Identifying Critical Habitat of the Brook Floater in the Shediac Bay Watershed

Transcription

1 Identifying Critical Habitat of the Brook Floater in the Shediac Bay Watershed Prepared for: New-Brunswick Wildlife Trust Fund Prepared by: Jolyne Hébert, Environmental Technician Shediac Bay Watershed Association October 27 th 2014

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3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Shediac Bay Watershed Association would like to thank the New Brunswick Wildlife Trust Fund for the financial support granted to conduct this project. We would also like to thank Marc Ouellette with Department of Fisheries and Oceans and Harry Collins with the Miramichi River Environmental Assessment Committee, for sharing their information and experiences in the training of our field team. We also wish to thank the South Eastern Anglers Association for their assistance while performing field work and for sharing their knowledge on past and present information. Thanks to our summer students Mélanie Collette, Roxanne Tremblay and Marcel Leblanc for the field surveys. Our acknowledgements are also extended to Dr. Donald McAlpine, Curator of Zoology at the NB Museum (NBM) for providing us with valuable information regarding the biological ecology of the brook floater. i

4 Table of Contents 1. Introduction Material and Method Sampling Protocol Material Results and Observations General Freshwater Mussel Inventory in Shediac River Site Descriptions Shediac River Freshwater Mussel Inventory in Scoudouc River Site Descriptions Scoudouc River Discussion Conclusion LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX A: MAPS OF SITES IN THE SHEDIAC RIVER APPENDIX B: MAPS OF SITES IN THE SCOUDOUC RIVER ii

5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Number of Eastern Pearlshells counted for each site surveyed in the Shediac River in Figure 2. Number of Eastern Pearlshells counted for each site surveyed in the Scoudouc River in LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Number of Eastern Pearlshell (Margaritifera margaritifera) found in Shediac and Scoudouc River during survey Table 2. Result of freshwater mussel survey of the Shediac and Scoudouc River, New Brunswick 2005, cited from 2006 report iii

6 1. Introduction The Shediac Bay Watershed Association (SBWA) is a not-for-profit organization located in Shediac, New Brunswick. The SBWA was founded in 1999 as a result of growing concerns among residents from various local communities over the ecological health of the Shediac Bay. A Board of Directors, representing the various communities found within the 400 km 2 watershed boundaries of the Shediac Bay, oversees its activities. The Association deals with issues related to water quality and habitat integrity. According to the Canadian Wildlife Federation (CWF), freshwater mussels are now among the most endangered freshwater invertebrates in the world. According to The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), 13 out of the 55 species of unionids in Canada are Endangered, two are Threatened and three are of Special Concern. The Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa), is a medium-sized freshwater mussel that was found in scattered regions of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and certain regions of the East Coast of USA. The population of this mussel was not abundant, representing only 1-5% of total freshwater mussel populations in the areas where it was found. In 2009, it was given the status of Special Concern when the species disappeared from 2 historical sites and approximately half of its known locations in the USA, leaving the Canadian populations to represent the majority of the remaining global populations of the Brook Floater. The freshwater mussel surveys were conducted in the two main river systems in the Shediac Bay watershed; the Shediac River, Scoudouc River and their tributaries. The Shediac River is divided in two major water arms; the northern water arm is created by the convergence of the McQuade, Weisner and Calhoun Brooks, and the southern water arm is the continuation of the Bateman Brook. The water flow velocity in both rivers is weak due to the gentle regional elevation (Henderson, G. 1999)*. In 2005, the SBWA conducted a study on freshwater mussels in the boundaries of its watershed. The main objective was to establish the biodiversity and population status of freshwater mussels in the Shediac Bay watershed. 1

7 During the surveys in 2005, a total 122 Brook Floaters were reported to have been found throughout the Shediac River, Scoudouc River and their tributaries. In 2014, the Shediac Bay Watershed Association decided to conduct a new project on the Brook Floater over a 2 year period to assess the current population of the species and then create a plan of protection for its habitat. The selected sampling sites are the same sites that were surveyed in 2005, with a high priority given to the sites where the Brook Floaters were previously found. The objective is to determine if the Brook Floater is still present at those sites, in what numbers, and to evaluate the current state of those habitats. The present report will describe the works that have been completed in the first year of the project as well as list the results of our efforts. 2

