Supplementary file S1: Previous classification of Riodinidae

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1 Supplementary file S: Previous classification of Riodinidae NEMEOBIINAE EUSELASIINAE MESOSEMIINI NEMEOBIINI ZEMERINI ABISARINI EUSELASIINI CORRACHIINI MESOSEMIINA NAPAEINA EURYBIINI RIODININAE HELICOPINI STALACHTIINI ANCYLURIS RIODININI RIODINA SYMMACHIINI INCERTAE SEDIS THEOPINA NYMPHIDIINA LEMONIADINA NYMPHIDIINI ARICORINA

2 Supplementary file S2. Literature cited in Suppl. File. S. The cladogram in supplementary file S is concatenated from several sources. The general higher level relationships follows the updated (2008) version of Lamas (2004). Relationships within Nymphidiini follows (Hall and Harvey 2002c)relationships within Theopeina follows (Hall 2002b), between the tribes with five forewing radial veins (Eurybiini and Mesosemiini) and the rest of Riodininae (and within these tribes) follows (Hall 2003, 2005), of Calydna and relatives (Hall 2002a), within the Charis group (Hall and Harvey 2002a), within Nemeobiinae (Hall and Harvey 2002b), and within Helicopini (Hall, 998). Hall, J. P. W A revision of the genus Sarota (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Trop. Lep. 9 suppl. : - 2. Hall, J. P. W. 2002a. A phylogenetic revision of Calydna and relatives (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Insect Syst. Evol. 33: Hall, J. P. W. 2002b. Phylogeny of the riodinid butterfly subtribe Theopeina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidiini). Syst. Entomol. 27: Hall, J. P. W Phylogenetic reassessment of the five forewing radial-veined tribes of Riodininae (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Syst. Entomol. 28: Hall, J. P. W A phylogenetic revision of the Napaeina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Mesosemiini). Entomological Society of Washington, Washington DC. Hall, J. P. W., and D. J. Harvey. 2002a. A Phylogenetic Review of Charis and Calephelis (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95: Hall, J. P. W., and D. J. Harvey. 2002b. A survey of androconial organs in the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 36:7 97. Hall, J. P. W., and D. J. Harvey. 2002c. Basal subtribes of the Nymphidiini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae): phylogeny and myrmecophily. Cladistics 8: Lamas, G., Riodinidae of the world [WWW Document]. URL (accessed 2.2.4).

3 Sheet Supplementary files S4. Primers used in this study Gene Primer name Direction Sequence 5'-3' Reference COI LCO490 Forward GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG Folmer et al. 994 Nancy Reverse CCCGGTAAAATTAAAATATAAACTTC Bogdanowicz et al. 993 TN226 Forward TTGAYCCTGCAGGTGGWGGAG Eastwood et al., unpublished Hobbes Reverse AAATGTTGNGGRAAAATGTTA Monteiro et al. 200 EF-α M44- Forward GCYGARCGYGARCGTGGTATYAC Cho et al. 995 RcM5. Reverse CATGTTGTCKCCGTGCCATCC Cho et al. 995 M5.9 Forward CARGACGTATACAAAATCGG Cho et al. 995 rcm4 Reverse ACAGCVACKGTYTGYCTCATRTC Cho et al. 995 WG Wg Forward GARTGYAARTGYCAYGGYATGTCTGG Brower and DeSalle 998 Wg2 Reverse ACTICGCRCACCARTGGAATGTRCA Brower and DeSalle 998 CAD CAD787F Forward GGDGTNACNACNGCNTGYTTYGARCC Moulton & Wiegmann 2003 CADRa Reverse CTCATRTCGTAATCYGTRCT Kaliszewska 2006, unpublished H3 H3F Forward ATGGCTCGTACCAAGCAGACVGC Colgan et al. 998 References H3R Reverse ATATCCTTRGGCATRATRGTGAC Colgan et al. 998 Bogdanowicz, S.M., Wallner, W.E., Bell, T.M., Harrison, R.G Asian gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in North America: evidence from molecular data. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 86, Brower, AVZ and DeSalle, R Patterns of mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA sequence divergence among nymphalid butterflies: the utility of wingless as a source of characters for phylogenetic inference. Insect Mol. Biol. 7: Cho, S., Mitchell, A., Regier, J. C., Mitter, C., Poole, R. W., Friedlander, T. P. and Zhao, S. (995) A highly conserved nuclear gene for low-level phylogenetics: Elongation Factor-a recovers morphology-based tree for heliothine moths. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2: Colgan DJ, McLauchlan A, Wilson GDF et al. (998) Histone H3 and U2 snrna DNA sequences and arthropod molecular evolution. Australian Journal of Zoology, 46, Monteiro, A. and Pierce, N. E. (200) Phylogeny of Bicyclus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from COI, COII, and EF- gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: Page

4 Sheet Moulton & Wiegmann (2004). Evolution and phylogenetic utility of cad (rudimentary) among Mesozoic-aged eremoneuran Diptera (Insecta) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3: Page 2

5 Sheet Supplementry file S5. Partitions schemes and substitution models determined by Partitio Partition Best model BEAST Subset partitions BEAST Best model RAxML GTR+I+G COI position GTR+I+G 2 GTR+I+G COI position 2, Efa position 2 GTR+I+G 3 GTR+I+G COI position 3 GTR+I+G 4 TrN+I+G EFa position, H3 position GTR+I+G 5 GTR+I+G EFa position 3 GTR+I+G 6 GTR+I+G CAD position, WG position GTR+I+G 7 GTR+I+G CAD position 2, WG position 2 GTR+I+G 8 GTR+I+G WG position 3 GTR+I+G 9 TrN+I+G CAD position 3 GTR+I+G 0 K80+I H3 position 2 GTR+G GTR+G H3 position 3 Page

