inspection ability to determine their foundation depths. Keywords: Unknown foundation, electrical resistivity tomography, ultra-seismic, parallel seismic, excavation, borehole sampling 1. Introduction Current condition of bridge foundations is crucial information for bridge engineers to evaluate their stability. For example, lacking design information on foundations could impede of rating the flood or earthquake resistance on old bridges. Furthermore, materials deterioration, scour variation, or severe cracking could also undermine the foundation capacity of bridges as well. Non-destructive testing (NDT) has been developed to assess the integrity of foundations for many years. Currently, both the surface reflection technique, including impulse response and ultra-seismic (US) methods, is commonly used to evaluate the integrity of concrete piles, drilled shafts, and caissons in field [1, 3, 5-7]. Besides wave-based inspection, the geophysical inspection methods are introduced to subsurface and substructure investigation for bridges in past few years. The most useful technique electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) provides an outstanding identification on the interface between foundations and surrounding soils/rocks [4, 6-8]. In addition, since site conditions usually vary from dry riverbed, floodplain, to flowing water, the type of NDT inspection is associated with site situation. Onsite construction record or post-excavation is strongly suggested to re-verify the reliability of NDT inspection results [2]. 2. Geophysical inspecting methods 2.1 Electrical Resistivity Tomography The principle of electrical resistivity tomography is to develop an artificial potential field by installing a pair of current electrodes (A and B) into the ground surface around a target zone (Figure 1). Another pair of electrodes (M and N) are used to detect the ground potential difference within a specific zone. Traditionally, the measured resistivity image illustrates the resistivity intensity distributions in space by visualizing a display format of color scale, corresponding to resistivity values from over 1,000 to less than 1 Ω-m [4]. This technique is based on how differences in field mineral composition, grain size, mineral formation, water content, and ion concentration affect the detected apparent electric resistivity. Hence, higher
2 conductivity values on resistivity images would indicate the locations of steel-embedded structures, anomalies, or pollutants. Figure 1. Schematic representation of the electrical resistivity tomography method Figure 2. Schematic representation of the ultraseismic method 2.2 Ultra-Seismic Method The US method is performed by aligning several receivers on one side of a partially exposed foundation (Figure 2). Strikes from a heavy hammer on the surface of the foundation are then used to generate small stress waves [5]. As the shock waves are transmitted through the foundation components, their reflection waves are generated at the interface of the foundation and the stratum (sand/clay/grave/rock and so forth). Due to variations in their acoustic impedances, the direct and reflection seismic waves can be directly recorded using multiplechannel seismograms, and used to correlate the travel times of the artificial elastic waves in the target foundation. Contrasting this data with waveform imaging can yield a more accurate estimate of the interfaces of the various foundation components and determine its reflection depths. 3. Investigation cases 3.1 A Bridge Supported by Shallow Foundations A single-lane pre-stressed concrete bridge consists of 6 spans with a total length of 94 meters and crosses over the Nanshi Stream in northern Taiwan (Figure 3). This bridge constructed in 1981 is repeatedly found with a foundation scour problem during its routine inspection. The bridge agency decides to evaluate its flood resistant capacity and its stability for further improvement, if needed. Unfortunately, its original substructure design information cannot be found in the Taiwan Bridge Management System. Therefore, the ERT and US inspections are required to determine the foundation information on Pier P5. (1). A 70-m long ERT layout line is selected to set 5 meters parallel to P5 pier wall using an electrode spacing of 2 meters (Figure 3(b)). The position of the target pier is located at the position of 32~39 meters on the probing line (Figure 4). The black dashed line represents the interface between sand/gravel and bedrock. Foundations, usually consisting of reinforced bars, could increase the conductivity value and also form a low resistivitycontent zone. The ERT image reveals a pretty low resistivity zone, as dark blue, at the position of 31~40 meters, which overlaps the P5 position. The step-like image is marked
3 with a red dashed line and identified as a footing and, overall, the substructure height is 7.8±1 meters. P5 P5 P4 P3 P2 (a) Figure 3. (a) Panorama of bridge site (after TBMS) and (b) ERT inspecting around Pier P5 (b) Figure 4. Electrical resistivity tomography image surrounding Pier P5 (a) (b) P5 Figure 5. (a) Ultra-seismic inspection conducted and (b) US inspecting outcome on Pier P5
4 (2). The exposed height of the substructure is around 3~3.5 meters above the sand/gravelcovering floodplain. Twelve sensors are aligned 0.5 meters below top surface in an equidistant linear fashion (0.25 meters) on one side of P5 downward to ground surface (Figure 5(a)). A hammer is used to strike P5 surface, thereby generating elastic waves. As the impact waves are travelling through the foundation components, reflection waves are generated at the interface of the foundation and soil layer. The reflected waveform imaging indicates a depth of 7.6±0.25 meters as the reflection interface from foundation bottom (Figure 5(b)). Proof excavation is chosen to confirm the substructure and subsurface situation on P5. An open excavation lowered the excavation elevation down to 4.1 meters from the ground surface as shown in Figure 6. Two step concrete footings are found to be connected right below the exposed pier wall. Figure 7 shows the measured geometric dimensions of substructure profile on P5. Accordingly, the estimated heights of the substructure are 7.8±1 meters and 7.6±0.25 meters for ERT and US inspection, respectively. The excavation results positively confirm the predictions on the foundation depth from the ERT and US inspection. Figure 6. Site proof excavation on Pier P5 Figure 7. Substructure profile of Pier P5