8 2. Material and Method 2.1 Sampling Protocol In the summer of 2014, 11 sites were inventoried within the boundaries of the Shediac Bay Watershed; 8 sites in the Shediac River and its tributaries and 3 sites in the Scoudouc River. The method used for the freshwater mussel inventory is a 4 hour-person Time-Search, as described by Metcalfe-Smith et al. (2000) and Beaudet et al. (2002). This method consist of visually locating and counting all freshwater mussels found in a fixed and standardized amount of time. For example, a team of four would conduct a sweep in an area for 1 hour, a team of two would search for 2 hours. For the purpose of identifying areas searched, we took location coordinates using Global Positioning System (GPS) at the beginning and end of each survey. The distances surveyed at all pre-determined sampling sites will be included in the Results section of this report, as they varied for each water systems. Comparing the number of mussels found per distance may help to compare population abundances in each water systems. 2.2 Material The equipment used to conduct the Freshwater Mussel Inventory are listed below: - Underwater viewers - Chest Waders - Field data sheets, maps and clipboards - GPS - Digital Camera - Stopwatch - Water resistant notepads + pencils - Water-condition instrument (YSI) - Survey measuring tape (50m) - Reference documents (identification key) 3

9 3. Results and Observations 3.1 General The inventories were conducted at 8 sites in the Shediac River and 3 sites in the Scoudouc River, for which the results are summarized in this section. There are two sites in the Scoudouc River that were canceled, the reasons are explained in the section Site description of the Scoudouc River. A summary of the results for the quantities of mussels found in each river systems is presented in Table 1 and Figures 1 and 2. For comparison purposes, the results from the surveys done in 2005 are found in Table 2. Table 1. Number of Eastern Pearlshell (Margaritifera margaritifera) found in Shediac and Scoudouc River during survey River Shediac # Eastern Scoudouc Pearlshells River Site name Site name # Eastern Pearlshells Shd G 646 Scd I 224 Shd M 495 Scd H 0 Shd I 989 Scd G 0 Shd E Scd A CANCELED Shd L 152 Scd D CANCELED Shd N 685 Shd D 3464 Shd C 0 Total Total 224 4

10 Table 2. Result of freshwater mussel survey of the Shediac and Scoudouc River, New Brunswick 2005, cited from 2006 report 1. Site ID Eastern Eastern Brook Total Pearlshell Elliptio Floater Shd C Shd D Shd E Shd G Shd I Shd L Shd M Shd N Scd I Scd A Scd F (Scd D*) Scd G Scd H Total *Correction of site ID from 2006 report 1, site is now identified as Scd D. 5

11 # Eastern Pearlshells 3.2 Freshwater Mussel Inventory in Shediac River The sites surveyed in this study were selected based on the report from 2006 Freshwater Mussel Inventory in the Shediac and Scoudouc Rivers, New Brunswick 1. In the Shediac River, a total of eight sites were selected and inventoried in the summer of 2005 and again in The main objective of the surveys was to re-confirm the presence of the Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa) at the sites were it was found in The project would then continue into phase II in the second year to establish an action plan to protect or restore its habitat. The Brook Floater was said to have been found at six of the eight sites in the Shediac River. The field team located the sites by GPS coordinates, then surveyed both upstream and downstream from the sites Eastern Pearlshells Shd G Shd M Shd I Shd E Shd L Shd N Shd D Shd C Site ID in Shediac River Figure 1. Number of Eastern Pearlshells counted for each site surveyed in the Shediac River in

12 Site Descriptions Shediac River Shd G This site is located at the bridge on St-Philippe road, and the stream name is the Weisner Brook. The habitat upstream from the bridge has been changed by the presence of a beaver dam directly underneath the bridge. The dam had been washed out in the spring, but as a result the area contained more sediment and created a larger pool with higher water levels than downstream from the bridge. A search was conducted higher than the modified habitat and mussels were then found. Downstream from the site illustrates different conditions, the habitat is mostly rocks and rubble with a sandy substrate with good vegetation cover. The conditions downstream are much more suitable for freshwater mussels, therefore a more extensive search was conducted in the area. In total, 646 freshwater mussels were counted in the 365 meters searched, the stream width an average of 4.5 meters (see Appendix A for site map and for GPS points). This site was said to contain 14 Brook Floaters in 2005, however in 2014, none were found. Upstream view of Shd G Downstream view of Shd G 7

