Indian Economy in Graphs
Growth in GDP and Per-capita GDP 9 8.3 8 7 6.7 6 5.8 5 4 3 2 4.1 2.2 3.2 4.6 2.2 3.7 1 0.8 0 Phase I (1951-64) Phase II (1965-81) Phase III (1981-88) Phase IV (1988-03) Phase V (2003-10) Growth rate of GDP at factor cost Growth rate of per-capita NNP at factor cost 2
GDP at Factor Cost (Billion 1999-2000 Rupees) 40000 35000 GDP Growth Rates Phase I: 4.1% Phase II: 3.2% Phase III: 4.6% Phase IV: 5.8% Phase V: 8.5% 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1950-51 1953-54 1956-57 1959-60 1962-63 1965-66 1968-69 1971-72 1974-75 1977-78 1980-81 1983-84 1986-87 1989-90 1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2004-05 2007-08 GDP at Factor Cost (Billion 1999-2000 Rupees) 3
Per Capita GNP at factor cost in 1999-200 rupees 35000 30000 Growth Rate Phase I: 2% Growth Rate Phase II: 1% Growth Rate Phase III: 2.3% Growth Rate Phase IV: 3.8% Growth Rate Phase V: 7% 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1950-51 1953-54 1956-57 1959-60 1962-63 1965-66 1968-69 1971-72 1974-75 1977-78 1980-81 1983-84 1986-87 1989-90 1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2004-05 2007-08 Per Capita GNP at factor cost in 1999-200 rupees 4
GDP in current $Billion GDP in current dollars has grown 15.3% annually during 2003-09 1400 1200 1175 1171 1000 800 600 400 450 460 478 507 599 701 810 913 200 0 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 5
60.0 1957-58 1991-92 2001-02 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 1950-51 1953-54 1969-70: 4.1% 1956-57 1959-60 1962-63 1965-66 1968-69 1971-72 1974-75 Imports of Goods and services as % of GDP 1977-78 1980-81 1983-84 1986-87 1989-90 1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2004-05 2007-08 Trade in Goods and services as % of GDP Imports and Total Trade in Good and Services: 1950-2009 6
Total Exports of Goods and Services as % of GDP 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 1950-51 1953-54 1956-57 1959-60 1962-63 1965-66 1968-69 1971-72 1974-75 1977-78 1980-81 1983-84 1986-87 1989-90 1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2004-05 Total Exports of Goods and Services as % of GDP 2007-08 7
Total Software Exports ($Billion) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 8
50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 1973-74:Oil Crisis 1990-91 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 1950-51 1953-54 1956-57 1959-60 1962-63 1965-66 1968-69 1971-72 1974-75 1977-78 Remittances ($Billion) 1980-81 1983-84 1986-87 1989-90 1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2004-05 2007-08 9
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1950-51 1953-54 1956-57 1959-60 1962-63 1965-66 1968-69 1971-72 1974-75 1977-78 1980-81 1983-84 1986-87 1989-90 1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2004-05 2007-08 Remittances as % of GDP 10
Foreign Investment in Billion Dollars 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 1986-87 1988-89 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 11
1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Foreign Investment as % of the GDP 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 12
Total Reserves in $Billion at the End of the Fical Yea 350.0 300.0 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 1980-81 1982-83 1984-85 1986-87 1988-89 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 Total Reserves in $Billion at the End of the Fical Yea 13
Million Phones as of March 31 of the Year Shown 700.00 600.00 500.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 100.00 0.00 1948 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 14
Teledensity: Telephones Per 100 Population Urban Teledensity as of March 31 2010: 119.7 Rural Teledensity as of March 31 2010: 24.29 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 1961 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 15
Fixed line phones are now declining in absolute terms 16
17
18
19
Cars in Million 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1975-76 1977-78 1979-80 1981-82 1983-84 1985-86 1987-88 1989-90 1991-92 1993-94 1995-96 1997-98 1999-00 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10 20
Two Wheelers in Million 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 1975-76 1977-78 1979-80 1981-82 1983-84 1985-86 1987-88 1989-90 1991-92 1993-94 1995-96 1997-98 1999-00 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10 21
Total International Air Passengers in Million 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1984 1986 1988 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 22
50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 1984 1986 1988 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 Total Domestic Air Passengers in Million 23
24
350.0 300.0 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 1984 1986 1988 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 Total Domestic Air Cargo in Thousand Tonnes 25
200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 1984 1986 1988 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 Total International Air Cargo in Thousand Tonnes 26
