Infrmal dcument n. 6 THE PEP Steering Cmmittee, 11th sessin, 27-28 Nvember 2013 Item 7 (c) f the prvisinal agenda Implementing the Amsterdam Declaratin THE PEP Partnerships Implementing the Amsterdam Declaratin Jbs in Green and Healthy Transprt 1. In September 2011, the Transprt, Health and Envirnment Pan-Eurpean Prgramme (THE PEP) launched the Partnership n Jbs in Green and Healthy Transprt (PJGHT) as a fllw-up t the High-level Meeting in Amsterdam as well as THE PEP 2010 Sympsium n green and healthy-friendly investments and jbs in transprt. The purpse f this Partnership is t bring tgether interested Member States, experts and plicy-makers frm the transprt, envirnment and health sectrs and develp a set f actins and jint prjects aiming at: a) Stimulating a debate and a shared understanding n what a green and healthy jb in transprt is by bringing envirnmental and health cnsideratins int the existing discussin n green jbs creatin. b) Dcumenting the breadth f existing experiences in Eurpe and ther parts f the wrld with new plicies and appraches fr creating jbs in green and healthy transprt. c) Analysing the ptential f greening ld jbs and creating new green jbs in transprt and mbility and assessing the qualitative and quantitative impact f such appraches have n the envirnment, health, transprt and the ecnmy. d) Sharing gd practice and disseminating the experiences, plicies and appraches e) Develping strategies and actins fr stakehlders t implement Gal 1 f the Amsterdam Declaratin in rder t prmte jbs in green and healthy transprt. 2. A scping brchure was published in 2011 that nted that existing experiences with interventins and plicies that ffer great ptential fr maximizing benefits fr the envirnment, health and the ecnmy, particularly thse related t the prmtin f active travel (cycling and walking) in urban areas, remain rather scattered and have largely been at the fringes f transprt plicy debates.1 3. The PJGHT further develped the scping brchure int a mre quantitative assessment f existing case studies n JGHT in 2012 and 2013. The results f the cllected case studies and their quantitative evaluatin was presented t the Bureau in July 2013. The PJGHT then cnvened its secnd meeting in Octber 2013 in Paris, expanding its memberships t als include the OECD, ILO, UNEP, EEA and the new ecnmics fundatin, in additin t France, Austria, UNECE and WHO. The members f the PJGHT discussed the reprt and nted its high relevance and the valuable cntributin THE PEP is making t the internatinal debate n greening the ecnmy thrugh this reprt. The members further apprved the draft reprt and defined the way frward twards a summary publicatin fr the 4HLM. 4. Thanks t a substantial in-kind cntributin f UNEP, the wrk cnducted under the PJGHT will nw be turned int a publicatin suitable fr 4HLM, based n the recmmendatins frm the members f the 1 WHO (2011) Green and healthy jbs in transprt: launching a new Partnership under THE PEP, available at http://www.eur.wh.int/ data/assets/pdf_file/0003/149682/e95664.pdf 1
Infrmal dcument n. 6 THE PEP Steering Cmmittee, 11th sessin, 27-28 Nvember 2013 PJGHT. Thebelw text prvides a detailed utline f the prpsed publicatin, which sets ut the title and cntents f the prpsed sectins, the prpsed case studies and the prpsed methd f extraplatin. Detailed utline f prpsed publicatin fr 4HLM Intrductin Backgrund t the issue: Transprt is an imprtant ecnmic sectr that emplys a significant number f peple Transprt cntributes t envirnmental pllutin (air pllutin, nise, climate change); significant numbers f peple are als killed each year in rad accidents Transprt is well-placed t play an imprtant rle in the green ecnmy, as lng as its negative impacts are addressed Increased use f public transprt and the active mdes (cycling and walking) can help t reduce the adverse impacts f transprt, and generate additinal benefits in terms f imprved health; there is als a significant number f jbs assciated with these mdes Intrductin t THE PEP: It recgnises the abve interactins and the ptential f transprt t cntribute t the green ecnmy; t supprt, this, the PJGHT was launched (an verview f the Partnership will be included in a bx) Rle f current paper: It is part f the PJGHT prcess; based n a backgrund reprt (prepared at University f Oxfrd); aims t fill a gap; discussed in Octber at a cnsultatin meeting invlving UNECE, UNEP, OECD, ILO, EEA and WHO. What is a jb in green and healthy transprt? Outline what we mean by a green and healthy transprt jb (include a bx utlining the range f green and healthy transprt jbs similar t that in the 2011 PJGHT launch dcument). Include definitin f a green and healthy transprt jb, as defined in the University f Oxfrd backgrund reprt. Nte that such jbs include direct, indirect and induced jbs; acknwledge that there might be jb lsses resulting frm the need fr fewer cars r reduced tax take frm fuel duties, but that mdal shift will nt be the main pressure in each case; als nte that the net impact n jbs is likely t be psitive In additin, nte that investing in green and healthy transprt will bring additinal benefits that are ften nt quantified (e.g. imprvements in health); and that there is significant ptential as, fr example, cycle mdal share is lw in many cities Evidence f jbs in green and healthy transprt Narrative will be develped arund selected case studies, which will be presented in bxes; figures frm ther reprts reviewed in the backgrund paper will als be mentined where these supprt the narrative. 2