13 Shd M Located on Bateman Mill Road, at the bridge where the Weisner Brook crosses, this site was high priority as there was 27 Brook Floaters reported in The area was carefully searched but none were found. The habitat is in good condition, the substrate composed of mostly rocks and sand with good vegetation cover along the banks. A total of 495 Eastern Pearlshells were counted on a 340 meters distance, with a stream width of approximately 5 meters. Upstream view of Shd M Downstream view of Shd M Shd L This site is situated on Weisner Rd, at the bridge that is nearest to St-Philippe Rd. This is a very narrow stream (average 5 m width, with variations in depths between 5 and 40 cm), with a substrate consisting of approximately 70% bedrock, the rest a mix of rocks, boulders and sand. One team made a sweep downstream of the bridge and found only 29 Eastern Pearlshells, and the second team searched upstream and counted 123 but may have searched a longer distance. There is a problem determining the distances covered for this site as the GPS points taken may have been influenced by thick tree cover, because the waypoints when placed on the map are not positioned 8

14 inside the river, but are a bit scattered. We will, however, approximate that 600 meters was searched. There was also observation of 4 dead fish and 1 dead salamander found in the bottom of the stream, but there was observation of live frogs and tadpoles. In the 2005 study, 2 Brook Floaters where reported in this stream but none were found in Upstream view of Shd L Downstream view of Shd L Shd I Located directly in the Shediac River, this site can be accessed by a walking down an ATV trail connecting to the Shediac River Rd (see map of site Appendix A). This section of the Shediac River has excellent habitat for freshwater mussels: medium to low water levels, and the substrate consists of rocks, boulders and sand. The freshwater mussel count for this site is 989 for a distanced searched of 800m, with average stream width of 15m. This site was reported to have 4 Brook Floaters in 2005, only Eastern Pearlshells where identified in Downstream of the site is where the first sweep was attempted, and its habitat was very different and not suitable for freshwater mussels: very wide (approximately 50 meters), high water levels ( 1m), and the substrate is purely sand and fine particles. The area described would be consistent further downstream until it connects to the estuary. When the habitat changed to rocks 9

15 and boulders, we started the first sweep but only found 26 mussels (included in the total of 989) in a distance of 265m. In this area, there was also a problem of green algae attached to the rocks covering half of the width of the stream, with very long filaments it created a thick blanket over the substrate and made it impossible to see the bottom. This would affect the number of mussels found in this first sweep, if mussels were hidden underneath. Upstream from the site, appropriate freshwater mussel habitat continues towards the next sites; Shd E, Shd D and Shd N. Upstream view of Shd I Downstream view of Shd I Shd E This site is also directly in the Shediac River, upstream from site Shd I, located at the covered bridge on the Shediac River Rd. The habitat here is excellent for freshwater mussels; rocky and sandy substrate, clear water of an average depth of 55cm, low water velocity and very wide (average width of 15m). There are some areas of bedrock that rarely had any mussels, unless presence of crevices with sand and gravel provided suitable habitat. There were two unique areas where the team found an abundance of Eastern Pearlshells; in one there where over 600 individuals and the other, over 1000 freshwater mussels. The total count for this site is in a distance of 330 m. 10

16 Even with the presence of suitable habitat, no brook floaters were reported in this area in the 2005 surveys. Upstream view of Shd E Downstream view of Shd E Shd D Located upstream from site Shd E, this site was accessed by walking down a trail located behind private property, for which we received land owner permission to access. The habitat here was consistent throughout the surveyed site: clear water with substrate consisted of rocks, rubble and sand; medium to low water levels (average depth 30 cm) with low water velocity. This site was one of high priority, as the 2005 surveys reported 30 brook floaters, therefore the team conducted a more extensive search; 2 sweeps of 1h30 by 3 people (8 hour-person total search). The distance covered in total was 1.27 km, with an average stream width of 16 m. This was the most abundant site for Eastern Pearlshells, for a total count of 3464, but also the longest distance covered of any site. Unfortunately, no Brook floater was found in this stretch of river. 11

17 Upstream view of Shd D Downstream view of Shd D Shd N This site is further upstream of site Shd D, and it was a more difficult place to access due to the lack of road nearby. We found a dirt road leading towards the river, half the length was drivable by truck, and the rest of the way was driven by ATV. We were unable to locate the owner of the road for permission, this should be obtain if the site was to be visited again or by finding an alternate route at the lower end of the survey transect. The habitat of this site would be described exactly like site Shd D, with an average depth of 30 cm and average width of 15 m. This site was another high priority as a number of 26 Brook Floaters where reported in the 2005 study, but once again none where found. There was a healthy number of freshwater mussel counted; 685 individuals for a distance of 690 m. 12 Upstream view of Shd N Downstream view of Shd N

