TERRADAPTORTM MODULE 3

Transcription

1 PORTABLE ANCHOR SYSTEMS: TERRADAPTORTM MODULE 3 STUDENT MANUAL Version 1.0 When you work in a vertical world you need Vertical Rescue Solutions

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3 Contents Course Description Prerequisites Learning Objectives Order of Instruction Lesson 1: Introduction and Overview of Course Lesson 2: Safety Issues Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors Lesson 4: Suspended Fixed Anchor Systems Lesson 5: Dynamic Directional Anchor System Lesson 6: Floating Bi-pods and Mono-pods Appendix TerrAdaptor Module 3 - Written Exam (25 points total) Release and Assumption of Risk Form Acknowledgement - This manual could not have been made possible without the hard work, attention to detail and dedication of Pat Rhodes. * Cover Shot by Pat Rhodes 2

4 Course Description This is an advanced two-day rope technician s skills course for the purpose of learning the rigging theory that supports sound and reliable manipulative rigging skills used with horizontal systems, congruent with the needs of elevated anchors and the requirements of NFPA 1670 and 1006 Technician Level. Advanced force multiplier theory that is applicable to portable anchors and horizontal systems are key components of this Module. Prerequisites Successful completion of TerrAdaptor Module 2 of this series. Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of Module 3, all participants will be able to safely and efficiently accomplish the following tasks and objectives: 1. Construct and operate sloping highlines congruent to the use of the TerrAdaptor and its various configurations 2. Build and operate horizontal highlines congruent tot he use of the TerrAdaptor and its various configurations 3. Understand principles of force multipliers as they apply to analysis of critical angles of highline rigging in conjunction with the use of the TerrAdaptor 4. Rig and manage floating mono-pods and bi-pods congruent to the use of highlines and the requirements of this course 5. Complete and pass the TerrAdaptor Module 3 written test Pigeon Mountain Industries VRS by PMI TM and Pigeon Mountain Industries do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information in, or provided in connection with, this manual. VRS by PMI TM and Pigeon Mountain Industries are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of such information. VRS by PMI TM and Pigeon Mountain Industries do not guarantee the safety of those participating in training using this manual.

5 Order of Instruction 1. Introduction, Class Overview, What to Expect The purpose of VRS The instructor s expectations for the course as well as your classmate s and your own The flow of the course 2. Safety Issues Release and Assumption of Risk Form Two points of contact for anyone within six-feet of the edge (for flat surfaces, this may be more depending on the terrain) No one is allowed to approach the edge without full approval and inspection of the instructor Anyone can call STOP at any time if they have a safety question or issue about what is taking place Required Personal Gear and PPE Class 3 Harness (preferred) Helmet (rescue type with three-point chin strap) Gloves (leather rappel type) Appropriate Footwear (hiking boots or duty boots, no tennis or jogging shoes) Appropriate attire to meet climate requirements Personal snacks and water 3. Analysis of Multiple Vectors Multiple Vector Components and Angles Multiple Pulley Resultants Parallelogram/Multiple Resultant Analysis 4. Suspended Fixed Anchor Systems Tension Back-ties Opposition Front-ties 5. Dynamic Directional Anchors Systems 6. Floating Bi-pods and Mono-pods 4

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7 Lesson 1: Introduction and Overview of Course At the end of this lesson, you should expect to understand: The purpose of VRS TM The instructor s expectations for the course as well as your classmate s and your own The flow of the course This is an advanced two-day rope technician s skills course for the purpose of learning the rigging theory that supports sound and reliable manipulative mono-pod and bi-pod skills congruent with the requirements of NPFA 1670 and 1006 Technician Level. Intermediate force multiplier theory of portable anchors is a key component of this Module. 6

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9 Lesson 2: Safety Issues By the end of this lesson, you should expect to understand: The importance of the overall safety briefing Edge safety protocols Required personal protective gear (PPE) Inattention to safety during a rescue and/or training becomes and emergency in its own right. It is the responsibility of each participant in this class to be on guard against non-safe situations. Catastrophic failures can always be traced back to the accumulative effect of several lesser mess-ups, over-sights, or in many cases, simple lack of knowledge and training. Safety requires constant vigilance and is a mindset all rescuers must possess. This course will involve work that is in close proximity to dangerous edges; anyone within six-feet of an unprotected edge shall be connected to an appropriate fall arrest system and subject to the direction and interpretation of the lead instructor. Dependant on the conditions of the terrain, a great distance from the edge may require fall arrest. ANYONE MAY CALL FOR A STOP IF A SAFETY ISSUE OR QUESTION OF SAFETY ARISES! 1. Review Safety Issues, Including: Release and Assumption of Risk Form Two points of contact for anyone within six-feet of the edge (for flat surfaces, this may be more depending on the terrain) No one is allowed to approach the edge without full approval and inspection of the instructor Anyone can call STOP at any time if they have safety questions or issues about what is taking place 8

10 Lesson 2: Safety Issues (Cont.) 2. Required Personal Gear and PPE: Class 3 Harness (preferred) Helmet (rescue type with three-point chin strap) Gloves (leather rappel type) Appropriate Footwear (hiking boots or duty boots, no tennis or jogging shoes) Appropriate attire to meet climate requirements Personal snacks and water 9

