Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Transcription

1 इ टरन ट म नक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. ज न1 क अ+धक र, ज 1 क अ+धक र Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan The Right to Information, The Right to Live प0र 1 क छ ड न' 5 तरफ Jawaharlal Nehru Step Out From the Old to the New IS 3267 (1981): General requirements for Anchors [TED 17: Shipbuilding]! न $ एक न' भ रत क +नम-ण Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda Invent a New India Using Knowledge! न एक ऐस खज न > ज कभ च0र य नहB ज सकत ह ह Bhartṛhari Nītiśatakam Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

2

3

4 Indian Standard IS : GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ANCHORS ( First Revision ) First Reprint DECEMBER 1992 UDC BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MAHAIC BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEWDELHI11000a G-4,j%ns 1981

5 Indian Standard IS : GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ANCHORS ( First Revision ) Shipbuilding Sectional Committee, MCPD 1 Chair nmn Representing SHRI S. P.\R.\I.\X.\SI)l?:\N hlinistr!; of Defence ( NHQ) DIRISCWI~ OF NAVAI, CONSTI<IJCTIOX ( Alternale to Sllri S. Parmanxnclhan ) Slnlr s. K. BOSE Gartl n Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd, Cfalcutt:: SHlrr h. R. CHOIz31 The India,, National Shipowners Association, Bombay SHRI R: ROY Cnow~,nv I<Y tmcutta Port Trust, Calcutta Slrirr V. G. D.\-\II.u AFCO I.td, Bombay; and Institute of Marinr T!zdmologists, Bombay S!lKI.\. Kal=rrn <.Iltcmnte) SHll1 li ~3. PARA1,KAR (.dheyllote) SJIIXI 1:. D. \I\ AI>I.A( Alternnte ) SIIRI A. T. JOSXPH ( dltcrunte j Cwr P. S. B.\i<vis ( :lltir;uiti i I~oslr sl.:,-l:,~:,.\,<y Thv Institute of?r4arine Engineers ( Indian Division Council ), Roml)ay SIIUI.I. T. JOSISPH ( :litertratp) SI!M 1). B. IU,\SI Diwctor:~t~ Gcn<~;\l of Shipping, Bomba) S~IKI.J. S. BHATTI ( Ahrrrate ) SHllI h1.\l,.%x L. KOCHHAR Xmerican Bureau of Shipping. Bombay SXU<I I. K. I$-\NER,JEE (.d/tertldp) SHRI T. S. Ra.la~ SHILI c. hf. Rho Ericson & Richards, Rornbay Hindustan Shipyard l.rd, Vlshakhapatnam Sal<1 S. SKISIv.~s.\s ( dltcrnnte ) SHIU H. S. R.\o Indian Registrr Shipping, Bombay SHRI S. R.\TRA Lloyd s Register of Shipping, Bombay SHRI D. MADHOIC ( Afternate ) CDK N. RIVINDRANATH.~S 34inistrv of Defrncc ( DGI ) L,r A. S. OBEROI (.Ilternnte ) ( Continued on page 2 ) I CjTJ Col,vright 1981 I)URmU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian CopyrigM Act (XIV of 1957 ) and I reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act. I

6 Representing SSWI l<. SANKARANARAYANAN Directorate GtLnrral of Ttxhnical I)c:velopmcnt, New Delhi SHEI H. K. SHARiX.4 (dkt?l~~e) SIIIU B. Ii. SAWAXKAR Cochin Shipyard Ltd, Co&in SJ~I~I P. R. GOVIL (Alternate) SHRI G. SINHA SF India Ltd, Calcutta Sawr H. SVENYSON ( Ahnate ) CAPT V. SUBRAMANIAN The Shipping Corporation of India Ltd, Bombay SIIRI S. SUNDARA~~ ( Alternate ) &RI T. N. SUJAN Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Bombay SHRI A. B. THAKUR Ministry of Shipping & Transport SHRI S. N. SUMAN ( Alternate) SHRI P. S. DAS, Director General, ISI ( Ex-o&o n4ember) Director ( MCPD ) Secretary SH~I V. K. SEHCaL Deputy Director ( MCPD ), ISI 2