18 Shd C Starting at the intersection Maclean Crossroad Rd and Shediac River Rd, the site is located downstream from the bridge. This section of the river is upstream from Shd I, E, D and N, but has a completely different habitat; the substrate is almost bare bedrock (70%) with the occasional gravel crevices and gravel bars on the banks. The sweep of this area was then modified, as the group scanned the bottom while walking a distance of 2.3 km, in a 1h30 hour time frame with 3 people, before a single freshwater mussel was finally found (Margeritifera margeritifera). The sweep was modified to determine the extent of the bedrock habitat. The GPS markers of the section of river covered attached in Appendix A, showing how far downstream the unsuitable freshwater mussel habitat reaches, as it did begin to change to a more sandy and rocky substrate where the team stopped. For this site, we give a zero count of freshwater mussels, and it was also a 0 listed in the 2006 report 1. Upstream view of Shd C Downstream view of Shd C 13

19 # Eastern Pearlshells 3.3 Freshwater Mussel Inventory in Scoudouc River Just as described in section 3.2, the survey sites in the Scoudouc River were selected based on the 2006 report 1. There were five sites to be surveyed in this river, for which 2 had reported Brook Floaters; sites Scd I had 1 and Scd A had 18 Brook Floaters. Out of the five sites, only three where surveyed; Scd A was unfortunately canceled due to forest overgrowth of the road leading to the site, and Scd D was canceled due to modified habitat caused by beaver dams (heavy silt covering substrate) Eastern Pearlshells Scd I Scd H Scd G Site ID in Shediac River Figure 2. Number of Eastern Pearlshells counted for each site surveyed in the Scoudouc River in

20 3.3.1 Site Descriptions Scoudouc River Scd I This site was more difficult to access, as the dirt road was in poor condition but we were able to use a vehicle with 4x4 to get there. The dirt road name is Hanikoff Rd, at the end of Marcelin Rd, off Malakoff Rd in Scoudouc. It was in this area where we should have found another road leading to site Scd A, but our GPS indicated a road that was overgrown by forest, with no way of going around it without maybe an ATV (see map of site Appendix B). The habitat at this site was good on the sides of the river; a mix of rock, rubble and sand, but the middle of the river was about 60% bedrock which contain almost no freshwater mussels. There was an added difficulty at this site; the water had brown coloration, possibly from tannins, that created a challenge to see the bottom even through our underwater viewers. However, the team was able to count 224 Eastern Pearlshells over a distance of 190 m, and did not find the 1 reported Brook Floater for this site. Upstream view of Scd I Downstream view of Scd I 15

21 Scd H This site is located next to highway NB-15, the ramp from Shediac or highway NB-11, heading towards Moncton, about 200 meters after end of this ramp then stopped and walked through the woods to the stream. This stream s width is an average of 5 meters and approximate depth of 25 cm. There is suitable habitat for freshwater mussels; mix of boulders, rocks, rubble, sand and fine particles, and has good mix forest vegetation on both sides. However, there was not a single freshwater mussel found in the area searched. This sweep was modified, as the team walked downstream before starting, and had to stop as the stream went into a tunnel passage under the highway, that was reached after only 25 minutes (approximately 225 m) of surveying. In the 2006 report 1, the count for any species of freshwater mussels for this site was also zero. Upstream view of Shd E Upstream view of Shd E 16

22 Scd G This site was accessed through a dirt road crossing a field leading to the stream, this dirt road connecting to Harbourview Drive off route 134 towards Scoudouc. The SBWA had received permission to use this road as part of its regular water quality activities. This site is located upstream from site Scd H and has the same habitat description downstream, which was searched with no mussel to be found similar to Scd H. Upstream from the access point of the site has a very different habitat; approximately 5 meters wide and cm deep, with thick layers of silt covering the substrate. We believe this heavy blanket of silt came from the agricultural activities in the fields situated on both sides of the stream. The area assessed was approximately 200 m. Again, just like the 2006 report 1, the count for any species of freshwater mussels for this site is zero. Upstream view of Scd G Downstream view of Scd G 17