5 4.2 A Bridge Supported by Caissons A 3-span 94-m length twin-lane vehicular pre-stressed concrete bridge constructed in 1999 crosses the Dahu Stream in northern Taiwan (Figure 8(a)). Due to channel variations, the unknown effective embedment depth of this bridge arises as the key issue for assessing its possible stability during storms or typhoon-induced floods. Therefore, NDT inspection is conducted to collect the essential information on the foundation on Pier located in the main channel. P2 (a) Figure 8. (a) Panorama of bridge site (after TBMS) and (b) ERT inspecting around Pier (b) Figure 9. Electrical resistivity tomography image surrounding Pier The ERT inspection provides resistivity distribution over a wider area of formation characteristics and preliminarily identifies the interface between the foundation and surrounding soil layer. A 70-m long ERT layout line is selected and set from the upstream side of by using an electrode spacing of 2 meters (shown in Figures. 8(b) and 9). The position of the target pier was located at 33~37 meters on the ERT inspection image. The reinforced concrete foundation presents as an extremely low resistivity closed contour. The ERT image significantly reveals a relatively low resistivity zone, marked as a black dashed rectangle. The bottom position of the black dotted rectangle indicates the interface between
6 the foundation and gravels. The estimated depth of the substructure is around 6.5±1.0 meters from the top of the foundation apron. (a) (b) Figure 10. (a) Ultra-seismic inspection conducted and (b) US inspecting outcome on Pier The exposed height of the pier is 5 meters above the caisson top. Twelve sensors are aligned in an equidistant arrangement (0.25 m) along the pier side of, downward to the water surface (Figure 10(a)). A heavy hammer is used to strike the pier surface in order to generate stress waves. As the impact waves passed through the foundation component, their reflection waves are generated at the interface of the caisson and the gravel layer. The reflected waveform imaging indicates the depth of the foundation tip at 6.4±0.25 meters, identified as the reflection source (Figure 10(b)). Borehole exploration is conducted to confirm the actual condition of the substructure on. The borehole sampling depth is up to 8 meters from the caisson top (see Figure 11). The measured depth of the caisson is identified as 6.3 meters for further comparison. Figure 11. Borehole exploration on Pier The estimated heights of the caisson foundation using the ERT and ultra-seismic inspection techniques are 6.5±1.0 meters and 6.4±0.25 meters, respectively. Figure 12 shows the actual geometric dimensions of the substructure profile on. This validates the accuracy of the estimations of the foundation depth by using the ERT and US inspection techniques.
7 Figure 12. Substructure profile of Pier 5. Conclusions Two proposed NDT methods, including ERT and US inspection, are conducted to identify the conditions on two unknown bridge foundations. The ERT provides resistivity distribution over a wider area of formation characteristics and identifies the interface between bridge substructure and surrounding strata. The US method presents a precise ability to determine the depths of substructures. Accordingly, the reliability of these NDT inspection results is reconfirmed with the findings of proof excavation or borehole exploration. The entire investigation also re-verifies that a solid conclusion could be determined if two inspecting methods reach the identical answers [7]. Acknowledgements The authors would appreciate the financial support and execution assistance of the Public Works Department, Miaoli County Government in Taiwan. References 1. Chinese Institute of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering (CICHE) (2010), Inspection Method and Application of Bridge Inspection, Scientific and Technical Publishing Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 5-27~ Geo-Institute Deep Foundation Committee (2000), Nondestructive evaluation of drilled shafts, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 126, No. 1, pp
8 3. Hertlein, B.H. and Davis, A.G. (2006), Nondestructive Testing of Deep Foundations, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, U.K. 4. Loke, M.H. (2000), Electric Imaging Surveys for Environmental and Engineering Studies A Practical Guide for 2-D and 3-D Surveys, ABEM Instrument AB, Sunbyberg, Sweden. 5. Olson, L.D., Jalinoos, F., and Aouad, M.F. (1998), Determination of Unknown Subsurface Bridge Foundations, NCHRP Project No.E21-5, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 6. Wang, H., Wang, C.-Y., and Hu, C.-H. (2012), Conditioning inspection and interpretation on bridge foundations, Proceedings of the 36 th National Conference on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan, pp. R-009-1~R Wang, H., Hu, C-H., and Wang, C.-Y. (2014), Conditioning Inspection on Unknown Bridge Foundations, The e-journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 19, No. 12, Session NDT Civil Engineering and Concrete Structures, Sub. ID: 2 (total 8 pages). 8. Wightman, W.E., Jalinoos, F., Sirles, P., and Hanna, K. (2003), Application of Geophysical Methods to Highway Related Problems, FHWA Report No.DTFH68-02-P , Central Federal Lands Highway Division of the FHWA, Lakewood, Colorado, U.S.A.