11 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors By the end of this lesson, you should expect to understand: Force vectors (review) Resultant forces (review) Parallelograms and multiple resultants Effects of multiple resultants on an elevated anchor system Vector Review A force vector may be graphed or represented as a simple arrow, also more commonly referred to in math as a component. This component will always indicate the direction of the force. Comparing the length of different vector components will reveal the magnitude relative to each other. The longer component will always have a greater magnitude. In the example above, the component on the right has approximately twice the magnitude as the one on the left. Two components that connect for an angle. The resultant is the net force of the angle these two components create. Using a given angle, draw a parallelogram (below). Connect the original angle to the mirror opposite corner within the parallelogram with a new line (component). By using 10

12 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors (Cont.) the magnitude rule, longer is greater, we may now determine which component of this angle is generating the greatest magnitude by comparing their length. Resultants created by a pulley will always find the halfway point between the two rope components. This is extremely useful in determining the stability of an elevated anchor system. The center of any tensioned pulley will always point to the exact location and direction of the resultant force at work on the associated anchor. The resultant of a pulley is the absolute indicator of where the force of that pulley is directed. Component 1 Component 2 Resultant 11

13 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors (Cont.) Study the two right angle rope systems below; both have two anchors and both support a 100kg load. What percentage of the load is each anchor receiving? If you said A1 and A2 receive 71kg, A3 receives 100kg, and A4 receives 141kg you would be correct. Look at these right angles again and apply the parallelogram/resultant analysis: The 100kg load is our known value, whatever component the load is connected to represents 100; the remaining two components may now be assigned a value simply by comparing their length. C 3 = 100, therefore C 1 and C 2 are 71% of C 3 - C 5 = 100, therefore C 4 = 100% of C 5 and C 6 = 141% of C 5. Although using parallelograms as mentioned above to determine the resultant of any given angle is a good rule of thumb method, ultimately, for field application we must commit to rote memory the recognition of angles as they apply to either, 1) multipoint systems, or 2) directional pulley anchors. 12

14 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors (Cont.) Vector Formula for Directional Pulley Anchors 13 High Directional Vector Force: Degree of Angle % of Weight of Load At High Directional % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

15 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors (Cont.) % % % % % % % % Vector Formula for Directional Pulley Anchors 14

16 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors (Cont.) 15

17 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors (Cont.) Multiple Resultants The following parallelogram diagrams reflect resultant components of angles created by pulleys and angles created by 2x1 multipoint anchors. Comparing components, what is the relative field estimate of the percentage of the load on each anchor? 16

18 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors (Cont.) 17

19 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors (Cont.) Effects of Multiple Resultants on an Elevated System When two or more rope systems are rigged through one elevated anchor a net resultant may be calculated using parallelograms. The angle of the left system is approximately 60 o, about 170% of the load = 340kg. The angle of the right system is approximately 90 o, about 140% of the load = 280kg. Overlay the left and the right, similar to what would actually occur with two systems acting on one elevated anchor (below). 18

20 Lesson 3: Analysis of Multiple Vectors (Cont.) Focus on the resultant components only (right example). Draw a new parallelogram using the original resultant components. Compare the length of the new resultant to either of the original resultant components to get an approximate magnitude and direction of the net resultant on the elevated anchor. The net resultant is about 1.8x longer than the 340kg component approximately 612kg (1350lbs) net force acting on the elevated anchor. Is the elevated anchor system strong enough for this load? 19

21 Lesson 4: Suspended Fixed Anchor Systems By the end of this lesson, you should expect to understand: How to create a suspended fixed anchor system using tensioned back-ties and opposing front-ties Suspended Fixed Anchor System 20

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23 Lesson 5: Dynamic Directional Anchor System. By the end of this lesson, you should expect to understand: When a dynamic directional anchor system is appropriate for a rescue The mechanics and physics involved in rigging a dynamic directional anchor Dynamic directional anchors are great for small gap rescues such as vertical mine shafts and caves. They are labeled dynamic because of the ability to move and adjust a directional pulley that typically needs to be placed somewhere in open space. 22

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25 Lesson 6: Floating Bi-pods and Mono-pods By the end of this lesson, you should expect to understand: How floating bi-pods and mono-pods can be used as a component of highlines, sloping highlines and tracklines Good for horizontal highline systems. For sloping highlines use the more conventional systems taught in Module 2. 24

26 Lesson 6: Floating Bi-pods and Mono-pods (Cont.) Floating Mono-pod - back-tied front and back using the tensioned trackline of the highline system; back-tied side-to-side with tension back-ties. 25

27 Appendix

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29 TerrAdaptor Module 3 - Written Exam (25 points total) Please circle the correct answer 1. Multiple vectors may be graphed or represented as parallelograms to determine the net force in an elevated anchor system. (1pt) a. True b. False 2. Using the parallelogram method for calculating the net force on an elevated anchor, what is the net force being exerted on the anchor pulley in the drawing below? (1pt) 3. Opposing front-ties must be at least as strong as the tensioned back-ties. (1pt) a. True b. False 4. Floating bi-pods... (1pt) a. Are good for horizontal highlines. b. Must be back-tied in at least four directions: front, back and side-to-side. c. Are used only in water rescues at sea. d. None of the above.

