EASA need for Standards and AMC for Unmanned Aircraft

Transcription

1 EASA need for Standards and AMC for Unmanned Aircraft The way ahead on unmanned aircraft Prepared by EASA Team Presented by S Ronig TE.GEN

2 Table of Contents Pillars of the new regulatory framework EASA Technical Opinion including Categories of operation: Open Specific Certified Implementation Roadmap and need for Standards The way ahead on UA Need for Standards 2

3 What is a Drone, RPAS, UAV, UAS, UA? From small consumer devices used for recreation to large aircraft? The way ahead on UA Need for Standards 3

4 Pillars of proposed approach Operation centric Consequences of loss of control highly dependent on operating environment Risk based 3 categories: open, specific, certified Commercial as well as non commercial Smooth No undue burden on the aviation system 4

5 Categories of Operation Low risk OPEN: No involvement of Aviation Authority Limitations (Visual line of sight, Maximum Altitude, distance from airport and sensitive zones) Flights over crowds not permitted except for harmless subcategory Increased risk SPECIFIC Approval based on Specific Operation Risk assessment (SORA) Approved by NAA possibly supported by accredited QE unless approved operator with privilege Manual of Operations mandatory to obtain approval CERTIFIED Regulatory regime similar to manned aviation Certified operations to be defined by implementing rules Pending criteria definition, EASA accepts application in its present remit Some systems (Datalink, Detect and Avoid, ) may receive an independent approval 5

6 Open Category: Harmless sub-category Specific harmless thresholds tbc with Impact Assessment activity OPEN Harmless < 250 g A0 A1 A2 < 25 Kg Light / Very light market regulation Subject to local restrictions Do not operate recklessly Followoperating instructions and does and don ts Including FPV (First Person View) Product Legislation Instructions manual The way ahead on UA Need for Standards 6

7 Open Category: A0 A2 subcategories Product and Pilot Requirements Product Legislation Product must comply with legislation HL A0 A1 A2 OPEN < 250 g < 25 Kg Adequate pilot competence required Instructions manual Mandatory Registration The way ahead on UA Need for Standards 7

8 Open Category: A0 A2 subcategories Operational and Functional Requirements HL A0 A1 A2 OPEN < 250 g < 25 Kg Compliance with Identification requirements Compliance with no drone zones and special drone zones supported with automatic geo-limitation technology Observe minimum distance from uninvolved persons, fly only in VLOS and do not fly over crowds Identification 150 m Geo-limitation The way ahead on UA Need for Standards 8

9 Specific category SORA Elements Area of Operation Airspace UA Design Operational Procedure Pilot Competence Risk Assessment Operation Authorisation (OA) Limitations Limitations Organizational Factors Speed MTBM Effect on Environment Improvements Needed 9

10 Specific category Standard Solutions Industry and Standardisation bodies are expected to provide standard solutions to address the risks associated with the use of UA in standard scenarios These solutions can be envisaged as predefined templates / forms of simplified risk assessments If the operation fits the form (all the fields can satisfactorily be compiled and/or criteria positively matched) the approval should be granted In this case the operation approval process would be very simple and would not require the know-how of traditional aviation organizations Operation Media use in urban environment 10

11 Standard Activity Media Use in Urban Environment Area of Operation Population density during operation < Presence of crowds: no Traffic overflown: no Airspace template Nearest airport area > Km Low level helicopter traffic: no UA Design Weight < Kg including payload Dangerous materials: no MTBCF (minimum time between critical failures) > Operations Template Max flight altitude < Max speed: Operation duration, number of operations forecasted, Activity Media use in urban environment 11

12 Other standard activities Industrial Inspections Power centrals Nuclear Mining Naval Aviation Precision farming Monitoring Fertilizer spreading Infrastructures inspections. Railways Power lines.. Activity 12

13 Certified category Implementing rules included in existing rules for manned aviation Drone and components Organisations Personnel Certification Specifications Type Certificates (Full / Restricted) Certificates of Airworthiness European Technical Standard Order Approvals (ETSO) (option) Design Organisation Approval Production Organisation Approval Maintenance Organisation Approval Training Organisation Approval Licensed pilot Remote Operator Certificate (ROC) Safety Objectives Complemented by Technical Standards Standard for Operational aspects Standard for Licencing aspects 13

14 Draft Roadmap Rulemaking Rulemaking programme IR for Open Category IR for Specific Adaptation of IR from manned aviation CS for unmanned aeroplanes / rotorcrafts Guidance material and AMC preliminary Adaptation of SERA Adaptation of occurrence reporting rules Product Safety legislation (DG GROW) 14

15 Draft Roadmap -work in progress (III) Steer Standards production in Cooperation with Standardization Bodies Identification Geo-limitation Detect and Avoid Command and Control Ground control station Flight termination/ recovery systems Operational scenarios for specific category Pilot competence and training Interfaces for information exchange and data formats Highest priority for standards supporting open category ATM concept of operation 15

16 Need for standards and criticality Open Category Specific Category Certified Category Market Regulations Operation "standard scenario" "safety assessment" "BVLOS" "local" National IFR "ICAO" Product safety toys n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Product safety consumer n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Product safety professional n/a n/a n/a n/a Geographical limitation systems n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a map format n/a n/a data-exchange n/a n/a Identification Registration Low Level ATM n/a n/a n/a Performance based rules n/a n/a n/a "ATM" Data link n/a n/a n/a Vehicle Performance Standard n/a n/a n/a "Airspace" rules n/a n/a n/a Pilot competence n/a C2/Remote control Specific standard scenarios n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Small drone standard n/a n/a n/a Design and production n/a UA airworthiness standards n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Detect and Avoid n/a n/a Recovery Systems n/a n/a Automatic Take off/landing n/a n/a Ground Control Station n/a n/a n/a n/a Pilot Workplace n/a n/a n/a n/a Handover Process n/a n/a n/a n/a CPDLC n/a n/a n/a n/a Operation&Oversight n/a n/a n/a n/a on track due to: existing basis or productive working group quite on track due to agreed principles and running working group or only supportive standard less critical compared to orange or due to existing alternatives critical due to; challenging task, absent of coordinated working group, lack of international agreement highly Critical due to: extremly urgent need, absent of appropriate drafting body, lack of technological solution, controversial 16

17 Summary-Conclusion EASA technical opinion on UA: Foundation for future work Illustrate articles and essential requirements of the proposed Basic Regulation Guidance for Authorities for further development of their rules Provides roadmap Important step for safe, secure, environmentally friendly Unmanned Aircraft Operations respecting privacy of the citizens however significant work ahead of us Roadmap further developed in cooperation with EC and NL presidency EASA is committed to work in cooperation with all stakeholders 17

18 Thank you for your attention! Comments and reactions welcome