Lateral Load Analysis Considering Soil-Structure Interaction. ANDREW DAUMUELLER, PE, Ph.D.
Lateral Load Analysis Considering Soil-Structure Interaction ANDREW DAUMUELLER, PE, Ph.D. Overview Introduction Methods commonly used to account for soil-structure interaction for static loads Depth to
More informationCENGRS GEOTECHNICA PVT. LTD. Job No Sheet No. 1
CENGRS GEOTECHNICA PVT. LTD. Job No. 214030 Sheet No. 1 INTERIM REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR PROPOSED 66 KV GRID PLOT AT G-7, DWARKA, NEW DELHI. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Description M/s.
More informationTYPES OF FOUNDATION. Superstructure. Substructure. Foundation
TYPES OF FOUNDATION Introduction: The lowest artificially built part of a structure which transmits the load of the structure to the soil lying underneath is called foundation. The supporting part of a
More informationAnnex E Bridge Pier Protection Plan
Annex E Bridge Pier Protection Plan Table E1 Bridge Types and Locations Table E2 Flow Conditions For River Sections Figure E1 Bridge Abutment Protection Figure E2 Bridge Pier Protection Figure E3 Central
More informationPROPOSING A NEW PORTABLE DEVICE FOR BRIDGE SCOUR INSPECTION
PROPOSING A NEW PORTABLE DEVICE FOR BRIDGE SCOUR INSPECTION KISEOK KWAK Senior Researcher, Geotech. Eng. Res. Dept., Korea Institute of Construction Technology, 2311 Daehwa-dong, Ilsan-gu, Koyang City,
More informationDESIGN OF SCOUR PROTECTION FOR THE BRIDGE PIERS OF THE 0RESUND LINK
DESIGN OF SCOUR PROTECTION FOR THE BRIDGE PIERS OF THE 0RESUND LINK Lars Kirkegaard 1, Mogens Hebsgaard 2 and Ole Juul Jensen 3 Abstract The 0resund Link between Denmark and Sweden consists of a cable
More informationExperimental Investigation of Clear-Water Local Scour at Pile Groups
Experimental Investigation of Clear-Water Local Scour at Pile Groups B. Ataie-Ashtiani 1 and A. A. Beheshti 2 Abstract: Experiments of local scour around pile groups are carried out under steady clear-water
More informationThe Challenge of Wave Scouring Design for the Confederation Bridge
13: Coastal and Ocean Engineering ENGI.8751 Undergraduate Student Forum Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John s, NL, Canada MARCH 2013 Paper Code. (13 - walsh) The Challenge
More informationItem 404 Driving Piling
Item Driving Piling 1. DESCRIPTION Drive piling. 2. EQUIPMENT 2.1. Driving Equipment. Use power hammers for driving piling with specified bearing resistance. Use power hammers that comply with Table 1.
More informationTECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 002 EMORANNO. 001
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 002 EMORANNO. 001 To: Jack Synder, P.E. EES Consulting From: Mort McMillen, P.E. Paul Larson, SE Date: October 13, 2010 Project: Cc: Taylor Bowen Subject: Technical Memorandum (TM)
More informationHigh Definition Laser Scanning (HDS) Underwater Acoustic Imaging and Profiling
High Definition Laser Scanning (HDS) Underwater Acoustic Imaging and Profiling Images at Depth: The Use of Acoustic Imaging on Large River Crossings A Case Study AGENDA Background of project Review of
More information3. Types of foundation
Foundation Engineering CE 48. Types of foundation & foundation materials Contents Introduction Shallow Foundations Deep Foundations Introduction Why different types of? General types of Introduction Why
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO CSAH NO. 101 OVER THE MINNESOTA RIVER DISTRICT 8 - REDWOOD COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 7149 CSAH NO. 101 OVER THE MINNESOTA RIVER DISTRICT 8 - REDWOOD COUNTY PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS ENGINEERS, INC.
