REFEREE COMMISSION SCORERS MANUAL 2017

Transcription

1 REFEREE COMMISSION SCORERS MANUAL 2017

2 FOREWORD The original version of this handbook was written by Dudley Williams in 1986 for the Referee Commission of the English Volleyball Association and on which this edition is based. The FIVB is constantly revising and trying to make the recording of the game easier and less prone to error. There is also of course the need to accommodate the rule changes as they affect scoring. This latest edition, updated by Martin Shakespeare, includes the most recent scoring procedures and retains hints and suggestions found to be of value in previous editions. As our showpiece games reach an ever wider audience it is important that we conform to the current practices and set ourselves high standards of proficiency, particularly at a time of entering onto the world stage of volleyball. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 2

3 Figure 1 NVL Score sheet Figure 2 Match Detail Completed 9 Figure 3 Team List. 10 Figure 4 Approval Box 11 Figure 5 After the Toss 11 Figure 6 Set 1 12 Figure 7 Line Up Sheet 13 Figure 8 Set 1 After the Line Up Sheet Recorded 14 Figure 9 Marking Points and Server 15 Figure 10 Set 1 in Progress 15 Figure 11 Time-out (TO) Recorded 16 Figure 12 Recording Substitutions 18 Figure 13 Substitution player returning to Court. 19 Figure 14 Improper Request 25 Figure 15 Delay Sanctions Recorded 26 Figure 16 Delay Penalty Recorded 26 Figure 17 Recording Expulsion 28 Figure 18 Disqualification 28 Figure 19 Set 1 Finished 29 Figure 20 Results Box Set 1 29 Figure 21 The Fifth Set. 30 Figure 22 The Fifth Set Completed 31 Figure 23 Results Box at End of Game 32 Figure 24 Approval Box Completed 33 Figure 25 Libero Control Sheet. 36 Annex A Filling in the Libero Control Sheet 38 Annex B NVL. 39 Annex C Rules 25 and

4 SCORING A competent, efficient Scorer is an asset at any match, be it local league or International. For the participating teams accurate feedback on the state of the game is essential, particularly as every rally ends with a point being awarded; while for the first and second referees, confidence in the ability of the Scorer can lessen the burden on them. Potentially, everyone has the ability to become a Scorer. Initially the task looks very daunting, but it is our view that clear explanation will create understanding and by applying that understanding to increasingly more difficult games skilled competent Scorers will emerge. To that end, what follows is an exercise in covering all the possible events that may happen in a game of volleyball and how these are recorded on the score sheet. Some of these incidents will be mundane and obvious, others obscure and rare; try and be patient - a quality all Scorers should cultivate. The main text of this book deals with scoring that ideal match; an international or National final where the players and officials are ready at the correct time in the correct kit and with the correct accreditation. Annex A deals with the Libero Control Sheet. In Annex B is a section on NVL 'peculiarities' that crop up at various times during the season to assist in the scoring of the majority of matches that most will do. Rules 25 and 26 cover the duties of the Scorer and Assistant Scorer and the current (2010) versions are included at Annex C. 4

5 INTRODUCTION Since the 1980 Moscow congress an internationally recognised score sheet has gradually been introduced into the countries of the FIVB. Apart from very minor differences, it should now be possible to go to any match in the world and use the local score sheet To the layman the score sheet, at first glance, is not very user friendly but viewed as a number of discrete information blocks - each heavily outlined and presented on one sheet for convenience it becomes more easily understood. It is further helped by the fact that unless certain types of card sanction are applied, only one block is in use at a time - a fact that some Scorers make use of by masking off all other blocks. 5

6 THE ASSISTANT SCORER Since the introduction of the Libero player in 1999, an Assistant Scorer has been designated to monitor the entries and exits of this player onto and off the court along with managing the timing of Technical Time Outs and operating the manual scoreboard. The Assistant Scorer has no role in completing the match score sheet other than adding his/her signature to the APPROVAL box at the end of the game. The Rules In the following text any rule is referred to by Rule number, section and subsection e.g , while a particular score sheet block is referenced in bold type e.g. APPROVAL. The rule references conform to the 2010 edition of the Rule Book published by Volleyball England. Scoring a Match Scoring a match can be divided into 4 distinct phases: 1. Pre-Match A period of collecting and recording information about the location, venue, participants, date, time and anything that could affect the playing of the match. 2a. After the Toss before the 1st Set The toss determines the order of service and court selection for the first 4 sets. 2b. After the Toss for a deciding set This toss determines the court selection and service for the 5th set. 3. During Play The Scorer checks for the correct server and records the score, substitutions, TO's, delay and conduct sanctions, protests and any unforeseen incidents affecting play. 4. Post Match This follows the final whistle and involves the completion of the score sheet. The Scorer should ensure the correct set details have been entered into the RESULTS box, the columns totaled and a WINNER declared. This done the Assistant Scorer signs followed by the Scorer who then obtains signatures of the Team Captains. The referees then sign with the last signature being that of the 1 st Referee who first checks the accuracy of all the entries. 6

7 WHAT YOU NEED TO BRING TO A MATCH Dress: A Scorer is part of a team whose uniform is a navy blue polo shirt or Referees shirt and navy trousers ; at the very least a navy blue top should be worn when scoring. It is also worth bearing in mind that it may be cold or often draughty at the courtside so a navy blue sweater or sweatshirt is useful. Equipment: Two fine, good quality black ballpoint pens and swap them frequently so that when you need the spare, it works. If you want to be really helpful have another couple of pens to hand that the coaches can borrow for completion of line-up sheets, never let them use your good ones (unlikely to be a problem at International Matches). A small ruler t always looks neater with straight lines crossing through the unused parts of the scoresheet that requires it. You will need a watch to time Technical Time Outs (TTO), set intervals and for the match times. Spare line up sheets needed at the table for emergencies. 7

