Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Transcription

1 इ टरन ट म नक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. ज न1 क अ+धक र, ज 1 क अ+धक र Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan The Right to Information, The Right to Live प0र 1 क छ ड न' 5 तरफ Jawaharlal Nehru Step Out From the Old to the New IS 2808 (1964): Method for computation of capacity tables for pressurized storage tanks [PCD 1: Methods of Measurement and Test for Petroleum, Petroleum Products and Lubricants]! न $ एक न' भ रत क +नम-ण Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda Invent a New India Using Knowledge! न एक ऐस खज न > ज कभ च0र य नहB ज सकत ह ह Bhartṛhari Nītiśatakam Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

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4 IS : Indian Standard METHOD FOR COMPUTATION OF CAPACITY TABLES FOR PRESSURIZED STORAGE TANKS ( Third Reprint DECEMBER 1993 ) UDC : : BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC3 NEW DELHI Gr 6 February 1965

5 IS: Indian Slandard METHOD FOR COMPUTATION OF CAPACITY TABLES FOR PRESSURIZED STORAGE TANKS Petroleum Measurements Sectional Committee, CDC 32 Chairman Representing DR H. K. JOSHI ESSO Standard Refining Co. of India Ltd., Bombay Members &RI V. J. BAKRE Ministry of Finance (Department of Revenue) SHRI K. S. S~JBRAMANIAN (Alternate) Smu T. B. BHONSLE Central Public Works Department EXECUTIVE ENGINEER (AIlernate) Snrr E. M. BHUMGARA Caltex (India) Ltd., Bombay; and Caltex Oil Refining (India) Ltd., Visakhapatnam SHRI A. M. ARANHA (Altevnale) Caltex (India) Ltd., Bombay SHRI N. S. RAO (Alternate) Caltex Oil Refining (India) Ltd., Visakhapatnam COL R. K. S. BINDRA Directorate of Supply & Transport, Quartermaster General s Branch, Army Headquarters MAJ S. JOHN (AIfevnafe) SHRI H. N. DESAI Revenue & Industries Department (Government of Gujarat) DIRECTOR, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF Council of Scientific & Industrial Research PETROLEUM. DEHRA DUN SHRI K. B. GANESAN Directorate General of Civil Aviation (Ministry of Transport & Communications) SHRI J. M. GUHA Ministry of Petroleum & Chemicals DR. G. JAYARAMARAO (AI1~rnnle) SHRI A. S. KRISHNASWAMY Indian Oil Co. Ltd., Bombay SHRI N. A. MANDES Indo-Burma Petroleum Co. Ltd., Bombay SHRI R. M. CHARI (Alternate) SHRI S. N. NAKHATE ESSO Standard Eastern Inc., Bombay SHRI A. N. NANDY Ministry of Defence (R & D) SHRI D. M. BANERJEE (Altcmale) (Continued on page 2) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR NEW DELHI MARG

6 I8: (ContinNed from page 1) Mmnb6rs Repvcsesting Seu P. K. NAYSR Directorate of Weights % Measures (Ministry of International Trade) SBRI V. B. MAINUAR (AkworC) SEIRI N. R. RANGANATHAN' Indian Refineries Ltd., New Delhi SHRI N. S. BHATNAGAR (Altevnah) SERl B. N.?tANGWANI Ministry of Finance (Department of Revenue) SHRl T. R. RAO Burmah-Shell Oil Storage & Distributing Co; of India Ltd., Bombay SHRX A. S. VAIDYA (Altemats) SHRI K. K. ROY Western India Oil Distributing Co. Ltd., Bombay SHRX M. C. DESAI (Attekate) SENIOR MIECHANICAL ENGINEER Railway Board (Ministry of Railways) (FUEL) DR. B. S. SUBRAHNANYAY DR. SADGOPAL, Deputy Director (Chem) Assam Oil Co. Ltd., Digboi Director, ISI (Ex-oflcio kferrrber) Secretary Sxax D. DAS GIJPTA Assistant Director (Chem), IS1 Pressure Vessels for Liquefied Petroleum Gases Subcommittee, CDC 32:4 Convener SHRI A. S. VAIDYA Burmah-Shell Refineries Ltd., Bombay Members SHRI D. K. MODY ESSO Standard Refining Co. of India Ltd., Bombay SHRI N. S. V. SASIRY Indian Refineries Ltd., New Delhi SHRI D. J. CHANDY (Attenuate)