More informationICE PRESSURE MEASUREMENT UNDER FLOWING CONDITIONS ON HARBIN REACH OF SONGHUA RIVER
Ice in the Environment: Proceedings of the 16th IAHR International Symposium on Ice Dunedin, New Zealand, 2nd 6th December 2002 International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research ICE PRESSURE
More informationEvaluating the Design Safety of Highway Structural Supports
Evaluating the Design Safety of Highway Structural Supports by Fouad H. Fouad and Elizabeth A. Calvert Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham,
More informationPerched Box Caisson Overview. January 2014
Perched Box Caisson Overview January 2014 Why perched box caissons? Perched box caissons are used to construct the portion of the river piers that will support the steel arch spans Construction can occur
More informationANALYSIS OF THE POSITIVE FORCES EXHIBITING ON THE MOORING LINE OF COMPOSITE-TYPE SEA CAGE
194 He, W., Li, C.: Analysis of the positive forces exhibiting on ANALYSIS OF THE POSITIVE FORCES EXHIBITING ON THE MOORING LINE OF COMPOSITE-TYPE SEA CAGE Wei He 1* Chunliu Li 2 1 Ocean College, Agricultural
More informationNon-Linear Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Building
Non-Linear Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Building Uzair Khan 1 1 M.Tech (Structural & Construction Engineering) Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar. Hina Gupta
More informationEFFECTS OF SIDEWALL OPENINGS ON THE WIND LOADS ON PIPE-FRAMED GREENHOUSES
The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 29, Taipei, Taiwan EFFECTS OF SIDEWALL OPENINGS ON THE WIND LOADS ON PIPE-FRAMED GREENHOUSES Yasushi Uematsu 1, Koichi Nakahara 2,
More informationAir-Sea Interaction Spar Buoy Systems
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Distribution approved for public release; distribution is unlimited Air-Sea Interaction Spar Buoy Systems Hans C. Graber CSTARS - University of Miami 11811 SW 168 th Street, Miami,
More informationHEC 26 Aquatic Organism Passage Design Manual Evolution & Application
HEC 26 Aquatic Organism Passage Design Manual Evolution & Application Sven Leon, P.E., Hydraulics Engineer Federal Highway Administration 2015 Alaska Fish Passage Meeting October 13 14, 2015 VTRC, Juneau,
More informationMeasurement of Representative Landfill Gas Migration Samples at Landfill Perimeters: A Case Study
Measurement of Representative Landfill Migration Samples at Landfill Perimeters: A Case Study Breda M. Kiernan, PhD. National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO OVER THE STRAIGHT RIVER DISTRICT 6 - RICE COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 66513 14 th STREET (MSAS NO. 103) OVER THE STRAIGHT RIVER DISTRICT 6 - RICE COUNTY PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS ENGINEERS,
More informationYasuyuki Hirose 1. Abstract
Study on Tsunami force for PC box girder Yasuyuki Hirose 1 Abstract In this study, a waterway experiment was performed in order to understand the influence of tsunami forms on tsunami forces acting on
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT DISTRICT 4 - OTTER TAIL COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. L0885 TWP NO. 970 OVER THE OTTER TAIL RIVER DISTRICT 4 - OTTER TAIL COUNTY PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS ENGINEERS,
More informationKENTUCKY TRANSPORTATION CENTER
Research Report KTC-08-28/FR165-07-1F KENTUCKY TRANSPORTATION CENTER MONITORING CULVERT LOAD WITH SHALLOW FILLING UNDER GEOFOAM AREAS OUR MISSION We provide services to the transportation community through
More informationConstruction Dewatering
Construction Dewatering Introduction The control of groundwater is one of the most common and complicated problems encountered on a construction site. Construction dewatering can become a costly issue
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT DISTRICT 4 - OTTER TAIL COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. L0885 TWP NO. 970 OVER THE OTTER TAIL RIVER DISTRICT 4 - OTTER TAIL COUNTY PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS ENGINEERS,
More informationInformation for File # SEW
Information for File #2014-02744-SEW Applicant: Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), District 3; c/o Mr. Robert Nibbe Corps Contact: Sarah Wingert, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 180 5 th Street
More informationAcoustic Emission Testing of The Shell 0f Electromagnetic Valve
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China Acoustic Emission Testing of The Shell 0f Electromagnetic Valve guozhen XU 1, yiwei CHEN 1, zhihua CAO 2 ABSTRACT Shanghai
More informationfrom ocean to cloud PARAMETRIC SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER, A NEW APPROACH FOR AN OLD PROBLEM
PARAMETRIC SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER, A NEW APPROACH FOR AN OLD PROBLEM Geoff Holland, Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks Geoff.holland@alcatel-lucent.com Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks Ltd, Christchurch Way,
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO CSAH 4 OVER THE BEAVER RIVER ST. LOUIS COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 7635 CSAH 4 OVER THE BEAVER RIVER ST. LOUIS COUNTY JUNE 18, 2012 PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS ENGINEERS, INC. JOB
More informationApplication of pushover analysis in estimating seismic demands for large-span spatial structure