8 Pre-match Most score sheets are printed on carbonless copying paper, therefore before writing anything on the score sheet remember to check that the card is actually under the third/fourth sheet (for some tournaments four copies of the score sheet are required). Do not detach the top sheet and the two/three copy sheets from the score pad and rest them on the table unless you have at least 3 paperclips. Remember: the use of a fine ballpoint pen is recommended. Make all entries in CAPITALS of the same size. The Scorer should enter the details required in the various small boxes across the top of the score sheet before the referees conduct the toss between the two captains. Name of the Competition This should give a clear indication of the competition using accepted titles and abbreviations, e.g. 'WORLD CHAMPIONSHI P', NATIONAL LEAGUE, NATIONAL KO CUP'. City, Hall and Country Code This is an all-embracing term to indicate the geographical location of the match. The country trigrams are available on the FIVB website - ENG or WAL should suffice for the majority of matches. The City should be the city or area of the city or the town where the match takes place, Hall the actual name of the facility being used (recognized abbreviations are acceptable) - e.g. City SHEFFIELD; Hall: EIS. Pool/Phase From the tournament program or handbook e.g. SUPER 8, QUALIFYING ROUND, SEMI-FI NAL etc. Match No. This refers to the number given to a particular game by the organizers. Some one-off games will not have a number and therefore the space is left blank but it is usual in organized matches for each game to be so designated. Date/Time The date should indicate the day, month and year,e.g The time should be the advertised starting time of the first service according to the program (using the 24 hour clock) e.g. 14:30 Division 8

9 Men/Women - This should be crossed (with an 'X') as appropriate. Category Senior/Junior/Youth - Again cross as above TEAMS The team's trigrams are entered with the home team in the left hand space and opponents in the right. In the case of a neutral venue the team that is listed first in the match scheduling is entered in the left trigram space. Once the toss has been made the 1 st referee informs you who will start on the court to your left. You can then enter the letter A in the small circle next to that team's trigram, while against the other team - the one to your right - a B is entered. That completes the entries made at the head of the sheet and attention is now focused on recording the player's names in the TEAM box in the lower right hand corner of the score sheet. Again enter the trigrams as explained above. Each team's list of players is usually provided by the coach or event organisers and should be listed under the appropriate team column as follows. In ascending shirt number order, each player's surname or family name followed by their initial is entered. (This numerical ordering helps speed LUS checks at the start of a set!) Also be aware that at most international games international players licences lists and/or Passports may be put on the table for the referees to check. The captain of each team should have their shirt number circled on the team list The 1 st referee should resolve any problems or queries in this process. Libero The 2008 FIVB Congress introduced a second Libero for FIVB and World Competitions for Seniors. The starting Libero is known as the Acting Libero and the substitute Libero as the Reserve Libero. You should determine before completing the team list how many Liberos a team is played and who they are. In FIVB and domestic competitions the Libero(s) are only entered in the Libero boxes thus leaving 2 or more blank lines in the Teams box. For CEV controlled matches all players are listed with the Libero(s) also entered in the Libero box(es). The Acting Libero is always entered on the first Libero line. Team officials These are C = Coach; AC=Assistant or second coach; T = Trainer/physio; and M = Medical Doctor with FIVB/ National Association accreditation. 9

10 Once this information is complete the score sheet is ready for signature by the Captain and Coach of each team in the appropriate place. This serves two functions for the referees: it identifies the coach and captain of each team, the coach verifies the team details. Should the details be incorrect the coach should identify any alterations, deletions or additions for correction by the Scorer before signing. Once a team list is signed the team may make no further changes to it. The remaining pre-toss task is the partial completion of the APPROVAL box at the foot of the sheet. The names of the 1 st Referee, 2 nd Referee, Scorer, Assistant Scorer and Line Judges are entered. With the exception of Line Judges, in International matches the nationality of the officials is entered (using the recognized trigram for the country). In domestic games the licence numbers are entered. Line Judges are numbered 1 to 4 anti-clockwise from the referee's stand and maintain the same position throughout the match. Very occasionally the REMARKS section (lower left hand corner) may require some entry to be made before the first service. There may be protests about facilities, equipment, or eligibility of players. At this point in the game it is likely that the 1 st Referee would make the entry or that the Score would, under the 1 st referee s direction. 10

11 The REMARKS section will be further explained later.. There is the further possibility at a sanction might be made before the game starts. The procedure for this will also be explained later. This concludes the first phase of scoring a game, and takes us on to the next stage AFTER THE TOSS FOR 1 st SERVICE Up to 30 minutes before the scheduled first service, the 1 st Referee calls the two captains together to make a toss (the time will vary depending on the match - in major events a published protocol itemises this). As explained above, the choices made by the respective captains - service, court or reception - are noted by the 1 st Referee and conveyed to the Scorer. The team starting on the left hand court is team A and the other team B. Thee letters are entered in the circle next to the team name at the head of the score sheet and in the TEAMS box The SET 1 box found in the upper left hand side of the score sheet can have the initial entries. Team names can be entered against the TEAM trigram box corresponding to whether they are to your right or left. By each team name the letters S and R are to be found circled. These represent Service and Reception respectively. The outcome of the toss is indicated by placing a cross (as in Figure 6) on the letter corresponding to the team's choice- they are to receive, cross the R, if they are to serve cross the S. Under player 1 of the receiving team an X is placed in the Service rounds box 1 indicating that this player will not serve at the first change of service. 11