23 4. Discussion As previously mentioned, the purpose of this project was to re-confirm the presence of Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicose) in the Shediac Bay watershed, based on the finding of the report Freshwater Mussel Inventory in the Shediac and Scoudouc Rivers, New Brunswick (Caissie C., and D. Audet 2006). There were no Brook Floaters found at any of the sites where they were reported to be found in When adding up the distances searched from all the sites in the Shediac and Scoudouc Rivers, we get an approximate of 7.3 km of watercourse that have been surveyed in our watershed. There are some sites that have been more extensively searched than others, as the main purpose was to find the Brook Floater, and suitable habitats needed more attention. Other sites that were not as long may have been influence by the time it took to count all mussels in our path, or that none were found due to inappropriate habitat. There was another species of freshwater mussel reported to have been found at 10 out of the 13 total sites in our watershed, the Eastern Elliptio (Elliptio complanata), and it was also absent in the surveys completed in the summer of According to the guide Freshwater Mussels of Maine (Nedeau et al. 2000), proper identification of this mussel can be challenging as it is a confusing species with the Eastern Pearlshell. The Easter Elliptio can also take on different shapes, colors and striations, therefore the team collected live samples of mussels resembling the Elliptio to dissect and positively identify them using the pseudocardinal teeth and the distinctive pits & tail in the central portion of the nacre. Of the samples collected, none could be identified as Elliptio complanata, but only as Margaritifera margaritifera. However, samples were only collected at one site, which leaves the possibility of miss-identification of this species at other sites. During the entirety of this project, only one species of freshwater mussel was positively identified and it is the Eastern Pearlshell (M. margaritifera). The Eastern Pearlshell is found in small rivers and streams that are cool enough to support salmonids population (salmon, trout) (Nadeau et al. 2000), as their reproductive cycle depends on specific host-fish relationships. This freshwater mussel was found throughout the Shediac River except for Shd C, which had a substrate composed mainly of bedrock and would explain its absence. In the Scoudouc River it was only found at one site Scd I, however the description of Scd 18

24 A in the 2006 report 1 says the habitat is the same as Scd I as it is only 500 meters downstream and is said to be abundant in freshwater mussels. For the site Scd H, the substrate seems proper for mussels (which type)? but they were absent. Downstream from Scd G has good habitat, similar to Scd H as they are in close proximity but there were no mussels. Upstream from Scd G has a modified habitat consisting of heavy layers of silt covering the substrate and has deeper water levels ( 75 cm), most likely as a result of agricultural fields located on both sides of the stream and could explain why no mussels can be found there. The Eastern Pearlshell relies on salmonids as its host fish for reproduction. Salmonids are sensitive to water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, etc.), therefore if this freshwater mussel s population can survive and thrive in a water course, then it can serve as a bio-indicator for water quality. Looking at the healthy population of Eastern Pearlshells representing water and habitat quality, we need to look for the presence of host-fish for the Brook floater to try to understand the reason why it was not found at any of the site where it was reported to have been found. As part of our stream restoration study, electrofishing was conducted at one of the sites in the Shediac River, Shd G. The most abundant species of fish found at this site was the Blacknose dace, which is one of the Brook Floater s host-fish species. The group plans to continue freshwater mussel surveying in 2015, and if possible will add electrofishing as part of the study to further understand the Brook Floater s various host-fish population s status. The sites will also be revisited in 2015 in addition to new sites to be determined. The education part of this project was mostly done at the Shediac Market in the Park on sundays; for 10 weeks during the summer we had an information booth where we provided educational material for people on freshwater mussels in general and of the Brook Floater. We also had media coverage on the project; a televised report on the evening news and a newspaper article. There was also a section on freshwater mussels in the group s newsletter and a photo album on our facebook page. 19

25 5. Conclusion To conclude, the purpose of re-confirming the presence of the elusive Brook Floater cannot be classified as a success as none where found, but the realization of this project is still of great value as it gives us much needed information on the state of habitat and current freshwater mussel populations throughout the Shediac Bay watershed. We will use this information as part of our future endeavors to find this species of special concern and to integrate our findings in the community awareness mission of the SBWA. The Shediac Bay Watershed Association is confident in the works performed throughout this project. The realization of this project has allowed us to better understand the composition of our freshwater mussel populations and their habitats in our area. The search for the Brook Floater will resume in the second year of this project, with hopes to locate the species in our watershed and continue the promotion to protect its natural habitat. 20