28 September 2 October 2009, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain Alberto DOMINGO and Carlos LAZARO (eds.) Application of pushover analysis in estimating seismic demands for large-span spatial structure
More informationVibration Analysis and Test of Backup Roll in Temper Mill
Sensors & Transducers 2013 by IFSA http://www.sensorsportal.com Vibration Analysis and Test of Backup Roll in Temper Mill Yuanmin Xie College of Machinery and Automation, Wuhan University of Science and
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT DISTRICT 8 - LAC QUI PARLE COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 6391 CSAH NO. 33 OVER THE MINNESOTA RIVER DISTRICT 8 - LAC QUI PARLE COUNTY OCTOBER 22, 2012 PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY
More informationEWGAE 2010 Vienna, 8th to 10th September
EWGAE 2010 Vienna, 8th to 10th September Acoustic Emission for monitoring two-phase flow Shuib HUSIN, A. ADDALI, David MBA Cranfield University, School of Engineering, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, M43 0AL,
More information3.6 Magnetic surveys. Sampling Time variations Gradiometers Processing. Sampling
3.6 Magnetic surveys Sampling Time variations Gradiometers Processing Sampling Magnetic surveys can be taken along profiles or, more often, on a grid. The data for a grid is usually taken with fairly frequent
More informationSOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF THE MANHATTAN BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS
10NCEE Tenth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering Frontiers of Earthquake Engineering July 21-25, 2014 Anchorage, Alaska SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF THE MANHATTAN BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT DISTRICT 8 - LAC QUI PARLE COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 6391 CSAH NO. 33 OVER THE MINNESOTA RIVER DISTRICT 8 - LAC QUI PARLE COUNTY PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS ENGINEERS,
More informationValidatingWindProfileEquationsduringTropicalStormDebbyin2012
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: e Civil And Structural Engineering Volume 4 Issue Version. Year 24 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals
More informationAalborg Universitet. Published in: Proceedings of Offshore Wind 2007 Conference & Exhibition. Publication date: 2007
Aalborg Universitet Design Loads on Platforms on Offshore wind Turbine Foundations with Respect to Vertical Wave Run-up Damsgaard, Mathilde L.; Gravesen, Helge; Andersen, Thomas Lykke Published in: Proceedings
More informationEXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF GUIDED WAVE TRAVEL TIME TOMOGRAPHY
18 th World Conference on Non destructive Testing, 16-20 April 2012, Durban, South Africa EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF GUIDED WAVE TRAVEL TIME TOMOGRAPHY Arno VOLKER 1 and Hendrik VOS 1 TNO, Stieltjesweg 1,
More informationOTC MS. Free Span Rectification by Pipeline Lowering (PL) Method N. I. Thusyanthan, K. Sivanesan & G. Murphy
OTC-24699-MS Free Span Rectification by Pipeline Lowering (PL) Method N. I. Thusyanthan, K. Sivanesan & G. Murphy Copyright 2014, Offshore Technology Conference This paper was prepared for presentation
More informationWind Blow-out Hollow Generated in Fukiage Dune Field, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
R. Nishi Wind Blow-out Hollow Generated in Fukiage Dune Field, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Ryuichiro Nishi, Li Elikson and Myokhin PREFACE A sand dune is vulnerable to severe waves and wind. Therefore,
More informationAnalysis of Shear Lag in Steel Angle Connectors
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Honors Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Spring 2013 Analysis of Shear Lag in Steel Angle Connectors Benjamin Sawyer
More informationEffect of Fluid Density and Temperature on Discharge Coefficient of Ogee Spillways Using Physical Models
RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of Fluid Density and Temperature on Discharge Coefficient of Ogee Spillways Using Physical Models M. SREENIVASULU REDDY 1 DR Y. RAMALINGA REDDY 2 Assistant Professor, School of
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO CSAH NO. 9 OVER THE BLUE EARTH RIVER DISTRICT 7 - BLUE EARTH COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 07542 CSAH NO. 9 OVER THE BLUE EARTH RIVER DISTRICT 7 - BLUE EARTH COUNTY PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS ENGINEERS,
More informationSeismic Survey Designs for Converted Waves
Seismic Survey Designs for Converted Waves James A. Musser* GMG/AXIS Inc., Denver, CO 1720 Red Cloud Road, Longmont, CO, 80501, USA jmusser@gmg.com ABSTRACT Designing converted wave 3D surveys is considerably
More informationEffects of Geometry on Speed Flow Relationships for Two Lane Single Carriageway Roads Othman CHE PUAN 1,* and Nur Syahriza MUHAMAD NOR 2
2016 International Conference on Computational Modeling, Simulation and Applied Mathematics (CMSAM 2016) ISBN: 978-1-60595-385-4 Effects of Geometry on Speed Flow Relationships for Two Lane Single Carriageway
More informationMeasuring Heterogeneous Traffic Density
Measuring Heterogeneous Traffic Density V. Thamizh Arasan, and G. Dhivya Abstract Traffic Density provides an indication of the level of service being provided to the road users. Hence, there is a need
More informationChapter 4 EM THE COASTAL ENGINEERING MANUAL (Part I) 1 August 2008 (Change 2) Table of Contents. Page. I-4-1. Background...