12 The team names, service/reception option and the 'X' in the Service round box 1 should be completed for SET 2 (upper right hand section) and also for SET 3 situated beneath the 'SET 1' box, and with which it should correspond. At this time the Scorer should not enter anything in the SET 4 or SET 5 boxes as the game may finish in straight sets. Should SET 4 be played it will correspond to SET 2 above it, whilst the fifth set depends on the result of another toss being made. AFTER THE TOSS AND BEFORE THE FIRST SERVICE During the warm up the Scorer can check that the shirt numbers of the players warming up correspond with the players numbers on the TEAM list. The Scorer should obtain from each team coach the Line Up Sheet for the first set. The relevant rule states: if he/she fails to receive the Line Up Sheets on time, he/she immediately notifies this fact to the second referee.' What this means in practice is that the Scorer must receive them before the teams complete their warm up for the first set and within 2 minutes of the end of subsequent sets. When a coach brings a line up sheet to the table the opposing coach is not permitted to study it before submitting his/her own. Note that the Libero's number is entered only on the Line Up Sheet for the first set, whether or not they are to be used in the set. The Line Up Sheet shows the players, by their shirt numbers, who will start the set, and the position they will occupy on court. Before entering the line up, check that all the numbers correspond to those in the team's list. Any discrepancy should be brought to the notice of the 2 nd referee. If there are no problems then the line ups can be entered. 12

13 Whilst it is the 2 nd Referee's responsibility to check that the players are in the correct positions, the Scorer can assist. Once the 1st Referee has called the players onto court the Scorer can make a 'shadow' check of the players. Errors that may arise are as follows: the correct players are on court but not in the order given by the Coach on the Line Up sheet. the coach m u s t p l a c e the p l a y e r s in accordance with the Line Up sheet the players on court do not correspond to the numbers on Line Up sheet. The coach must either replace the incorrect player(s) with the correct ones(s), or make a substitution on the position(s) to retain the u n d e c l a r e d player(s) on court. Any such substitutions before the start of the set are counted against those permitted to a team in each set. However, should the incorrect player not be on the team list (i.e. the Shirt No does not appear on the team list), then the Line Up sheet must be altered to show the correct shirt number? Only when the 2 nd Referee has verified the numbers of the starting six players may the Libero enter play. Once the 2 nd Referee has checked the shirt numbers and position of the players on court are correct he/she will check that you are ready to start. You acknowledge this with the 'Ready' signal (both hands raised palms toward the referees). The Scorer should be asked for this acknowledgement following any stoppage in play. DURING THE MATCH 13

14 When the referee whistles for first service, check the time and enter it in the START time at the top of the SET 1 box. Look at the Server: does the shirt number of the person with the ball correspond with the number under Service order I column of the score sheet? If it does not, wait until the service is made, i.e. the ball is actually struck. Immediately attract the attention of the referees by using the buzzer and state "wrong server" and advice the 2 nd Referee who should have served and the correct player order on court. This check must be made on each serve, as failure to pick up such rotational errors rapidly becomes a nightmare to untangle if left undetected. Assuming, however, that the number of the player about to serve corresponds to that on the score sheet the following procedure is adopted: Under each Service order column in the rows Service rounds the column is subdivided into eight small boxes each of which is numbered from 1to 8. These represent, for each position, up to eight opportunities to serve in a set When a player serves for the first time the Scorer marks the small number with a tick. This procedure is carried out as each new player in turn comes to serve. If the team rotates through all six positions and the player who first served returns to position 1, then the Scorer moves to the small box containing a 2 and ticks that. This indicates the second service round has commenced. As with the first round, as each player makes service in the second round the figure 2 in initially ticked, the 3 in the third round and so on until the set is decided. It is important to tick the service round figure each time a player commences s e r v i n g as it provides a ready check on who has served and who is serving. It is done at the beginning of the serving round and not at the end of the previous rally as the 1 st Referee may decide to replay the point. Any points scored are crossed through as they are won with a "/" on the vertical points columns to the centre and right of each set block. When a team loses service, the Scorer enters the last deleted number from this column into the service round box where he/she had previously ticked the small number when that player had commenced serving. Had the first server made no score then a 0 (zero) would have been entered in the space. 14

15 Note how the score sheet is marked (Figure 9). The tick for the service round is small and just marks off the small ;number; similarly deleting a point in the POINTS column use a small neat /. Because the serving team has lost the rally a point is awarded to the opponents who also become the serving team. This point is immediately crossed through on their POINTS column. This procedure of crossing through a point on the points column at the end of every rally and, if there is a change of service, entering the running total in the service round box of the player who has just lost service and ticking the points small number in the service round box of the next server of the team that has commenced service, continues until a winning total is reached. As a check, the number (score) being entered in the service round box must always be greater than the one preceding it. NB For the first four sets the winning team is that which reaches 25 points with a two clear point advantage Thus: 25: 2 3 or fewer, then 26:24, 27:25 etc. There is no upper limit. If you run out of 'Service Rounds' boxes or 'POINTS', then the score should be continued on a separate sheet of paper, whi ch would then be attached to the score sheet with a suitable comment in the REMARKS area. INTERRUPTIONS Let us now consider one by one the some incidents that can interrupt the 15