26 6. LITERATURE CITED 1 Caissie C., and D. Audet Freshwater Mussel Inventory in the Shediac and Scoudouc Rivers, New Brunswick. Shediac NB: Shediac Bay Watershed Association. 1. Beaudet, A., E. Tremblay and A. Martel Inventaire des moules d eau douce dans les rivières Kouchibouguac, Kouchibouguacis et Black du Parc national Kouchibouguac, Nouveau- Brunswick. Rapport 006. Kouchibouguac, NB: Parks Canada, Ecosystem monitoring and data reports. Robinson, H., Losing Our Mussels, retrieved from on Sept. 16, 2014 COSEWIC status of the Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa) last update November 2011, retrieved from: =All&boxTaxonomic=All&location=All&change=All&board=All&commonName=Brook%20F loater&sciencename=&returnflag=0&page=1, on Sept. 16, 2014 Metcalfe-Smith, J. L., J. DiMail, S. K. Staton, and G. L. Mackie Effect of sampling effort on the efficiency of the time search method for sampling freshwater mussel communities. Journal of North American Benthological Society 19(4): Nedeau E. J., M. A. McCollough and B. I. Swartz Freshwater Mussels of Maine. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. 21

27 7. APPENDIX A: MAPS OF SITES IN THE SHEDIAC RIVER 22

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29 Site Shd G GPS Coordinates Shd G downstream start: N 46 13'2.14" W 64 40'25.43" Shd G upstream stop: N 46 13'0.59" W 64 40'24.82" Shd G downstream start 2: N 46 12'57.82" W 64 40'24.20" Shd G downstream stop 2: N 46 12'54.43" W 64 40'28.13" Shd G upstream start: N 46 12'52.50" W 64 40'29.80" Shd G upstream stop: N 46 12'50.40" W 64 40'30.30" 24

30 Site Shd M GPS Coordinates Shd M upstream start: N 46 12'27.17" W 64 40'20.99" Shd M upstream stop: N 46 12'21.27" W 64 40'18.60" Shd M downstream start: N 46 12'31.36" W 64 40'22.30" Shd M downstream Stop: N 46 12'28.15" W 64 40'21.25" 25

31 Site Shd L GPS Coordinates Shd L downstream Start: N 46 12'33.20" W 64 41'34.70" Shd L downstream Stop: N 46 12'34.60" W 64 41'29.60" Shd L upstream start: N 46 12'32.16" W 64 41'39.38" Shd L upstream stop: N 46 12'30.10" W 64 41'48.50" 26

32 Site Shd I GPS Coordinates Shd I sweep 1 Start: N 46 14'48.80" W 64 39'6.10" Shd I sweep 1 Stop: N 46 14'45.70" W 64 39'15.90" Shd I sweep 2 Start: N 46 14'47.40" W 64 39'15.00" Shd I sweep 2 Stop: N 46 14'29.60" W 64 39'19.80" Trail to Shd I: N 46 14'55.35" W 64 39'17.95" 27

33 Site Shd E GPS Coordinates ShdE start: N 46 14'42.53" W 64 39'53.25" ShdEstop: N 46 14'41.70" W 64 40'6.90" FWM in this area: N 46 14'40.20" W 64 40'0.40" 28

34 Site Shd D GPS Coordinates Shd D Start: N 46 14'20.16" W 64 41'29.14" Shd D Stop: N 46 14'12.92" W 64 41'58.44" 29

35 Site Shd N GPS Coordinates Shd N downstream START: N 46 14'6.30" W 64 43'4.00" Shd N upstream STOP: N 46 14'14.50" W 64 42'40.70" 30

36 Site Shd C GPS Coordinates Shd C search Start: N 46 12'33.21" W 64 44'32.59" Shd C Search Stop: N 46 13'18.50" W 64 43'55.40" 31

37 8. APPENDIX B: MAPS OF SITES IN THE SCOUDOUC RIVER 32

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39 Site Scd I GPS Coordinates Scd I start: N 46 9'5.70" W 64 30'42.80" Scd I stop: N 46 9'1.00" W 64 30'47.70" 34

40 Site Scd H GPS Coordinates Scd H start: N 46 12'36.20" W 64 34'32.80" Scd H stop: N 46 12'32.70" W 64 34'40.30" 35

41 Site Scd G GPS Coordinates Scd G Downstream start: N 46 12'13.29" W 64 34'55.56" Scd G upstream stop: N 46 12'7.70" W 64 34'57.88" 36

42 37