18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1950-51 1953-54 1956-57 1959-60 1962-63 1965-66 1968-69 1971-72 1974-75 1977-78 1980-81 Private Corporate Inestment (% of GDP) 1983-84 1986-87 1989-90 1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2004-05 2007-08 27
Gross private investment as % of the GDP 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 1980-81 1982-83 1984-85 1986-87 1988-89 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 28
45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 1950-51 1952-53 1954-55 1956-57 1958-59 1960-61 1962-63 1964-65 1966-67 1968-69 1970-71 1972-73 1974-75 1976-77 1978-79 1980-81 1982-83 1984-85 1986-87 Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) 1988-89 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2000-01 2002-03 2004-05 2006-07 29
Exports of Imports of Trade in Financial Merchandise Services Merchandise Services Goods & Goods & Goods & Year Exports Exports Imports Imports Services Services Services 1990-91 18.5 4.6 27.9 3.6 23.0 32.5 54.5 1991-92 18.3 5.0 21.1 3.8 23.3 26.1 48.2 1992-93 18.9 4.7 24.3 3.6 23.6 29.0 51.5 1993-94 22.7 5.3 26.7 4.7 27.9 32.0 59.4 1994-95 26.9 6.1 35.9 5.5 33.0 42.0 74.4 Exports and Imports in Billion U.S. Dollars 1995-96 32.3 7.3 43.7 7.5 39.7 51.0 90.9 1996-97 34.1 7.5 48.9 6.7 41.6 56.4 97.3 1997-98 35.7 9.4 51.2 8.1 45.1 60.6 104.4 1998-99 34.3 13.2 47.5 11.0 47.5 60.7 106.0 1999-00 37.5 15.7 55.4 11.6 53.3 71.1 120.3 2000-01 45.5 16.3 57.9 14.6 61.7 74.2 134.2 2001-02 44.7 17.1 56.3 13.8 61.8 73.4 131.9 2002-03 53.8 20.8 64.5 17.1 74.5 85.2 156.1 2003-04 66.3 26.9 80.0 16.7 93.2 106.9 189.9 2004-05 85.2 43.2 118.9 27.8 128.5 162.2 275.2 2005-06 105.2 57.7 157.1 34.5 162.8 214.7 354.4 2006-07 128.9 73.8 190.7 44.3 202.7 264.5 437.6 2007-08 166.2 90.1 257.8 52.5 256.2 347.9 566.5 2008-09 175.2 101.2* 294.6 51.4 276.4 395.8 622.4 30
Trade as percent of the GDP FinancialMerchandise Services Merchandise Services Exports of Goods & Imports of Goods & Trade in Goods & Year Exports/GDP Exports/GDPImports/GDPImports/GDPServices/GDPServices/GDPServices/GDP 1990-91 5.8 1.4 8.8 1.1 7.3 9.9 17.2 1991-92 6.9 1.9 7.9 1.4 8.8 9.4 18.1 1992-93 7.3 1.8 9.4 1.4 9.1 10.7 19.8 1993-94 8.2 1.9 9.7 1.7 10.1 11.4 21.5 1994-95 8.3 1.9 11.1 1.7 10.2 12.8 23.0 1995-96 9.1 2.1 12.3 2.1 11.1 14.4 25.5 1996-97 8.8 1.9 12.6 1.7 10.7 14.3 25.1 1997-98 8.7 2.3 12.5 2.0 11.0 14.4 25.4 1998-99 8.2 3.2 11.4 2.6 11.4 14.1 25.5 1999-00 8.3 3.5 12.3 2.6 11.8 14.9 26.7 2000-01 9.9 3.5 12.6 3.2 13.4 15.8 29.2 2001-02 9.4 3.6 11.8 2.9 12.9 14.7 27.6 2002-03 10.6 4.1 12.7 3.4 14.7 16.1 30.8 2003-04 11.1 4.5 13.3 2.8 15.5 16.1 31.7 2004-05 12.2 6.2 17.0 4.0 18.3 20.9 39.3 2005-06 13.0 7.1 19.4 4.3 20.1 23.6 43.7 2006-07 14.1 8.1 20.9 4.9 22.2 25.7 47.9 2007-08 14.1 7.7 21.9 4.5 21.8 26.4 48.2 2008-09 15.0 8.6 25.2 4.4 23.6 29.6 53.2 31
India and China: Exports of Goods and Services in Current Dollars (Billion) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 India Service exports (BoP, current US$) 19 24 38 56 75 Goods exports (BoP, current US$) 51 61 78 102 124 China Service exports (BoP, current US$) 40 47 62 74 92 Goods exports (BoP, current US$) 326 438 593 762 970 India and China: Share of Services in Total Exports 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 India Service exports (% 0f Total) 28 28 33 35 38 China Service exports (% 0f Total) 11 10 10 9 9 32
Poverty ratio: Phase I (1951-62) 33
Poverty ratio: Phase II (1963-74) 34
Percent of Population Poverty Ratio: Phases III-V (Official) 60 50 54.9 51.3 44.5 40 38.9 36 30 27.5 20 10 0 1973-74 1977-78 1983 1987-88 1993-94 2004-05 35
100.0 90.0 94.5 89.6 80.0 70.0 60.0 75.1 77.6 61.9 50.0 49.7 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 1972-73 1977-78 1983-84 1987-88 1993-94 2004-05 Ratio of NSS/NAS Per-capita Expenditure 36
The Composition of the GDP Year Agriculture and Allied Industry* Manufactures Services 1950-51 55.3 10.6 8.9 34.1 1964-65 46.8 15.1 12.5 38.1 1975-76 42.4 16.1 12.8 41.6 1980-81 37.9 17.4 13.8 44.6 1987-88 31.7 19.3 14.9 48.9 2002-03 21.4 19.9 15.2 58.7 2008-09 17.0 18.5 14.6 64.5 *Industry includes manufactures; mining and quarrying; and electricity, gas and water. Note: Calculated using GDP at factor cost at constant 1999-2000 prices 37
Rising Share of Services Stagnant Share of Industry 100% Shares in the GDP 80% 60% 40% 20% Industry Agriculture Services 0% 1990-91 1993-94 1996-97 1999-00 2002-03 2005-06 2008-09 38
Billion 1999-2000 Rupee 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1950-51 1953-54 1956-57 1959-60 1962-63 1965-66 1968-69 1971-72 1974-75 1977-78 1980-81 Agriculture and Allied Activties 1983-84 1986-87 1989-90 1992-93 1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2004-05 2007-08 GDP other than Agriculture & Allied Activities 39
70 64.8 60 58.5 50 40 30 28.9 20 19.2 10 0 1993-94 2004-05 1993-94 2004-05 Output Shares Employment Shares Agriculture and Allied Activities 40