16 progress of a set. Time out (TO) (Rule 15) The Coach of each team, or Game Captain when the Coach is absent, can legally request two TO's in each set. Each last for thirty seconds, and the teams must move into the free zone in front of their team bench. Teams usually take TO's singly but it is quite legal, but not usual, to take them consecutively. At the end of the TO the Scorer gives the "Ready" signal. Each time a team requests a TO it must be recorded on the score sheet. The 2 nd Referee should indicate, using the appropriate signal, which team has requested it (the horizontal hand points to the requesting team). The Scorer indicates with one raised hand if this is a legal request, and conventionally signals the number of TO's for each side when a TO is requested by either team. If the request is not legal, i.e. two TO already taken in that set, then press the buzzer and state: "time-out request is not legal". The team will be sanctioned with an 'IMPROPER REQUEST'. (Recording this w ill be explained later. In each Set box, beneath the 'POINTS' column for each team, are two small rectangles with 'T' printed above them. Each square has a colon (:) dividing it. On the first occasion that a team requests a TO the current score is entered in the upper of the squares. The score of the requesting side to the left o f the colon and that of their opponents to the right. It is most important that the score information is taken from the 'POINTS' column of each team and not by reference to visual scoreboards. In Figure 10 the side requesting the TO has 10 points and their opponents 12. When a team asks for a second TO it is recorded in the box below this. You are required to inform the officials with a hand signal when a team has had two time-outs. Technical Time-outs - (TTO) At major matches, and now in NVL, Technical Time-outs are applied in each set. They are taken in sets 1 to 4 when the score first reaches 8 points and again at 16 points. They last one minute and are not recorded on the score sheet. As 16

17 with any game interruption, the Scorer must indicate to the 2 nd Referee that he/she is ready at the end of the TTO. Other match delays If the 1 st Referee whistles and indicates that play has been stopped to resolve a problem, he/she may also indicate that the teams may leave the court, if the stoppage might be lengthy. This is not to be recorded as a Time Out, however, but the Scorer should note the time the incidents commenced. If it is a prolonged game interruption (Rule 17), the referee will require you to make an entry in the REMARKS box. As a Scorer becomes more accomplished, the recording of such incidents will take progressively less time, however accuracy or certainty should never be sacrificed for speed. It is always preferable to be slow and correct than quick and in error. If any decision or procedure is not understood, the help of the 2 nd Referee should be requested. A good 1 st Referee will wait for the Scorer's "Ready" signal. Substitutions (Rules 15 & 16) Each team is legally allowed a maximum of six payer substitutions per set. Such requests must be made when the ball is not in play, by either the coach or the game captain, using signal No. 5 - forearms rotated around each other. If requesting more than one player substitution, the total number of players to be changed must be indicated (Rule 15). Failure to do this should result in only one substitution being allowed. Against each of the six positions on court two substitutions are permitted, provided that in total they do not exceed six per team per set. Thus any one of the starting six players may be replaced by a substitute from the bench, that being the first substitution on that position, subsequently the substitute player may in turn be replaced by the original player - the second and final legal substitution on that position. Scorers must understand that once a player or their substitute has been played in a particular court position they may not legally play in any other court position in that set. The Substitution Process The 2009 rule changes introduces the method of substitution known commonly as the 'quick sub'. The request for substitution is the entry into the substitution zone of one or more players at which point the Scorer (or Assistant Scorer) uses 17

18 the buzzer to acknowledge the request. If the Scorers don't have a buzzer then the 2nd Referee will acknowledge the request with a whistle. The previous substitution request by the Captain or Coach using a hand signal is used if there is an injury, or the wrong starting six are on court. Ideally the players will be carrying a numbered paddle indicating which player will be substituted. If not, the 2nd Referee will control the pairs of players swapping. What is required is an immediate check that any player attempting to enter: is on the team list of that team, has not been on court in another position earlier in the set, is the correct returning player for a substitute being substituted, will not exceed the number of permitted substitutions, is not expelled or has been disqualified. It should only last the time needed for recording the substitution(s) on the score sheet and for allowing the entry and exit of the players. You show "Ready" when you have recorded each substitution. If the Scorer finds the request to be illegal then the Scorer attracts the attention of the 2 nd Referee (using the buzzer if available) and states "that request is not legal". If the Scorer is correct the team will be sanctioned with a delay. 18

19 Possible problem situations at substitution Sometimes both teams make substitution at the same stoppage so always glance to the other team to see if that team is requesting a substitution as well. Where both teams are requesting substitutions then you should deal with those on the side the 2 nd Referee is standing first. The 2 nd Referee should then move to deal with the other Team's substitutions. If he doesn't then press the buzzer again and indicate that there is request from the other team. At multiple substitutions where there are no paddles, the pairings of the players to be exchanged may well get muddled. In such instances never guess, but have the pairings clarified by the 2 nd Referee. If at multiple substitutions this would exceed the legal no. of substitutions then the 2 nd Referee has to ascertain which pairs will actually substitute. If the 2 nd referee appears to be allowing all the substitutions then press the buzzer and point out the problem. The Assistant Scorer should assist by calling out the shirt numbers for you. Recording player substitutions is made in the following way. You are recording the details of who is replacing whom and the score when it occurred. Locate the rows against the Substitutes section noting they have an upper line N of player and two lower lines Score at change. Enter the sub's number on the N of Player line and the score on the upper of the two Score at change lines: enter the score in the same way as for 'TO' (that is - requesting side to the left, opponents' to the right - remember - take the points from the POINTS column). Where the coach wishes to return a starting player to the court, the change is recorded as follows. The substituted player's number is located in the 'N of Player' line and beneath the score entered when he/she came on, i.e. the lower of the two 'Score at change' lines, the present score is entered in the same fashion as before. Additionally the number of the player leaving is circled indicating that they may not legally return in that set. Should the coach request two or more substitutions the 19