7 IS: Indian Standard METHOD FOR COMPUTATION OF CAPACITY TABLES FOR PRESSURIZED STORAGE TANKS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 24 April 1964, after the draft finalized by the Petroleum Measurements Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council. 9.2 The problem of accurate measurement of bulk quantities of liquid petroleum products is not a simple one. Its solution involves accurate engineering and mathematical work, the skill of the experienced oil gaugek, and the use of carefully standardized and calibrated equipment. Accuracy in measurement is essential in the sale, purchase and handling of oil. It not only obviates possible disputes between buyer and seller, but also provides the only reliable means of maintaining adequate control over storage and distribution losses. 0.3 The measurement of bulk quantities of liquid petroleum products involves various processes such as calibration and computation of capacity tables of tanks, gauging of tanks, temperature measurement of oils, and calculation of bulk quantities of oils in tanks. The need for accurate calibration of tanks cannot, therefore, be overemphasized. The object of this standard, therefore, is to lay down methods to be adopted uniformly in the country which will enable cpmputation of capacity tables for pressurized storage tanks. 0.4 In the preparation of this standard due consideration had been given to the prevailing trade practices in the country and to the need for international co-ordination among standards prevailing in different countries of the world in this field. These considerations led the Sectional Committee to base this standard on Petroleum Measurement Manual issued by the Institute of Petroleum (Ii ), London and standards and other publications of the American Society For Testing and Jfaterials (ASTM), Philadelphia, USA. 0.5OThis standard is one of a series of Indian Standards on methods for computation of capacity tables for vessels used for bulk storage of liquid petroleum and petroleum products. This standard covers methods of computation of capacity tables for pressure vessels of the type (a) vertical 3

8 IS: cylinders, (b) horizontal cylinders, (c) spheres, and (d) plain spheroids and noded spheroids, 0.6 In reporting the result of (a test made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS: SCOPE 1.1 This standard prescribes methods of computation of capacity tables for the following types of vessels which are normally used for the bulk storage of liquid petroleum and petroleum products under pressure: a) Vertical tanks, b) Horizontal tanks, c) Spherical tanks, and d) Spheroidal tanks-plain and noded. 2. GENERAL 2.1 The reference point on which the capacity table is based shall be clearly stated on each table. 3. FORM OF TANK TABLES 3.0 The following are the guiding principles in the construction of tank capacity tables. 3.1 For Vertical Tanks For the dished ends, the table should be set for intervals not greater than 2 cm. For the cylindrical shell the interval may be kept at 5 cm. The fractional dips in the dished ends may be computed by interpolating the two readings between which the dip point lies For the butt-welded cylindrical shell, a proportional parts table calculated on the average content of the shell per unit depth may be used for estimating the intermediate fractional dips For lap-welded shells, the proportional parts table should be set for every course. 3.2 For Horizontal, Spherical and Spheroidal Tanks-The tables should be set for intervals not greater than 2 cm. The intermediate fractional dips are obtained by interpolating the two readings between which the dip point lies. 3.3 Accuracy of the Tables - Unless the storage vessel is very small, tables should not be set to show any fractions of litre. --- *Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). 4

9 IS: SECTION I 4. CORRECTIONS TO BE CIRCUMFERENCES STRAPPING METHOD APPLIED TO MEASURED 4.1 Step-Oven For each obstruction the excess of the tape measurement spanning the obstruction as compared with the step-over interval for the course (ring) concerned shall be subtracted from the circumference figure obtained by strapping, and the result shall be taken as the corrected circumference free from error due to the displacement of the tape from its proper path by the obstructions concerned For all vertical seams for which a step-over correction is detectable, it shall be included. An average step-over correction may be determined for each course (ring) and multiplied by the number of seams per course (ring) to obtain the total correction to be applied to the measured circumference of that course (ring) to compensate for such overlaps For single obstructions, only step-over corrections of 2 mm or over shall be included By choosing tape courses (rings) in order to avoid appurtenances, use of step-overs could be eliminated to a great extent. 4.2 Plate Thickness -The plate thickness shall be correct to the nearest O-1 mm. 4.3 Temperature Correction -Where the strapping and dipping tap$ are calibrated at 2O C, and the tank table is to be corrected in use with the shell at 15 C from each measured circumference shall be subtracted of the measured circumference, before the figure is taken into further calculation. 5. CALCULATIONS 5.1 Horizontal Tanks -Calculate the capacities by the metho& prescribed in IS: 21&j-1963*. The partial capacities of dished ends may be calculated as shown in Appendix A. 5.2 Vertical Tanks-Calculate the capacities by the method prescribed in IS: The method for calculating the partial capacities of the dished ends is shown in Appendix A *Method for computation of capacity tables for horizontal and tilted oil storage tanks. tmethod for computation of capacity tables for vertical oil storage tanks. 5