Chapter 4 EM 1110-2-1100 THE COASTAL ENGINEERING MANUAL (Part I) 1 August 2008 (Change 2) Table of Contents I-4-1. Background... Page I-4-1 a. Shore Protection Planning and Design, TR 4... I-4-1 b. Shore
More informationSTRUCTURAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT
STRUCTURAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT CFR 257.73(d) Fly Ash Reservoir II Cardinal Plant Brilliant, Ohio October, 2016 Prepared for: Cardinal Operating Company Cardinal Plant Brilliant, Ohio Prepared by: Geotechnical
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO MSAS 123 (2 ND AVE. SW) OVER THE CANNON RIVER CITY OF FARIBAULT, RICE COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 66546 MSAS 123 (2 ND AVE. SW) OVER THE CANNON RIVER CITY OF FARIBAULT, RICE COUNTY SEPTEMBER 13, 2012 PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
More informationAspects of gravimeter calibration by time domain comparison of gravity records
1 of 8 2/18/2011 3:51 PM Aspects of gravimeter calibration by time domain comparison of gravity records Bruno Meurers Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics University of Vienna bruno.meurers@univie.ac.at
More informationWe re good at what we do! Anywhere, TX SITE
2224 East 39 th Street North Sioux Falls, SD 57104 (800).653.3392 605.332-7833 fax We re good at what we do! SURFACE ANCHOR INSPECTION FOR ABC COMMUNICATION S Anywhere, TX SITE This is an actual inspection
More informationCONE PENETRATION TESTS
February 25, 2015 John Doe, P.E. Acme Engineering and Testing 1234 Test Avenue, Suite 204 Lake Wales, FL 33853 Re: Sample CPT Soundings Dear Mr. Doe, Direct Push Services, LLC (DPS) was retained by Acme
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT DISTRICT 1 PINE COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 58551 CSAH NO. 41 OVER THE KETTLE RIVER DISTRICT 1 PINE COUNTY JULY 28, 2012 PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS ENGINEERS,
More informationEvaluation of the Wisconsin DOT Walking Profiler
Final Report Evaluation of the Wisconsin DOT Walking Profiler March 2007 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the
More informationDesign of Spillway Upgrades
USACE Dam Safety Program Design of Spillway Upgrades Sal Todaro, P.E. Senior Hydraulic Structures Engineer U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Risk Management Center 1 Presentation Overview 1. USACE (RMC) approach
More informationAppendix J: Q1-Highway 35 Route Construction Plan
PSC REF#:150055 Wisconsin CPCN Appendix J Appendix J: Q1-Highway 35 Route Construction Plan Public Service Commission of Wisconsin RECEIVED: 06/29/11, 8:51:24 AM Hampton Rochester La Crosse 345 kv Transmission
More informationMethod of case hardening depth testing by using multifunctional ultrasonic testing instrument
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Method of case hardening depth testing by using multifunctional ultrasonic testing instrument To cite this article: Y A Salchak
More informationAnalysis of Pressure Rise During Internal Arc Faults in Switchgear
Analysis of Pressure Rise During Internal Arc Faults in Switchgear ASANUMA, Gaku ONCHI, Toshiyuki TOYAMA, Kentaro ABSTRACT Switchgear include devices that play an important role in operations such as electric
More informationAn Investigation of a Safety Level in Terms of. Excessive Acceleration in Rough Seas
Proceedings of the h International Conference on the Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, 4-9 June 5, Glasgow, UK. An Investigation of a Safety Level in Terms of Excessive Acceleration in Rough Seas
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO CSAH NO. 7 OVER THE SNAKE RIVER DISTRICT 1 - PINE COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 58506 CSAH NO. 7 OVER THE SNAKE RIVER DISTRICT 1 - PINE COUNTY PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS ENGINEERS, INC. JOB NO.