7 IS: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ( First Revision ) 0, FOREWORD FOR ANCHORS 0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision) was adopted 1)~ the Indian Standards Institution on 27 February 1981, after the draft finalized by the Marine Engineering and Shipbuilding Sectional Committee had been approved by the Mechanical Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Various types of anchors are used for anchoring of ships, barges, dredgers and other crafts. Selection of a particular class ef anchor is covered by relevant statutory and classification society rules. 0.3 This standard was first published in The need for the revision of this standard was felt regarding heat treatment of the material and the range of actual weight from 30 to 75 kg for the proof load test. The proof loads for the respective actual weights have also been revised. The additional-requirements, such as bend test have been incorporated. 0.4 This standard is one of a series of Indian Standards on anchors. Other standards in the series are: IS : Specification for stockless anchors ( for ships use ) ( jirst reuisim~ ) IS : Specification for stock anchors ( for ships use ) (Jirst revision ) IS : Specification for stock and single fluke stock anchors ( for harboui use ). 0.5 In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from JIS F Anchors, issued by the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee. 0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : *. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. *Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). 3

8 IS : SCOPE 1.1 l his standartl lays dolvn the i) General requirements for anchors for Sllilirl and!rarbour use. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 1:~ lhe prrrpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. 2.1 Stoclcless Anchor - A stockless anchor as the name implies does not have a stock. The head is not made in one piece with the shank but pivots about a pin which passes through the crown and shank. By virtue of the shape of the head, as the anchor takes the load, the flukes dig into the sea bed and hold. This is used mainly by ships. The names of differ-e at parts of stockless anchor are given in Fig Stock Anchor - A stock anchor as the name implies has a stock kept normal to the shank. The head of the anchor is made integral with the shank. When the anchor is dropped, t-he stock rests horizontally on the sea bed. The flukes that are at right angles to the stock dig into the sea bed as load is taken up by the anchor. This is used by ships, barges, dredgers and other crafts, at anchorage and in harbours. The names of different parts of the stock anchor are given in Fig Single Fluke Stock Anchor - A single fluke stock anchor is similar to stock anchor, but with a single fluke instead of two. This is usecl on smaller ships and crafts in harbours and sheltered waters. The names of different parts of the single fluke stock anchor are given in Fig Nominal Mass - The nominal mass of an anchor is the calculated mass for a stockless anchor, calculated mass excluding stock for stock an&or for ships use, calculated total mass for stock anchor and single fluke stock anchor for harbour use. 3. CLASSIFICATION 3.1 Depending on the shape and use, anchors are classified as: a) stockless anchors ( for ships use ), b) stcbck anchors ( for ships and harbour use ), and c) single f?uke stock anchors ( for harbour use ), 4

9

10

11 ANCHOR SHACKLE /f SHANK n a b C d e 6 DETAIL AT X c FLUKE OR PALM LIFTING SHACKLE J /- FIG. 3 NOMENCLA~REAND MARKING FORSINGLE FLUKE STOCK ANCHORS

12 IS : REQUIREMENTS 4.1 The construction, shape and dimensions of stockless anchors, stock anchors and single fluke stock anchors shall be as given in IS : *, IS : i, and IS : :. 4.2 The anchors shall be of the design and materials to be agreed upon between the rnanuf;:~cturer and the purchaser. 4.3 The actual mass of stocklcss anchor, excluding shank, shall not be less than 3/5 of the actual total nu ss of the anchor, and the actual mass of stock of stock anchor shall not be less than l/4 of that of the anchor,.excluding stock, ;ind the actual weight of the stock of single fluke stock anchor should, as a rule, be l/4 of the actual total weight. 5. MATERIAL 5.1 The material used in construction and process of manufacture for various parts of nncho~s shall be as given in Table 1. TABLE 1 MATERIALS UPED IN CONSTRVCTION AND PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE FOR VARIOUS PARTS OF ANCHORS CLASSIbW.\T!ON P.\R J!S OF.h(-JtORS MATERIAL Stockless anchor Head Stock anchor and single fluke Stock-anchor Head pin Shank Anchor shackle and bolt Shank with crown Anchor shackle and bolt Stock Lifting shackle Ctst steel or forged steel I:orgvd steel, Grade 2 Forged steel, Grade 2 or cast steel Forged steel, Grade 2 Cast strel or forged steel Forged steel, Grade 2 IS : * or IS : 32GI-1966t IS : @ IS ;* or IS q IS : txt IS : * IS : 326l-19G6t IS : Gt Forged steel, Grade 2 IS : or or cast steel IS : Gt Forged steel, Grade 1 IS : or or cast steel IS : Specification for steel castings for ships structure (first rcutiion). tspecification for carbon steel forgings for shipbuilding industry. or *Specification for stocklcss anchors ( for ships use ) (jirsr rcutiion ). tspecitication for stock anchors (Jirst reoision ). $Specification for stock and single fluke stock anchors ( for harbour use). 8