10 IS: Spherical Tanks If the field measurement of the outside circumference is made at a height H above the equator to clear the tops of the columns, the outside circumferences at the equator can be calculated by the following formula :.--~c, = 1/Cf+(2d)* where C, = outside circumference at the equator, and Ch = outside circumference at a height H above the equator The inside circumference is obtained by subtracting 2x1 from the outside circumference, where t is the,veighted average thickness of the wall along the tape path The total volume of the sphere is given by the formula: where J,7 = C,xC,xG 6x2 V = total volume of the sphere, C, = inside circumference along equator, C, = inside circumference through poles, and C, = inside circumference through poles but at 90 vertical plane of C, plane If the vertical inside height Dm is measured at a distance m from the centre line of the sphere, the inside height at the ccntre line is given by: where D = qfl)m2+4m2 D = vertical height at the centre, and Dnt = vertical height at a distance m from the centre The partial volume at each incremental depth is calculated as follows : If V = total volume of sphere, G = gauge increment, A = half of vertical inside height at centre, K 1 =v,(; 3_ A I 01 4 K=?x A 6

11 IS: lvf=7, A--H and H = gauge height to bottom of increment. Then for the bottom increment: and for each succeeding increment: v,, = v, + MK, I7 m* - V,, + MKs and so on. The volume of each increment above the bottom increment is MK, greater than that of the increment directly below Alternately, tables of coefficients for partial volumes as given in IS: may be used for calculating the partial volumes The deadwood contributed by nozzles, manholes, etc, can be estimated from their physical dimensions. Alternately, knowing the weight of the deadwood and density of its material of construction the volume occupied by the. obstruction can be estimated The deadwood should be equally distributed over the relevant height. 5.4 Spheroidal Tank (Plain and Noded) Two field measurements are obtained from the largest horizontal circumference where the shell is tangent to a vertical line and the circumference at the upper edge of the drip bar. The field measurements are divided by 2x to get the average outside radius at each of these locations. The inside radius is obtained by subtracting the hotizmtal thickness from the outside radius Using fabrication drawings, the horizontal inside radius at the mid-point of each of 2 cm increment of depth above the bottom capacity line is computed. The inside radii corresponding to the field measurements in are also computed from the fabrication drawings All horizontal radii computed in are adjusted by multiplying by the inside radius from and dividing by the corresponding *Method for computation of capacity tables for horizontal and tilted off storage tanks. 7

12 IS : calculated inside radius from The ratio of drip bar measurements is used to adjust all the readings up to an elevation midway between the drip bar and the largest horizontal circumference; the ratio of largest horizontal circle measurements is used to adjust the rest of the higher increments Using the adjusted radii the volume of each 2 cm increment is estimated, assuming that each is a cylinder The necessary deadwood corrections are applied as given in and The capacity table is completed by Walling the net incremental volumes starting with zero at the bottom capacity line The elevation of the datum plate with relation to the bottom capacity line shall be recorded on the capacity table Specimen calculations are given in Appendix B. SECTION II LIQUID CALIBRATION 6. CALCULATIONS 6.1 Field measurements give capacities against gauge increments. These gauge increments may not correspond to the desirable 2 cm increments required on the calibration chart. This chart may therefore be prepared by interpolating the actual field readings either by graphical or mathe. matical methods to obtain the 2 cm incremental readings. 8