More informationIMPACTS OF COASTAL PROTECTION STRATEGIES ON THE COASTS OF CRETE: NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS
IMPACTS OF COASTAL PROTECTION STRATEGIES ON THE COASTS OF CRETE: NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS Tsanis, I.K., Saied, U.M., Valavanis V. Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania,
More informationUNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT METRO DISTRICT - ANOKA COUNTY
UNDERWATER BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 02545 CR NO. 116 OVER THE RUM RIVER METRO DISTRICT - ANOKA COUNTY SEPTEMBER 9, 2012 PREPARED FOR THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION BY COLLINS
More informationDynamic response of composite caissonpiles
Dynamic response of composite caissonpiles foundations Maosong Huang Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai, China Outline of talk 1 Introduction 2 Lateral response 3 Seismic
More informationLOCALLY CONCENTRATED SEVERE BEACH EROSION ON SEISHO COAST CAUSED BY TYPHOON T0709
F-4 Fourth International Conference on Scour and Erosion 2008 LOCALLY CONCENTRATED SEVERE BEACH EROSION ON SEISHO COAST CAUSED BY TYPHOON T0709 Yoshimitsu TAJIMA 1 and Shinji SATO 2 1 Member of JSCE, Associate
More informationAn experimental study of internal wave generation through evanescent regions
An experimental study of internal wave generation through evanescent regions Allison Lee, Julie Crockett Department of Mechanical Engineering Brigham Young University Abstract Internal waves are a complex
More informationSTUDY OF MODEL DEFORMATION AND STING INTERFERENCE TO THE AERODYNAMIC ESTIMATIONS OF THE CAE-AVM MODEL
STUDY OF MODEL DEFORMATION AND STING INTERFERENCE TO THE AERODYNAMIC Min ZHONG, Ganglin WANG, Jun HUA Chinese Aeronautical Establishment #2 Anwai Beiyuan, 100012, Beijing, China Keywords: Aerodynamic design,
More informationTRIAXYS Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Comparison Study
TRIAXYS Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Comparison Study By Randolph Kashino, Axys Technologies Inc. Tony Ethier, Axys Technologies Inc. Reo Phillips, Axys Technologies Inc. February 2 Figure 1. Nortek
More informationModeling of thin strip profile during cold rolling on roll crossing and shifting mill
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2013 Modeling of thin strip profile during cold
More informationAppendix A Bridge Deck Section Images
Appendix A Bridge Deck Section Images 127 128 Figure A1. Bridge deck R13, fabricated at the FHWA NDE Validation Center. Figure A2. Bridge deck R12, fabricated at the FHWA NDE Validation Center. 129 Figure
More informationCHAPTER 134 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 134 NEW JETTIES FOR TUNG-KANG FISHING HARBOR, TAIWAN Chi-Fu Su Manager Engineering Department Taiwan Fisheries Consultants, Inc. Taipei, Taiwan INTRODUCTION Tung-Kang Fishing Harbor, which is about
More informationAPPLICATION OF SOUND PROPAGATION (IN THE PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA)
APPLICATION OF SOUND PROPAGATION (IN THE PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA) Seyed Majid Mosaddad Department of Physics, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran Email: mosaddad5@gmail.com Abstract
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Volume 5, No 2, 2014
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Volume 5, No 2, 2014 Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0 Research article ISSN 0976 4399 Modification of
More informationIllinois State Water Survey
Illinois State Water Survey HYDROLOGY DIVISION SWS Contract Report 508 COMPARISON OF 1987 AND 1989 BED PROFILE SURVEYS OF THE LOWER CACHE RIVER by Richard Allgire Office of Sediment and Wetland Studies
More informationImplications of proposed Whanganui Port and lower Whanganui River dredging
PO Box 637 Wanganui 4540 Attention: Rowan McGregor Dear Rowan 1 Summary We understand that it has been proposed to bring large vessels into the Port at Whanganui requiring the excavation of a channel up
More informationVisual Observation of Nucleate Boiling and Sliding Phenomena of Boiling Bubbles on a Horizontal Tube Heater
Proceedings of the 2 nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'16) Budapest, Hungary August 22 23, 216 Paper No. HTFF 146 DOI:.11159/htff16.146 Visual Observation of Nucleate
More informationAPPENDIX C ESTIMATING SCOUR IN BOTTOMLESS ARCH CULVERTS
OFFICE OF STRUCTURES MANUAL FOR HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC DESIGN CHAPTER 11, EVALUATING SCOUR AT BRIDGES APPENDIX C ESTIMATING SCOUR IN BOTTOMLESS ARCH CULVERTS APRIL 2011 APPENDIX C ESTIMATING SCOUR IN
More informationPRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL WIND TURBINE BLADE WITH WINGLETS ON ROTATING CONDITION USING WIND TUNNEL
International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD ) ISSN 2249-6890 Vol.2, Issue 2 June 2012 1-10 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd., PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL WIND TURBINE
More informationMATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF TRANSIENT THERMOGRAPHY AND
MATHMATICAL MODLLING OF TRANSINT THRMOGRAPHY AND DFCT SIZING INTRODUCTION M. B. Saintey and D. P. Almond School of Materials Science University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7 A Y, UK The principle employed to obtain
More informationROPE NDT AS MEANS TO RAISE SAFETY OF CRANE AND ELEVATOR USE
ROPE NDT AS MEANS TO RAISE SAFETY OF CRANE AND ELEVATOR USE V. Kotelnikov 1, and V. Sukhorukov 2 1 Gosgortechnadzor, Moscow, Russia; 2 Intron Plus, Ltd., Moscow, Russia Abstract: Steel rope NDT by magnetic
More informationHY-8 Version 7.2 Build Date January 17, Federal Highway Administration.