20 procedure is merely duplicated with the same score being entered against each pairing. Where such multiple substitutions are requested the Scorer should quickly check that they are legally possible. Will the number of subs requested take the teams total over the permitted six for the set? A quick tally can be made by adding the number of 'Score at change' boxes filled. Where a team has used four subs you may, but for five and six subs you must, inform the officials by use of hand signals. The act of substitution should disrupt the game as little as possible. However, as noted with recording Time outs, do not sacrifice accuracy to speed or allow yourself to be railroaded by the officials. Non-standard substitutions The substitutions so far described are within limits defined in the rules and are initiated by the coach or captain from choice. There are however three situations in which a team must replace a player. They are: a player is expelled for a set. a player is disqualified for the match. a player is injured. In the first instance, the first referee indicates the expulsion of a player by holding up the red and yellow cards jointly in one hand. In the second instance, disqualification is indicated by the first referee holding up the red and yellow cards separately in each hand. The offending player must leave the court or the playing area respectively, reducing their team to five players. As the rules require six players on court a replacement must be effected. Recording sanctions using cards will be explained later. A team is allowed to replace the player(s) at fault if it can do so legally. If a legal substitution cannot be made then the team becomes incomplete and forfeits the set in the case of expulsion, or the match in the case of disqualification. This will depend on the circumstances of the dismissal and substitutes available. The Scorer must therefore check the following: Has the team already had their six permitted substitutions? If yes, they must forfeit, if not a legal substitution may be possible depending on the next check. 20

21 Have there been any substitutions on the excluded player's position? If the answer is no then a previously unused substitute can be used to replace the exclude player, providing one is available. This would be recorded as a legal substitution. Should the answer be yes, i.e. a substitution has occurred on the position then it must be established whether it is one or two substitutions that have been made. If only one change has been made then the original starting player may return, legally, and would be recorded as a normal change. Where both substitutions on a position have been used then a legal substitution is impossible as a result of expulsion or disqualification of a player, and the team would be deemed incomplete and forfeit, as above. However in the event of an injury different options apply (Rule 18). When a player is injured and the game is stopped an immediate substitution should be made. In practice referees tend to use their discretion indicating substitution only when a player may be safely moved or is obviously not going to recover quickly. Once it is clear that the injured player will have to be replaced the team must initially make a legal substitution. If no substitution on the position has been made an unused substitute must be used, or, if one substitution has been made on the position then the original player must return. Should a team be unable to replace an injured player legally then an exceptional substitution (Rule 8) is permitted. Thus: A team is allowed to substitute even when it has used all six substitutions in the set. Where both substitutions on a position have been made a third is allowed, but the injured player must be replaced by his original pairing. A team with a reduced squad may have to use a player who has already been on court in another position during the set. An expelled player cannot be used as a replacement. The above examples are quite exceptional substitutions. Exceptional substitutions are recorded in the REMARKS box, e.g. excep sub Team B, Set 3, 6 for 23, Where a team, after injury, cannot field six players either legally or exceptionally for whatever reason (only six players, or previous injuries, expulsion or disqualifications) the 1 st referee must, after three minutes recovery time declare the team incomplete (Rule 6) for the set and the 21

22 match is conceded to the opponents. The team awarded the match is given sufficient points to win the set and wins each uncompleted set (up to a maximum of 3) 25 - O (sets 2-4) or 15-0 (set 5). Unrecorded substitutions and rotational or positional faults If, by some lapse of concentration either by you as Scorer (s) or the 2 nd Referee, an unrecorded player is found to be on court, i.e. not in the starting six and no record of the substitution the game must be stopped. Equally, should either official blow for a rotational or positional fault the game is stopped. The reason in both cases is that it is essential to restore to the court the correct players in their correct order, and also try to establish the duration of the fault. Generally, if the referees are alert positional faults are not a major problem (unless incorrectly called) and it is rare, if the Scorer is assiduous in checking the server's number, that the wrong server makes more than one service (which should be promptly buzzed). For an illegal player the correct player must be returned and an attempt made to trace when this player entered court as all points scored by that team from that point are deducted providing that the exact moment can be established. The same is true where a team is out of rotational order. If it is not possible to establish accurately the point where the incorrect server or illegal player began then the points of both teams remain unchanged. In either case the team at fault is penalised if serving, they lose service and their opponents are awarded a point if their opponents are serving they are awarded a point, unless they previously requested a Line Up check and were given incorrect information by the officials. In this case they are put in the correct positions with no penalty. If you stay alert these incidents are less likely to affect you. Forfeiture (Rule 6) As we have seen above a team may forfeit a set as a result of injury or player exclusion. Where a set is forfeit the forfeiting team retains the point it has scored and their opponents are awarded sufficient points to give them victory in the set (6.2, 6.3) - record in the REMARKS box as follows: "Set 3 Team A declared incomplete due to expulsion player No. 7" These entries should be made under the direction of the 1 st referee. 22