13 APPENDIX A (Clauses 5.1 and 5.2) IS: USE OF TABLES OF COEFFICIENTS FOR PARTIAL VOLUMES A-l. TABLES A-l.1 Use Table 1 and Table 2 (see p ). A Ellipsoidal OY Dished Heads for Horizontal Tanks (s&fig. 1) - Calculate as follows : Find H/D ratio; Read the corresponding partial volume coefficient from the tables; Estimate the total volume of the two heads by the formula (x/6)kds, where K is the ratio of the depth of the head (not including the straight flange) to the radius of the tank and D is the diameter of the tank; and d) Calculate the partial volume corresponding to height H which is equal to volume multiplied by partial volume coefficient. FIG. 1 End View Elevation ELLIPSOIDAL OR DISHED HEADS FOR HORIZONT?\L TANKS A Ellipsoidal OY Dished Heads for Vertical Tanks (see Fig. 2) - Calculate as follows: a) Find HID ratio which in this case is equal to H,/2D,; b) Read the corresponding partial volume coefficient from the table; c) Estimate the total volume of the head by the formula $cd~k~, where D, is the depth of the head and K, is the ratio of radius of the drum to the depth of the head; and d) Calculate the partial volume corresponding to height H, which is equal to volume multiplied by partial volume coefficient. 9

14 IS: End View Elevation FIG. 2 ELLIPSOIDAL OR DISHED HEADS FOR VERTICAL -I I Hl TANKS A Two Hemispherical Heads (.S$here) (see Fig. 3) - The procedure for estimating the partial volumes remains the same as in A The total volume of the sphere is given by the formula ad3, where D is the diameter of the sphere. End View FIG. 3 Elevation HEMISPHERICAL HEAD (SPHERE) APPENDIX (Clause 5.4.8) B EXAMPLES FOR CALCULATION B-l. CALCULATION FOR A 12-METRE DIAMETER SPHERICAL TANK B-l.1 Field Report Horizontal circumference, C1 = m Circumference taken in a vertical plane, C, = m 10

15 IS: Circumference taken 90 from C, in a vertical plane, C, = m Inside vertical height measured one metre off centre line = m Circumference C, taken above equator, H = 20 cm Calibration temperature of the measuring tape = 20 C B-l.2 Correction to the Measured Circumferences and Vertical Height for the Calibration Temperature of the Tape Measured horizontal circumference, C, = m Correction for calibration temperature of tape = m Corrected horizontal circumference at 15X, C, = m Similarly the corrected measurements of other circumferences are: C, = = 37,810 m C, = = 37,815 m The corrected vertical height measured one metre off centre line = m B-l.3 Horizontal Circumference at the Equator, C, c, = dc;+(27rli)e -.- = d(37*790)2+(2 x x 0.2)P = 1/m- = m B-l.4 Inside Circumferences Plate thickness = 18 mm throughout C, = x x0.018 = m C, = x x0.018 = m C, = x x0.018 = m B-l.5 Vertical Centre Line Diameter - D = ddme+4ma.. = d(11*838)5+4 = = m B- 1.6 Volume of Sphere x x Jl = 5xc3xc3 = 6x2 6x e = = m2 = dma 11

16 IS: B-1.7 Partial Volumes for Incremental Values (5-cm Increments) 1 = m3 = dm3 =5 cm A = m = cm 2 G 5 A = A G 2 = G 3 = ; 2 = K, =p;? VG 3_ A G2 I x x = 4 = x x =-- 2 = B-l.8 Volume of Bottom Increment K, = VW = [ 120~052;120~05 1 o_784 4 = = 46~3731 dma 12

17 IS: B-l.9 Volume of Each Succeeding Increment Vm = Volume of. previous increment+mk, INCRE- MENTAL HEIGHT cm M MK, VOLUME TOTAL VOLUME INCIZ%ENT dms dms TOTAL VOLUME litres ROUNDED OFF VALUES litres 0 to 5 :i : s B-1.10 Alternate Method :.Using Tables of Partial Volumes Say, for a depth of 15 cm from bottom: H _-=Y_ 15 = D From the Tables, K = Total volume of the sphere = dms Partial volume x for 15 cm level = -----looo~02s - ~~---- = 421 likes NOTE - Deadwood has been neglected in all the above calculations B-2. CALCULATION SPHEROIDAL FOR A 800 OOO-LITRE TANK B-2.1 Field Report a) Datum plate set at elevation of bottom capacity line b) Top of drip bar to bottom capacity line: 1) cm 2) cm 3) cm 4) cm Average cm c) Maximum horizontal circumference = cm d) Circumference at drip bar = cm e) Calibration temperature of the measuring tape = 20 C B-2.2 Correction to the Measured Circumferences for the Calibration Temperature of the Tape Measured maximum horizontal circumference = cm Correction for calibration temperature of tape = -OX@4 cm Corrected maximum horizontal circumference at 15 C = cm Similarly, the corrected circumference at drip bar = cm 13

