Description of A p helenchoi des bessey i f rom Abnormal Rice wit h Small Grains and Erect Panicles in China

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1 ( Chinese J Rice Sci), 2005, 19 (4) : http :/ / www. ricescience. org 361 1, ( 1, ; 2, ; 3, E2mail public1. ptt. js. cn) Description of A p helenchoi des bessey i f rom Abnormal Rice wit h Small Grains and Erect Panicles in China L IN Mao2song 1, 3, D IN G Xiao2fan 1, WAN G Zi2ming 2, ZHOU Feng2ming 2, L IN Na 1 ( 1 Plant Protection College, N anj ing A g ricultural Universit y, N anj ing , China; 2 Dahua Seeds Com pany L t d. of J iangsu Province, N anj ing , China; 3 Corres ponding author, E2mail : ptt. js. cn) Abstract : The abnormal rice with small grains and erect panicles were found on a large scale in Jiangsu, China, which showed that the length of rice panicle was shortened and number of grains was decreased in comparison with normal rice, and grains were small and black2brown, moreover, some of them were unfilled, while flag leaf was normal. A kind of nematode of A phelenchoi des was isolated from the rice variety Wuyujing 3 with small grains and erect panicles. There were 2014 nematodes in one hundred grains infected, and up to 74 in a single grain, 92 percent of the grains tested had nematodes in t he infested panicles. The diagnosis characters of nematode included that lateral fields was about one2fourth as wide as body, with four in2 cisures. The terminus bore a mucro of diverse shape with 3-4 pointed processes. The female post2vulval uterine sac extends less than 50 % of distance from vulva to anus, no sperm in it. Oocytes usually arranged in 2-4 rows. The male spicules has a middle rostrum. Morphological character and measurements showed that it might be conspecific with A phelenchoi des besseyi Christie, Key words : A phelenchoi des besseyi ; abnormal rice with small grains and erect panicle ; identification ; rice :,,,,,,3, 2014,74,92 %, 4,,34 ; 1/ 2,,,24 ; Fortuner (1970), A phelenchoi des besseyi Christie, 1942 : ; ; ; : S ; S : A : (2005) , (, ), [1 ], 10,? (), 10 %30 %,50 % 1,, hm 2, 5 kg,7. 5 [2 ], [1,2 ],, [3 ],,, [4,5 ] 1. 1, 7, 25,5 h 1. 2 ( 3 ) : ; : : ( ),,,

2 362 ( Chinese J Rice Sci) 19 4 ( ), FP4 1 Zeiss Axiovision 4,De2 Man 1. 3 [6 ],2 % 24 h,3, 20 min ; 1 % 3 h, 3, 20 min ; 30 % 50 % 70 % 90 % 100 %, 20 min, 1 31 h, 5 h,70 35 h,, 1 (3 ) Fig. 1. Symptom of abnormal rice with small grains and erect panicle. A,B - ; C, D, E - A,B, Abnormal panicles ; C,D,E, Normal panicles. 2, 15 %, %,30 %, 50 %,5 %25 %, 1,3 (12 10 %30 % [1,2 ] 1 A B) :,,,,,, 2014,,,, , 74 (12C D E), 92 % 1 Table 1. Distribution of Aphelenchoides besseyi in the abnormal rice with small grains and erect panicles. ( ) Grains in the primary branches (from bottom to top) ( ) Primary branches in the panicles(from bottom to top) : 7 ; ( ) Note : Rice variety was Wuyunjing 7 ; Sample from Sanhe farm, Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province (Oct. 2004).

3 : Fortuner ( 1970) Table 2. Comparison between A. besseyi from abnormal rice with small grains and erect panicles in Jiangsu, China and one of the Senegal( Fortu2 ner,1970). Character A phelenchoi des besseyi ( Senegal ; Fortuner,1970) A phelenchoi des besseyi (Jiangsu, China ; 2004) L/ mm / a / b / b / c / V S /L / T Sp /L L, Total body lengt h ; a, Body lengt h/ greatest body widt h ; b, Body lengt h/ distance from anterio end to t he junction of oesophagus and in2 testine ; b, Body lengt h/ distance from anterior end to posterior end of oesophageal glands ; c, Body lengt h/ tail lengt h ; V, Distance from vulva to anterior end/ body lengt h 100 ; S, Stylet lengt h ; T, Distance from cloaca to t he most anterior part of testis/ lengt h 100 ; Sp, Spicules lengt h ,, 1/ 4, 4,,, 1/ 2, 6,45,, 0. 9m,,34 Fort uner (1970) Sefa (2),, 2. 3 :,,,,, 2 Fig. 2. Morphological character of A. besseyi from abnormal rice with small grains and erect panicles observed with a scanning electron microscopy. A - ; B - ; C,D - A, Female head ; B, Lateral field ; C,D, Shape of mucro.

4 364 ( Chinese J Rice Sci) 19 4 ( ) 45 %,,, 48,,,, 24,,,, ,1/ 3 1/ 2,;,, :, J,,,,, ( 3) , A p helenchoi des bessey i Christie, 1942 [7] : 4,,34, 1/ 2,,, 24 (ro st rum) A. bessey i A. ritzem abosi Steiner Buhrer, 1932, 4,, (3),,, A. f ragari ae ; 3,,,, [8,9 ], [10 ] ( Dend robi um nobile), 3 Fig. 3. Morphological structure of A. besseyi from abnormal rice with small grains and erect panicles. A - ; B - ; C - ; D - A, Median oesophageal bulb ; B, Ovary anterior portion of t he metacarpus showing t heoocytes and spermat heca ; C, Vulva and post2vulva2 luterine sac ; D, Spicules.

5 : Table 3. Comparison of morphological character on A. besseyi, A. ritzemabosi and A. f ra gariae. Character A. besseyi A. ritzemabosi A. f ragariae Incisure Mucro Oocytes Post2vulval 1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2 Apex, Rost rum,, ( Dioscorea t ri f i da),,, [11 ] [4,5 ],, cm,, 3 7,,,,,, 2,,, 3,,,,,, ( A p helenchoi des bessey i),,,,, 2,, 3 : 1,,,.., 2003, (5) :1-6. 2,,,.., 2004, (3) : ,,..,1998,12 (1) : ( ). :, Ou S H. Rice Diseases. Kew, England : Commonwealt h Myco2 logical Institute, ,..,1986, (2) : Franklin M T, Siddiqi M R. A phelenchoi des besseyi. In : Com2 monwealt h Institute of Helminthology. Discriptions of plant2par2 asitic nematodes Set 1, No. 4. St. Albans, Herts : Common2 wealth Institute of Helminthology, Togashi K, Hoshino S. Distribution pattern and mortality of t he white tip nematode, A phelenchoi des besseyi ( Nematoda : Aphe2 lenchoididae), among rice seeds. Nematology, 2001,3 (1) : Hoshino S, Togashi K. Effect of water2soaking and air2drying on survival of A phenchoi des besseyi in Ory z a sativa seeds. Nematology, 2000,32 (3) : ,,.., 1989,19 (1) : , 1992,34 (3) :