23 Where a Team is declared incomplete in accordance with Rule 6 (insufficient players available due to injury or disqualification) then sufficient sets are awarded to the opposition to give them 3 sets, with zero points being scored in each set by the incomplete team. e.g. the incomplete team having lost the first set 10-15, sets 2 and 3 are awarded to the opponents 0-25, 0-25 to effect a 3-0 victory. Should the injury occur in the third set to a team leading by 2 sets to nil, the opponents would be awarded the set in progress plus the remaining 4 th and 5 th sets, e.g.;12-15, 0-25, 0-15 Should a team, for no valid reason, (i.e. not through injury, expulsion or disqualification), refuse to complete or start a set, or indeed appear on court at the stipulated time, they are deemed to be in default. Should the refusal be at the start of the set, the 1st Referee might initially award a delay warning or a misconduct warning, the former issued to the team, the latter to the Game Captain or Coach as being responsible for team discipline. These require recording; how will be explained later. The first referee might further issue a delay penalty against the team. At some point however the 1 st Referee will judge the refusal to play as final and the team will be defaulted. Should the refusal occur during a set, a delay warning would probably result followed by the match being defaulted. Whatever the circumstances leading up to the default the defaulted team forfeits all the sets and points it has won, even if leading 14 0 in the fifth set. The result is recorded as 3-0 (25-0, 25-0, 25-0) sets victory to their opponents. A comment in the REMARKS section will be necessary: Team A declared in Default having refused to play at 14-6 in set 3 If the details of completed sets had already been transferred to the RESULTS box they would then be neatly crossed out. Interruptions (Rule 18) Very occasionally a game will be halted for some quite chance reason. These occasions may be quite mundane, a net snapping, post failure, power failure, roof leaks, etc. or more serious such as pitch invasions, bomb scares, riots or fire evacuations. Whatever the reason, the time of the stoppage should be noted, for depending on whether it is possible to restart the game in less than four hours will determine whether the match will continue. If it were a straight forward problem, replacing the net or sweeping up broken light fittings, which might only cause a brief delay of a few minutes, then the match would continue from where it was interrupted. 23

24 As Scorer you will inform the 2 nd Referee of players and their positions at the time of the stoppage. If the stoppage is for a more fundamental reason e.g. major equipment failure, then it might be possible in a large sports hall to transfer to another court, or if it can be arranged and executed in less than four hours move the match to another hall altogether. If either of these options is possible the set in progress is declared void but the set(s) decided are retained. The restarted set on the new court must have the same players and the same rotation order as the start of the void set (unless there have been expulsions, disqualifications or injury). `clearly in such instances the Scorer will be the main source of information to ensure this is correctly done. If the interruption happens before the fourth set you may use one of the unused set boxes and just re-number the set. However should the match go to a fourth set (or occur during the 5 th set) you would need to use a reserve score sheet. Should one or more interruptions occur that in total exceed four hours, then the w hole match is cancelled and replayed from scratch at a future date. This total time is cumulative and it highlights the importance of recording the beginning and end of all such stoppages in a match. Sanctions During a match the referee may decide to apply some level of sanction against a team player or team official: remember this includes all those eligible to sit on the bench (Rule 4). These sanctions fall into two categories: Those, which are given for delaying the game - Rule 17. Those, which are given for misconduct - Rules 20 & 21. These sanctions are indicated by the 1 st Referee only who shows one or both of the red and yellow cards in a variety of combinations and positions. As Scorer it is not essential that you know the offences for which it will be issued (it helps though), however you will need to know how they are to be recorded on the score sheet, and what effect they have on the set in progress. All sanctions, whether for delay or misconduct, are recorded in the SANCTIONS box found in the bottom left hand corner of the score sheet. Improper Requests The first level of team sanction is an 'Improper Request (rule 15). These are: 24

25 A Game interruption requested during a rally or at the moment of or after the whistle to serve or by a non-authorised team member. A request for a substitution after the completion of a substitution but before the game has been resumed by the same team. A request for a third TO or to exceed 6 substitutions. They carry no penalty but are recorded against the team by crossing through the team letter with an 'X' on the IMPROPER REQUEST box in the SANCTIONS are of the score sheet Delay Sanctions These types of delay are defined at rule 16: Delaying a substitution. Prolonging other game interruptions having been requested to resume the game. Requesting an Illegal Substitution Repeating an Improper Request. Delaying the game by a team member. On the first instance that a delay occurs the referee points to the wrist. Delay sanctions are given against the team not against individuals even when individuals are the primary cause of the delay. There is no penalty incurred but it acts as a warning for future conduct during the rest of the match. Although without penalty the warning must be recorded in the SANCTIONS box in the following manner: The left hand column marked W (warning) is located and the letter 'D' is written in the first available space, tracking that line across to the column A or B the letter corresponding to that of the penalised team is entered, set number under SET, and the score - offending side first - under SCORE. Any subsequent delays by the team during the match will result in a delay penalty being gi ven (Rule 17) against the team, indicated by the 1 st Referee holding a yellow card to the wrist. The delay penalty is a recurring sanction against a team; once the initial delay warning has been given each 25

26 subsequent action that in the opinion of the 1 st Referee delays the match can be penalised by a delay penalty. The award results in the loss of a rally, which is recorded in the usual way. However when a point is awarded, the point in question is circled as well as crossed through on the running total POINTS column. Finally you will need to record the fact of the delay penalty in the SANCTIONS section. (see Fig. 16) In this instance the column designated P (Penalty) is located and again in the first available space a letter 'D' is entered and as with a warning, the team, set and score are entered in the appropriate columns. Remember the score at the time of the penalty is recorded not after the point has been added for the card. 26 To recap Delay Warnings/Penalties are applied only to teams. They are in effect for the whole match. After the initial warning each further r delay is given a yellow card. yellow card has the same consequence to a team of losing a rally. All delays, whether Warnings or penalties are recorded in the SANCTIONS section. Misconduct sanctions (Rules 20 & 21) Rules 20 and 21 define, categorise and explain the appropriate sanction for misconduct offences. Only the 1 st Referee is empowered to issue card(s) against a team member. As stated before you do not necessarily need to know why they are issued but you must know what to do when they are. Three possible combinations of card might be shown (Rules 21.6). The 1 st Referee may initially warn a team member about his/her conduct by a verbal warning via the Game Captain for a minor infringement if this occurs again a Yellow card will be shown. This carries no sanction or requirement for it to be entered onto the score sheet but is a warning as to future conduct of the whole team.