18 IS: B-2.3 Calculations Inside radius at maximum circumference = 3qrz c = m The horizontal plate thickness = 18 mm From the fabrication drawings, inside radius = 6.27 m Multiplier for adjusting radii in upper portion of tank = 627 = lnl0319m Inside radius at drip bar = 3F_(h orizontal thickness of plate) = = S m Horizontal thickness of plate == 4~g~~7~ = cm where cm = outside radius of vertical curvature cm = horizontal distance from drip bar to centre of radius of vertical curvature, and L 1.8 cm = plate thickness at drip bar. From the fabrication drawing, inside radius = m Multiplier for adjusting radii in lower portion of the tank = 5 = I INCRE- h a R 1/R -;;i L HORIZONTAL MENTAL RADIUS HEIGEIT dri-t*+l cm cm cm cm cm cm 0 to where h = vertical distance from centre of segment to bottom capacity line, a = vertical distance from centre of segment to centre of radius of vertical curvature, R = radius of vertical curvature, and L = horizontal distance from centre line of tank to centre of radius of vertical curvature. - - ~ ~.~. _. 14

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21 ~ O tbl ~1828B4 ~ ~21097s B s O~lBOO88 O.lB9327 OCZO1056 om ~216OOO ~ Il s s oo o ~ ~2661B W m3o336 =; 0.35 ogz om O~ZS ~ o+o7ss O ~ O ~ ~34051s W3621OB ~365lxl ~ ~383B ~ ~3BX62B 0~4oo ~40304s m ~ a ~4311B ~ os O O O ~ O.leo ~485oo B5ol 0~481ooo ~494ooo O ~46861s *497ooo 0~ ( Coflflirued )

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26 TABLE3 COEFFWIENTS FORPARTIALVOLUMES OFHORIZONTALCYLINDERS-Cmfd HID o4c!oooo 0* ogo om8913 0* * ~ ~ ~ W * Oa *541984l ~5445PR B * & Q ~ ~ W co OM1423 OdO z o+o ~6S8916 Oao O * Qi75 0~6iloOl ~6ul999 WA83217 lk6d ~6905lM W oa O.iO7 409 O+J6610 WiO , QO W7300%3 O.i d O.iJ;l OOu O.i44 17U wi O.i W O.i O.i O.i i4217 w7i5355 0~ O.iii 6&l ai Wi83292 W i Xl w79q Q22ti O.il , O.i!JB O.i98969 OWJlJOi8 tjw wjo339li

27 0.75 odo44qq odo O O eo O ~ xl5&l ma O Q8406a7 O+ulm5 O O.iQ * O OS O D O a271 W814a lwaa708 Ma4707 ON ma93 Om o-858 6a Q ~ a698 Oed4704 m657a %687lm OM OB Q w8439a ME r!r 0.0s O lm92971 Oma a o Om9514 Q a62 o rjwa2ol O om6847 ow7754 Om Omla59 Q o-9ia w O lm21m5 o O Od25a om a Oea Om9a WN 0.88 O-932p 09a a13 Om w9a7747 Om8551 a9a9a O M O O-91 o O-94 ow O a2 o-950 ws Q9517a Q lnm75kl ~odo O ma896 Q o O OM &l CM Om1792 Ow ma669 Mb ~ WI79045 Ow OLD tlO oexl1m lb ~OOOlm !2 (07 048a948 Q M84541 Q o a 0+87OEm Q988ma QW9 024 (r999a75 O O m Omaa O Om6581 O OM72nO O Ow Om m99571 Om * E L e d f

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