13 IS: Where more than one anchor head is poured from a charge not exceeding kg, one tensile and one bend test per charge shall be accepted. 6. MANUFACTURING PROCESS 6.1 Steel castings of the anchor shall be made by electric furnace or open-hearth process and be properly heat-treated after being cast according to the thickness of castings. 7. TESTS 7.1 The tests shall be conducted in the presence and to the requirements of the Inspecting Authority. 7.2 Weighing and Visual Inspection-Before heat treatment all parts of anchors shall be inspected for construction, shape, dimensions, defects and weight and all of them shall conform to the standards given in Percussive Test ( Drop Test ) - The drop test shall be conducted on each part of the cast steel anchors either in an assembled condition or separately. The cast steel anchor and all the cast steel parts shall be annealed prior to the test. The anchor or the parts to be tested shall be dropped from a height given in Table 2, on to a 10 cm thick steel plate or slab, placed on a solid and sound foundation or on a.one metre thick concrete foundation. The height of the fall shall be measured from the bottom point of the part to be tested. The impact with the ground shall produce no cracks or other defects on the parts under test. The method of testing cast steel anchors in assembled condition shall be as given in and TABLE 2 PERCUSSIVE MASBOFSTEEL C&STING, kg Less than 761,, 761 and above TEST HEIQHT OB FALL, m The anchor head shall fall vertically and the shank of stockless anchor and the stock of the stock anchor shall fall horizontally The shank and arms of stock anchor shall be raised to the given height and dropped first horizontally and then vertically, on the subsequent drop. When dropping the stock anchor vertically, the arms 9

14 IS : shall rest on two steel blocks such that the middle of each fluke strikes the middle ofeach block, as shown in Fig. 4. The crown shall remain clear of steel plate when dropped. L SOLID FOUNDATION Fro. 4 DROP TEST FOR STOCK ANCHORS 7.4 Hammering Test - After the drop test, the cast parts shall be slung and hammered with a sledge hammer of weight not less than 3 kg. The anchor shall then be examined for defects of fracture or cracks. 7.5 Bend Test - The test piece shall be cast integral with each casting and heat-treated together with the base metal. The bend test shall be carried out by any one,of the methods A, B or C given in Table 3; then the test piece shall be free from any cracks or other defects on t,he outside of bent part. TABLE 3 BEND TEST METHOD A B C Test Piece Rectangular section Rectangular section of 25 mm wide by of 25.4 mm wide by 19 mm thick and 12.7 inm, thick and chemfered with chemfered with 1.5 mm radius l-6 mm radius Round bar of 25.4 mm diameter Angle of bend Internal radius 25 mm 25.4 mm 38.1 mm 7.6 Proof Load Test - The anchor shall be subjected to a proof load as given in Table 4. When anchors are pulled gradually from approximately 10 percent of proof load to full load and then released to initial 10

15 IS : load, the permissible change of the gauge length ( from the centre of shackle pin to tip of fluke ) shall not exceed 20 mti. A method of applying the proof load to the anchors as covered under the statutory provisions of the anchors and chain cables act for testing of anchors is given in Appendix A. TABLE 4 PROOF LOAD TEST FOR ANCHORS MASS OF ANCHOR PROOF TEST MASS OB ANOHOR PROOF TEST kg LOAD, kn kg LOAD, kn (1) (2) (1) (2) 30 ii :s IOD ;ii ::: O 224-o 231-O 239-o O O o l O 132-O O O , ,300, 3 E O 11

16 IS : TABLE 4 PROOF LOAD TEST FOR ANCHORS - Conrd ~l.wl OF ANCHOI: PROOF TEST MASSOFANcHoR PROOF TEST k LOAD, ki i kg LOAD,kN O io GO O i O O O * I G o o o NOTE - Proof interpolation. loads for intermediate o I mass are to be determined by linear For stockless anchors the load is applied on both flukes simultaneously, as shown in Fig. 5A For stock anchors, the load is applied to each fluke separatel y at the point indicated in Fig. 5B. 12

17 rhelght ADJUSTED FOR CI,lVCC l-a PI rrn L rxc.2 IV LLcnn ESTING MACHINE BED CRANE SUPPORTING DURING TESTA/I -FIXED HEAD OF TESTING MACHINE WOODEN WEDGE SUPPORTIN ANCHOR DURING TEST BRIDLE CHAIN CONNECTING TEST BAR TO FIXED HEAD OF TESTING MACHINE LENGTH OF ARM A/ LTEST BAR FIG. 5A PROOF TEST FOR STOCKLESS ANCHORS