27 Penalty (Red Card) When a player or team official is penalised for misconduct the 1 st Referee holds up a Red card in one hand and indicates the player with the other, or if it is one of the squad off the court this is notified via the captain. This is treated as a loss of rally and dealt with as above for the delay penalty. Also the penalised player or team official has their sanction recorded in the SANCTIONS box under the column P (penalty) The procedure is to enter the player number or official s letter, team, set and score. It is recorded exactly the same as above with a delay penalty except this time it is a shirt number that is entered instead of a D. Expulsion (Red and yellow card held in one hand)) When the 1 st Referee displays the red card this indicates the expulsion of a player or team official. This means the expelled person is unable to take any further part in the set in progress. Expulsion may be as a result of a previous Red card issued to the player or team official for rude conduct, or for the first instance of offensive conduct. Thus the Scorer needs always to check that the penalised individual has not been previously sanctioned, by referring to the SANCTIONS box. If an individual has already been sanctioned, because of the progressive nature of the sanction scale the intended penalty being given by the 1 st referee may or may not be correct. The scorer should always draw such anomalies to the attention of the 2 nd referee. If the person was on court when expelled then the team are required to make a substitution, however it must conform to the requirements of a legal substitution. If the player is on the bench then the scorer must ensure that they know the status of the player. If the player has been replaced by the libero then substitution will need to take place at that point. For official competition a penalty chair is provided where the expelled player/official will have to it until the conclusion of the set. No further sanction is applied against the team as the loss of the individual is deemed sufficient punishment. 27

28 These expulsions must be recorded in the SANCTIONS section. As before the appropriate column is found, in this case E (Expulsion), and the information of team member, team, set and score is inserted. Should this player be expelled in a subsequent set it will be a disqualification. Disqualification (Red and Yellow card held separately one held one in each hand) A player shown a red and yellow card held separately one in each hand is disqualified from further part in the game and must leave the playing area. A team member may be disqualified having had no prior sanction of any kind. As with Expulsion if a court player is involved a legal substitution will have to be made, and the details of the disqualification entered in the SANCTIONS box. As we have done with all other sanctions so far recorded, the appropriate column is D (Disqualification). Points to remember All participants listed in the TEAMS box can be given cards. Sanctions are effective for the whole match, but expelled team members only miss the set in progress. An expelled or disqualified coach may be replaced at the request of the team captain with the 1 st referees authorisation. This should be recorded in the REMARKS box. Cards may be given between sets and apply to the set following their issue. This could mean the team losing service and their opponents gaining a penalty point or if their opponents were due to serve them gaining a penalty point. In this case the Penalty point would be awarded at the start of the following set as the previous set has been completed. Should the 1 st referee issue a sanction after the final whistle, it must be recorded in the REMARKS box, not in the SANCTIONS. (NB The game is officially over only when the 1 st Referee checks and signs the score sheet) The End of the Set 28

29 Immediately the decisive point is won the time is recorded in the END time box. The winning points total is entered in the service round box of the player serving when the set point is reached. This should be circled along with the last service round score for the losing team. Where a team wins a set as a result of an opponent s error the score is placed in the service round box but the number is not deleted. On the running total POINTS column the last deleted number should be underlined and all the numbers below this line scored through. The underlined numbers should correspond to the circled numbers in the service round boxes. You should also enter the set details in the RESULTS box bottom centre of the score sheet, at the end of each set. Do not cross out any unused Time-Out boxes. Do not write the finishing score for each team in the substitutions area of the score sheet. Where a RESULTS column is unused, enter a zero 0. It is unnecessary to put mins next to the figures entered in SET (duration) column. 29

30 Subsequent Sets These follow on as before until a team reaches 3 sets or a set score of 2-2 is achieved. Note that there are 3 minutes between the start and end time of all sets under normal circumstances. The Fifth Set Where a fifth set is required to decide a match, two things govern play, evenhandedness and a speedy resolution of the stalemate by requiring a lower points total. Fundamental to this even-handed approach is the fact that the 1 st referee will make a fresh toss at the end of the fourth set to decide what options the respective captains may choose for the fifth set; as at the start of the match the first referee will tell you the outcome of the Toss. Equally where one side has scored eight points the teams are required to change ends with as little delay as possible. Like the previous four sets there is no point limitations on the length of the fifth set. The first team to achieve a two point clear margin at 15 or beyond is the match winner. The above factors mean that the fifth set panel is different to the previous four. It is larger and divided into thirds. At the start of the set the left hand third corresponds to the team on your left while the centre third corresponds to the right hand team. When one team scores eight points the centre third becomes the left-hand team and the right hand third covers the team to your right. 30

31 Procedure When you have been informed of the outcome of the toss fill in the team trigrams and enter A or B in the 3 circles above each of the sections dependent upon which court the two teams chose - A B A or B A B. After the coaches have presented their Line Up sheets these are entered as in previous sets. Only enter detail into the Left and Centre boxes at this stage. Any TO or Substitutions that occur prior to change of ends a re recorded in the usual way. When a team reaches 8 points the teams must change ends. The number of points scored by the team on the left are recorded in the box marked POINTS AT CHANGE, all detail relating to that team is transferred to the right hand box (this will ensure that the teams do not have more TO or Substitutions than they are allowed) and the points in the right hand points column are lined through with a vertical line; this must be done whilst the team s are changing ends. If the eighth point has been scored by the left hand team then the corresponding service round box in the right hand third has its small number crossed and when the player eventually loses service the point total is entered in this box rather than the one to the left. If the left hand team are not serving at the change round then their next server after the change is dealt with in the usual way. The remainder of the set is then scored as before, until the winning point is scored. The End of Set procedure as for the previous 4 sets is followed. 31