Infrmal dcument n. 6 THE PEP Steering Cmmittee, 11th sessin, 27-28 Nvember 2013 Narrative will be structured arund the key issues, i.e.: There is significant ptential fr jb creatin frm investing in green and healthy transprt, particularly as fr sme f these mdes, e.g. cycling, the mdal share is generally relatively lw this will be supprted by the case studies (see belw fr these) and ther reprts Investment in green and healthy transprt prvides gd value fr mney/jb intensity this will be supprted by case study 1 (general EU fr rail and mass transit) and case study 4 (France fr cycling) Jbs that will be created will be lcal jbs this will be supprted by case study 2 (jbs assciated with green transprt) and case studies 3 t 5 (jbs assciated with cycling) Jbs that will be created will be varied and require different levels f skill (and ptentially new skills) this will be supprted by case study 2 (jbs assciated with green transprt) and case studies 3 t 5 (jbs assciated with cycling) The prpsed case studies have been chsen as they cmplement each ther by illustrating a number f relevant pints (e.g. jb intensity, range f jbs, their lcal nature) fr different mdes (public transprt, cycling, etc.). The prpsed case studies are: Case study 1: Jb intensity f rail and mass transit jbs Based n GHK (ref 52; fr the EU as a whle); shws additinal rail and mass transit jbs ptentially generated frm spending EU funds; demnstrates jb intensity in terms f direct, indirect and induced jbs in the EU frm 1 billin f investment in rail/mass transit infrastructure Case study 2: Green and healthy transprt jbs in Spain. Based n Sustainlabur (ref 60, als refers t ref 59); numbers f green jbs in Spain by type; demnstrates numbers f green jbs and the range f jbs that might be cnsidered t be green and healthy transprt jbs Case study 3: The range and number f jbs assciated with cycling (Austria) Based n Miglbauer (ref 70); demnstrates the number f ecnmy-wide cycling jbs, the range f cycling jbs and the imprtance f turism in the ttal number f cycling jbs Case study 4: The range and number f jbs assciated with cycling (France) Based n Dumnt et al (72) and Rche (73); demnstrates the numbers f ecnmy-wide cycling jbs, the range f cycling jbs, their jb intensity (in Rche) and the imprtance f turism in the ttal cycling jbs Case study 5: New pprtunities fr creating jbs in cycling bike share schemes Based n EPOMM verview (ref 85); supplemented with infrmatin n jb levels and types f jbs in Paris (ref 86) and Lndn (ref 87); underlines the ptential fr additinal cycling jbs that d nt currently exist in sme places; als underlines the range f jbs assciated with these new schemes Challenge f identifying the true ptential fr green jbs This sectin will cver the limitatins f the evidence cllated n green and healthy transprt jbs, including a lack f data, n cmmn methdlgy, lack f cmmnly applied definitins (e.g. f indirect jb), etc Als nte that there was mre cmprehensive infrmatin n cycling jbs than fr ther types f green and healthy jb; as a result, cycling was chsen as the example t take further t demnstrate the ptential fr green and healthy transprt jbs if mre investment was made thrughut the UNECE member cuntries 3
Infrmal dcument n. 6 THE PEP Steering Cmmittee, 11th sessin, 27-28 Nvember 2013 Ptential fr jbs in green and healthy transprt Aim: t demnstrate (with a simple extraplatin) the ptential fr green and healthy transprt jbs Apprach: Use figures n cycling jbs fr Cpenhagen, which has ne f the highest shares f cycling in Eurpe (26% f all jurneys), and extraplate these t the capitals f all UNECE-WHO/Eurpe Member States (using ppulatin and cycling mdal share); this will yield a figure fr the jbs assciated with cycling that might be generated if all cities had Cpenhagen s mdal share fr cycling (a summary descriptin f the methd will be included in a bx). Data availability (a summary f data surces and issues will be included in a bx): Infrmatin n ppulatin f the capital cities taken frm a UNECE publicatin this is cmplete Infrmatin n cycling mdal share taken frm varius surces: EPOMM s mdal split website prvided infrmatin fr 22 cities; infrmatin fr an additinal seven cities has been identified frm ther surces; in ttal this cvers arund 54% f the ttal ppulatin f the UNECE s member cuntries capital cities. Other