18 IS : CRANE SUPPORT TO ANCHOR DURING TEST LENGTH OF ARM FIN. 5B PROOF TEST FOR ANCHORS 8. DESIGNATION 8.1 The anchor shall be designated by the name, nominal weight and use. 9. PRESERVATION 9.1 The anchor shall be coated with a suitable preservative. 10. MARKING 10.1 The anchor head and shank shall be marked by the words Forged Steel or Cast Steel as the case tnay be The anchors shall also be stamped with the following particulars: b) c) 4 e) f) 9) 4.i) k) Identification mark of a test house approved i)y the Inspecting Authority, Yumher of certificates, Date of test ( other than drop test ), Initials Proof load, of the Inspector/Surveyor, Initials/mark of the Inspecting Authority, Maq of anchor, Mass of anchor head., Xumber of drop test certificate, and Date of drop test. 14

19 IS : On stock anchors the markings shall Ire denoted by the alpllabcls in 10.2, as shown in l:ig On single fluke stock anchors t11c markings shall he denoted by the alphabets in 10.2, as shown in Fig On stockless anchors, the marking shall be dencted hy the alphabets in 10.2, as shown in l;ig. 1. The markings in the square on the head correspond io drop test and those on the shank and in the circle on the head correspond to proof test Certificates of test by the Inspecting Authority shall he given after the successful completion of all the tests Anchors may also be marked with the IS1 Certification Mark. NOTE - The use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The IS1 Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by IS1 and operated by the producer. ISI marked products are also continuously checked by IS1 for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the IS1 Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, mav be obtain&l from the Indian Standards Institution. APPENDIX (Clause 7.6) A TESTING OF ANCHORS A-l. The procedure framed to meet the Anchors and Chain Cables Act, 1899, of United Kingdom is given in A-l.1 for guidance, as a method of applying the prescribed load under the said.act. A-l.1 The anchor is first weighed and proof strain to be applied is ascertained from tables. The drop test markings are then checked against the certificate supplied by the manufacturers. The centre of crown pin is then defined and the length of shank, length of arm, 213 position on arm and diameter of trend are measured and noted. The anchor is then slung about the shank at a position near to the head and lifted and checked to see that the shank bears against the head when arms are at the extreme angle in relationship to the shank. The anchor is then lifted into the machine and lowered over the testing bar until the tip of arms is l/3 of their measured length below the bearing position 15

20 IS : of the testing bar. Oak, wedge shaped blocks are then placed between the shank and testing bar to retain correct position, the anchor still being held by the crane. J%e anchor shackle is then conncrtcd to the testing machine and a strain approximately l/io of the required proof stt.ain applied; centre punch marks are then made at the tip of the flukes and from these a gauge length is trammelled and set to a position on the end of the shank near to shackle. The proof load is then applied and the load released back to the first loading; the trammel is then checked over the previous marking to ascertain if any permanent set has occurred. I he anchor is then remoi,ed from test bed and whilst still slung the arms itrr hammered for soundness. The anchor is tlten turned over and tire procedure repeated..4fter application of the tensile test the anchor is dismantled, all parts examined and weighed. The crown pin, inside 01 head and blocks if needed are then blacked and the anchor reassembled, marked, riveted if necessary and finally blacked. 16

21 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. NEW DELHI Telephones : Telegrams : Manaksansthe (Common to all Offices) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. NEW DELHI i * Eastern : 1114 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA Northern : SC , Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS t Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC. Marol, Andheri (East), BOMBAY Branch Offices : Pushpak, Nurmohamed Shaikh Mart& Khanpur, AHMADABAD t Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road, BANGALORE Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL Plot No. 82/63, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR Kalai Kathir Building, 6/48-A Avanasi Road, COfMBATORE Quality Marking Centre, N.H. IV, N.I.T., FARIDABAD Savitri Complex, 116 G, T. Road, GHAZIABAD Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road. 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI C L. N. Gupta Marg, ( Nampally Station Road ) HYDERABAD R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR Plot No. A-9, House No. 561/63. Sindhu Nagar, Kanpur Roao. LUCKNOW Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA District Industries Centre Complex, Bagh-e-Ali Maidan. SRINAGAR T. C. No. 14/1421, University P. O., Palayam. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM fnspecfion Offices (With Sale Point) : Pushpanjali. First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road. Shank& Nagar Square, NAGPUR Institution of Engineers (India) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar. PUNE Sales Office Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0. Princep Street, CALCUTTA t Sales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, BOMBAY $ Sales Office is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, BANGALORE Xeprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India