32 HINTS If for some inexplicable reason the change round at eight points is missed, it should be made immediately the error is spotted - the score stands, no points are deducted. At the eighth point teams should rotate base line to base line without stopping to pick up kit, have a drink, or speak to the coach. All these actions could be punished by a sanction so do not switch off thinking nothing is going to happen. You should assist the 2 nd Referee by indicating which player for each side is at position 1 after the change round. At the End of the Match At the completion of the winning set, be it third, fourth or fifth, several tasks remain to the scorer before the job is finished. These are: Completion of the RESULTS section Dealing with protests Collection of signatures. Final Result You should make an entry in the RESULTS box at the end of each set. Thus you will only have to enter the last set detail and complete the totaling at the end of the match. An efficient Scorer will have the score sheet ready for signature when the Captains approach the table to thank him/her, having completed the end of match exchange of handshakes. However a protest may have been lodged so this will need to be entered in the REMARKS section before the Captains can sign. The total match duration should be the total set duration plus the set intervals i.e. +6 for 3-0, +9 for 3-1 and +12 for 3 2. If this is incorrect then: (a) check the time between sets, (b) check the set duration, (c) check the match start and end times, (d) check your addition! 32

33 Protests Under the Rules the captains may, providing correct procedure is followed, protest in writing at the end of a game. Such protests must be written in REMARKS, by the Scorer under dictation from the Game Captain. The size limitations of the REMARKS box may require the protest to be noted in essence rather than in detail - a fuller report would be submitted elsewhere. At major events the jury will probably be involved in any serious dispute, as will the two officials. Stay neutral and insist that only you are going to record the protest. Approval (See Figure 24) The following signatures must be entered on the score sheet in the APPROVAL section in this order: The Assistant Scorer signs first, followed by the Scorer, then the two Game Captains against their respective team letter; ideally you will be ready to do this immediately. If the score sheet is not ready then ask the referees to ensure the Captains do not absent themselves. The 2 nd Referee then adds his/her signature and the score sheet is presented to the 1 st Referee for scrutiny, checking and final signature. Line Judges do not sign. Distribution At the end of the match, after the 1 st referee has signed the score sheet, it will be distributed to each of the teams and the remaining copy(ies) to the persons or organisation specified in the competition regulations. General points for scorers VISUAL SCORE DISPLAY: while the only valid match score is the one on the score sheet teams do need an accurate visual display of the score. The art of your job is to ensure that these displays are accurate (Rule 25) but it is not be your job to work them; that is the role of the Assistant Scorer. 33

34 COACHES: are permitted to ask you the number of time outs or substitutions they have used in a set unless there is a visual scoreboard which shows this information, in which case you politely refer them to this. Such requests must be dealt with at your convenience, disturbing your concentration as little as possible. ABUSE etc. as a match official you are protected from the actions of the members of the teams. Any abuse, gestures, and attacks (threatened or actual) should immediately be drawn to the Referees' attention. The same applies to trouble from spectators, e.g. things being thrown; such distractions do not allow you to do your job. If you concentrate then you will not have any issues. However if you get lost then ensure that you ask the 2 nd referee to pause the game whilst you resolve the problem; it will cause less problems if you spot the problem early. Do not be hurried by anyone, take your time and resolve the problem to your satisfaction. One long delay is better than a series of short ones. The Assistant Scorer As mentioned in the opening the main role of the Assistant Scorer is to complete the Libero Player Control Sheet (see Annex A). Additional tasks are: to operate the visual scoreboard, to assist the Scorer by warning of impending substitutions, advising the server number and regularly confirming the score. Also you may press the substitution buzzer if the Scorer has failed to notice a substitution request, but this should only happen rarely, in addition, signaling and timing the Technical Time Outs when these occur. As an Assistant Scorer you form part of a team with the Scorer to ensure that nothing goes wrong in the recording of the match. And that is it - the art of scoring - revise often and practice at every opportunity. Also remember: for the majority of us the only opportunity to appear at the highest levels of the game is as a Line Judge or part of the Scoring Team, and you get to sit down as a Scorer! 34

35 The Libero Player The Libero is a specialist defensive player and for that reason plays only across the back court. The Libero may come on and off the court and replace a player whenever the ball is dead. There is no requirement for the coach to signal this and the change of player is not recorded on the score sheet but instead on the Libero Control Sheet by the Assistant Scorer. The Liberos entry and exit from the court is made, without the control of the 2 nd referee, through the Libero Replacement Zone not the Substitution Zone. The Libero may replace and be replaced without limit in a set, the only provisos being that the player originally replaced by the Libero always replaces the Libero and that each time the Libero enters or leaves court he must remain on or off for a minimum of one completed rally. A Libero may not be used in an exceptional substitution. Should a Libero be injured, and there is no Reserve Libero the 1 st referee will authorise another player to take on this role provided that they have not played in the set in progress and are not excluded or disqualified. Where there is a Reserve Libero they may be used as an exchange for the Acting Libero for any reason; the Acting Libero may not however return to play in the match once they have been exchanged. Any change to the Libero/ Acting Libero must be recorded at the foot of the Libero Control Sheet and if a Libero re-designation then also in the REMARKS box on the score sheet. Be aware of the 3 changes of players that are associated with Liberos and try to use the correct term: Libero changing with an on court player is a Libero Replacement Reserve Libero replacing Acting Libero is a Libero Exchange A player replacing an injured Libero is a Libero Re-designation. 35

36 36