HY-8 Version 7.2 Build Date January 17, 2012 Federal Highway Administration http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/hydraulics/software/hy8/index.cfm SIMPLE Simple to use Use for simple culverts and bridges
More informationCONVECTION SECTION FAILURE ANALYSIS AND FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE ASSESSMENT
ASSET INTEGRITY INTELLIGENCE CONVECTION SECTION FAILURE ANALYSIS AND FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE ASSESSMENT JAMES R. WIDRIG, Manager Advanced Engineering at Quest Integrity Group VOLUME 23, ISSUE 6 NOVEMBER DECEMBER
More informationDEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY DIVISION NEWPORT OFFICE OF COUNSEL PHONE: FAX: DSN:
IMAVSBA WARFARE CENTERS NEWPORT DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIVISION NEWPORT OFFICE OF COUNSEL PHONE: 401 832-3653 FAX: 401 832-4432 DSN: 432-3653 Attorney Docket No. 85031 Date:
More informationAUTOMATED MONITORING EQUIPMENT FOR ACIP AND DD PILES
AUTOMATED MONITORING EQUIPMENT FOR ACIP AND DD PILES Presented by: W. Morgan NeSmith, P.E. Berkel & Company Contractors Inc. 770.941.5100 mnesmith@berkelapg.com ANNUAL KANSAS CITY SPECIALTY GEOTECHNICAL
More informationCOMPARISONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND
The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan COMPARISONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS FOR PEDESTRIAN WIND ENVIRONMENTS Chin-Hsien
More informationREPORT GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED BLOCK-7 SUB-STATION SY NO-225, NEAR RAYACHERLU VILLAGE
REPORT ON GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED BLOCK-7 SUB-STATION SY NO-225, NEAR RAYACHERLU VILLAGE CLIENT: KARNATAKA SOLAR POWER DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION BANGALORE 0 GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
More informationGROUND VIBRATION DURING GRAVEL PILE CONSTRUCTION
36 Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 36-46 (2002) GROUND VIBRATION DURING GRAVEL PILE CONSTRUCTION Jin-Hung Hwang* and Tung-Yueh Tu** Key words: Ground vibration, gravel pile,
More informationGB/T Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T8361-2001 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB/T 8361-2001 Replacing GB/T 8361-1987 The
More informationDesign of submarine pressure hulls to withstand buckling under external hydrostatic pressure
icccbe 2010 Nottingham University Press Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering W Tizani (Editor) Design of submarine pressure hulls to withstand buckling
More informationAdvanced Imaging Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring
NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, CONSTRUCTION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Advanced Imaging Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring Mohammad Pour-Ghaz, Ph.D. Assistant Professor
More informationLecture 8&9: Construction Dewatering
Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport Colleague of Engineering & Technology Construction & Building Engineering CB 523 Methods and Equipment for Construction 1 Lecture 8&9: Construction
More information382. Fellenius, B.H. and Terceros, M.H., Information on the single pile, static loading tests at B.E.S.T. Proceedings of the 3rd Bolivian
382. Fellenius, B.H. and Terceros, M.H., 2017. Information on the single pile, static loading tests at B.E.S.T. Proceedings of the 3rd Bolivian International Conference on Deep Foundations, Santa Cruz
More informationEXPEDITION ADVENTURE PART 2: HIGHER RESOLUTION RANGE SEISMIC IMAGING TO LOCATE A SUNKEN PIRATE SHIP OFF ILE ST MARIE.
EXPEDITION ADVENTURE PART 2: HIGHER RESOLUTION RANGE SEISMIC IMAGING TO LOCATE A SUNKEN PIRATE SHIP OFF ILE ST MARIE. Jakob B.U. Haldorsen, and Douglas E. Miller, Schlumberger-Doll Research, Ridgefield,
More informationInfluence of Settlement on Bearing Capacity Analysis of Shallow Foundations on Sandy Clays in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Applied Engineering and Scientific Research, 201, 2 (4):20-27 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN: 22 0041 Influence
More informationDESIGN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A LARGE BOUNDARY- LAYER WIND TUNNEL WITH TWO TEST SECTIONS
The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan DESIGN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A LARGE BOUNDARY- LAYER WIND TUNNEL WITH TWO TEST SECTIONS Kai Chen 1, Xin-Yang
More informationE. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences
EACWE 5 Florence, Italy 19 th 23 rd July 29 Flying Sphere image Museo Ideale L. Da Vinci Chasing gust fronts - wind measurements at the airport Munich, Germany E. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum
More informationREPORT GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED BLOCK-1 SUB-STATION SY NO-44, NEAR KYATAGANACHERLU VILLAGE
REPORT ON GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED BLOCK-1 SUB-STATION SY NO-44, NEAR KYATAGANACHERLU VILLAGE CLIENT: KARNATAKA SOLAR POWER DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION BANGALORE 0 GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
More information