infrmatin is being sught, althugh suggestins are that data d nt exist fr many f the large cities fr which data are currently missing, e.g. Mscw, Kyiv, Ankara, althugh there are suggestins that cycling s mdal share is nt high in many f these cities Infrmatin n sme direct jbs assciated with cycling in Cpenhagen is available; the Cpenhagen city authrities have been cntacted and d nt have mre up-t-date r cmprehensive infrmatin Pssible appraches t the lack f data (if insufficient additinal data fund): Present a figure n the basis f available data, but underline that this is an underestimate as nt all f the cities were included and nly sme direct jbs assciated cycling are cvered by the current Cpenhagen figure fr cycling jbs (currently this yields a figure f arund 40,000 additinal jbs); r Present a figure (which will als be an underestimate) estimated by: Assuming a lw level f mdal share fr cycling, say 3% (likely t be an verestimate, as fr example, cycling s mdal share in Lndn is nly 2% and Paris is 3%, while in Minsk it is nly 0.2%), fr all f the cities fr which it was nt pssible t identify any data (currently this yields a figure f arund 75,000 additinal jbs; and/r Use the figures fr cycling jbs frm ther reprts (e.g. ratis f types f jbs; see Case Study 3 and 4, abve) t estimate a mre cmprehensive cycling jbs figure fr Cpenhagen Underline that whichever figure is presented, it will nly be an indicative figure that represents the ptential scale f the jbs assciated with cycling if the capital cities f all UNECE member cuntries had the same level f cycling as Cpenhagen. This figure wuld be higher if cities in additin t the capital cities were included. Als nte that there are limitatins t the apprach t extraplatin, e.g. range f different methds used t estimate mdal shares; estimates are frm different years; it assumes that the ptential additinal jbs can be scaled up n the basis f ppulatin and (increase in) mdal share; data fr many cities nt available, etc. 4
Infrmal dcument n. 6 THE PEP Steering Cmmittee, 11th sessin, 27-28 Nvember 2013 Benefits f actin n jbs in green and healthy transprt Key messages frm the paper: There is an emerging and unexplred area relating t jbs that might be generated by investment in green and healthy transprt, which als includes indirect and induced jbs; this emerges frm the paper verall The green and healthy transprt sectr can be a significant emplyer and cntributr t the ecnmy; this emerges frm the case studies, generally, but specifically frm the extraplatin The ptential is nt marginal; the numbers prduced are nly an indicatin f a ptentially much larger number (particularly if public transprt and ther green and healthy transprt jbs were cnsidered); this emerges frm the case studies, generally, but specifically frm the extraplatin Additinally, investing in green and healthy transprt has a number f ther benefits as a result f the nature f the jbs created: They are gd value fr mney/have a relatively high jb intensity, i.e. jbs created per millin f investment; this is demnstrated by case study 1 (EU fr rail and mass transit) and case study 4 (France fr cycling) The jbs created will be lcal jbs (and thus supprt the wider lcal ecnmy); this is demnstrated by the descriptins f the jbs assciated with green transprt (case study 2) and cycling in case studies 3 t 5 There will be a wide variety f skilled and unskilled jbs (and sme requiring new skills); this is demnstrated by the descriptins f the jbs assciated with green transprt (case study 2) and cycling in case studies 3 t 5 Investing in public transprt/active mdes als delivers indirect and induced jbs, as well as health and envirnmental benefits; this emerges frm the paper verall and will be supprted by WHO running the numbers thrugh HEAT t identify lives saved and subsequent ecnmic benefit Underline that the ptential is significant fr urban areas in particular, as walking and cycling, as well as public transprt, are especially viable mdes f transprtatin at the urban level and will therefre als deliver jbs t urban areas, thus helping t meet envirnmental, health, transprt and ecnmic plicy bjectives Summary and recmmendatins Summary f the main messages frm the paper; nte that the numbers presented, while prmising, are nt the whle picture; mre wrk is needed t identify the true scale f green and healthy transprt jbs Recmmendatins fr future wrk: need t establish better picture f jb creatin ptential f green and healthy transprt; need t determine a cmmn methdlgy t estimate/cunt jbs in green and healthy transprt (JGHT); cnsider develping a relevant indicatr, etc Recmmendatins fr actins: n the basis f the evidence cllated s far, UNECE member cuntries shuld invest in green and healthy transprt as lcal jbs will be generated that will benefit the lcal envirnment, imprve the health f the ppulatin, imprve the efficiency f urban transprt and benefit the lcal ecnmy. 5