30 TerrAdaptor Module 3 - Written Exam (25 points total) (Cont.) 5. Dynamic directional anchors are... (1pt) a. Great for small gap rescues such as vertical mine shafts and caves. b. Used only for highlines. c. Are labeled dynamic because they will never move. d. None of the above. 6. Dynamic directional anchors have the ability to move and adjust a directional pulley that typically needs to be placed somewhere in open space. (1pt) a. True b. False 7. When rigging the low or high directional on the dynamic directional side of the rescue scene, it should be at least 10 feet lower than the elevated anchor point on the mainline. (1pt) a. True b. False 8. Floating mono-pods and bi-pods are reliant on the trackline of a highline system for front and back stability. (1pt) a. True b. False 9. Floating mono-pods and bi-pods are good for horizontal highline system. For sloping highlines, use the more conventional elevated systems. (1pt) a. True b. False 10. Using the drawings below, approximately which anchor is receiving the greatest percentage of the load? (1pt a. A1 b. A2 c. A3 d. A4 e. All of the above.

31 VERTICAL RESCUE SOLUTIONS BY PMI WAIVER OF LIABLITY/CONSENT FOR PARTICIPATION WARNING! All activities pertaining and relating to climbing, mountaineering, work at height, and rescue may be potentially dangerous. Injury or death could occur while engaged in these activities. This VRS by PMI Course is designed to inform and familiarize you with the best use of PMI manufactured and/or distributed equipment. These operations will be run with full attention to safety. However, due to the nature of on rope activities, VRS, PMI, our consultants or instructors, nor anyone else can guarantee your safety. Your participation, either as observer or as participant, must be undertaken at your own risk. You are welcome to observe the demonstrations and operations, or you may participate in these activities upon the invitation of those in charge of the course, at your own risk. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND ASSUMPTION OF RISKS: I understand and am aware that there (are) may be certain risks involved in activities related to any instruction of work at height, rescue, and related activities, including the risk of physical injury and death. I hereby recognize, acknowledge, accept and assume such risks. I do not need to be warned as to any potential dangers as I am fully aware of such potentially dangerous conditions. I hereby verify that, to the best of my knowledge, I am free from any physical/medical condition(s) which would interfere with my ability to work at height in a safe and satisfactory manner, or put myself or others at risk, including but not limited to: Pregnancy High blood pressure Influence of Drugs or Alcohol Diabetes Dizziness or Difficulty With Balance Epilepsy, Fits, Blackouts Fear of Heights or Vertigo Heart Disease Impaired Limb Function Psychiatric Illness VRS by PMI Pigeon Mountain Industries endeavor to provide quality service to our customers. However, VRS by PMI and Pigeon Mountain Industries do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information in, or provided in connection with, services provided. VRS by PMI and Pigeon Mountain Industries are not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use of such information. I am aware and have been advised that VRS by PMI and Pigeon Mountain Industries do not guarantee the safety of myself and those participating in the program. RELEASE IN FULL I hereby on my own behalf and on behalf of my heirs and assigns do forever release and discharge VRS by PMI and Pigeon Mountain Industries, as well as any of their agents, employees, representatives, instructors or volunteers (hereinafter referred to as the Released Parties) from any and all claims of any type for injuries, damages or even death whether caused by the negligence or other wrongful conduct of any of the Release Parties. I agree to fully indemnify and hold harmless the Released Parties for any and all clams of any type which may be presented against the Released Parties for any claim or lawsuit for injuries or damages arising out of my voluntary participation in the activities conducted by VRS by PMI and Pigeon Mountain Industries. I understand that I am releasing any right that I, my estate, heirs, or assigns might have to sue any of the Released Parties and I do this of my own free will in consideration for being allowed to participate in those activities conducted by the Release Parties on the day of, 200 at. I authorize and release to VRS by PMI and Pigeon Mountain Industries the use of my image and any photographic or video recording taken by VRS by PMI or Pigeon Mountain Industries, of any activities in which I participate. I agree to indemnify and hold harmless VRS by PMI and Pigeon Mountain Industries, their employees, agents, volunteers from all claims, damages, losses, injuries and expenses arising out of or resulting from my participation in these activities. In short, I cannot sue VRS by PMI or Pigeon Mountain Industries Inc, and if I do, I cannot collect any money. I authorize and release to VRS by PMI and Pigeon Mountain Industries the use of my image in any photograph or video recording taken by VRS by PMI or Pigeon Mountain Industries. I have read the above statements and understand them. I understand this is a legal document and that by signing it I am giving up my right to sue or otherwise make any claim against Vertical Rescue Solutions by PMI or Pigeon Mountain Industries Inc. or any of its volunteers, employees, agents, leaders, instructors, guides, officers, directors or representatives which may arise during my participation in any activities of VRS by PMI or Pigeon Mountain Industries, Inc. Signed Employer Printed Name City, State Date Witness: VRS by PMI representative or employee: Address Signed Telephone Printed Name