6 Sheet onfinder (Lanfear et al. 202) Subset partitions RAxML COI position COI position 2, Efa position 2, WG position 2 COI position 3 EFa position, H3 position EFa position 3 CAD position, WG position CAD position 2, WG position 2 WG position 3 CAD position 3 H3 position 3 Page 2

7 Supplementary file S6: Tree and species diversity for each clade used in the diverisification analyses in BAMM. Euselasiinae 64 sp. Nemeobiini (incl. Styx, Corrachia, Stiboges and Zemeriini) 39 sp. Abisarini (- Stiboges and Abisara fylla gr.) 65 sp. Eurybiini 29 sp. Eunogyra 2 sp. Mesosemiina 52 sp. Napaeina 44 sp. Calydna group 29 sp. Nymphidiiini (incl. Stalachtiini, Pseudotinea and Pachytone group) 359 sp. Argyrogrammana 35 sp. Symmachiini (incl. Comphotis) 92 sp. Emesis group 57 sp. Helicopini 4 sp. Dianesia sp. Riodinini (incl. Astraeodes) 286 sp Total 474 sp.

8 Supplementary file S7. Dispersalmultipliers used in the BioGeoBears analyses. NA NT AF MA WP EP OR NG NA NT AF MA WP EP OR NG NA NT AF MA WP EP OR NG END

9 0.4 Supplementary file S8: Maximum likelihood tree from RAxML with bootstrap support values. Nodes with supportlower than 50% are collapsed Papilio_glaucus_AF94A Amarynthis_meneria_PDV94A Amarynthis_meneria_GQ Chorinea_octauius_04SRNP4659 Chorinea_sp_RV04I805 Lyropteryx_apollonia_MFB00N Necyria_bellona_JH03R024 Ancyluris_colubra_PDV94B Rhetus_cf_periander_PDV94B08 Siseme_aristoteles_JH03R Monethe_albertus_MFB00N96 Brachyglenis_dinora_RE0H Melanis_pixe_MAT98V738 Riodina_lysippus_PDV94A Riodina_lysippus_DQ08952 Chalodeta_lypera_JH03R Chalodeta_theodora_MFB00N058 Detritivora_gallardi_L8633 Detritivora_gynaea_PDV94A005 Detritivora_cleonus_L Detritivora_sp_PDV94T025 Calephelis_sp_RE0H Calephelis_iris_MFB00T847 9 Charis_anius_MAT98V746 Charis_anius_L Lasaia_cf_agesilaus_PDV94B007 Astraeodes_areuta_JH03R Baeotis_nesaea_RE0H22 Syrmatia_nyx_JH03R08 Parcella_amarynthina_JH03R00 Metacharis_cuparina_PDV94A007 Exoplisia_cf_cadmeis_PDV94T04 Crocozona_cf_caesias_PDV94A023 Caria_cf_lampeto_PDV94A038 Adelotypa_aristus_L8638 Adelotypa_sp_PDV94T Livendula_balista_JH03R03 Adelotypa_borsippa_JH03R029 Calospila_partheon_JH03R030 Setabis_alcmaeon_JH03R04 Setabis_buckleyi_JH03R022 Synargis_gela_L8640 Juditha_molpe_PDV94A003 Thisbe_hyalina_PDV94T Synargis_abaris_PDV94A024 Synargis_phliasus_L8636 Aricoris_erostratus_JH03R035 Thisbe_irena_PDV94D009 Calospila_emylius_PDV94B Menander_laobotas_JH03R003 Nymphidium_cachrus_L Nymphidium_sp_PDV94A033 Nymphidium_menalcus_L8646 Mycastor_nealces_JH03R0 Catocyclotis_aemulius_RE0H302 Adelotypa_curulis_JH03R00 Stalachtis_euterpe_PDV94B06 Stalachtis_calliope_PDV94B Protonymphidia_senta_JH03R032 Pixus_corculum_JH03R005 Pseudonymphidia_agave_JH03R008 Theope_virgilius_04SRNP2663 Theope_philotes_PDV94B02 Pseudotinea_volcanicus_JH03R039 Phaenochitonia_pyrsodes_JH03R036 Comphotis_sophistes_JH03R037 Symmachia_accusatrix_JH03R02 Mesenopsis_briseis_JH03R Esthemopsis_jesse_PDV94D002 Pirascca_iasis_JH03R009 Symmachia_fassli_JH03R Mesene_nola_JH03R Chimastrum_cf_argentea_JH03R03 Mesene_phareus_rubella_PDV94A00 Argyrogrammana_sublimis_JH03R Emesis_mandana_PDV94T022 Emesis_cf_lucinda_PDV94B07 Emesis_lucinda_L8648 Apodemia_mormo_AF70863 Apodemia_mormo_AS92Z472 Echenais_thelephus_JH03R020 Imelda_mycea_JH03R Echydna_punctata_JH03R028 Calydna_sturnula_JH03R Anteros_allectus_RE0H Helicopis_cupido_PDV94A02 Sarota_cf_gyas_PDV94B030 Sarota_chrysus_05SRNPP3006 Dianesia_carteri_MC04K393 Mesosemia_nyctea_L Mesosemia_gneris_L8632 Mesosemia_esmeralda_L8647 Leucochimona_nr_aequatoria_L Leucochimona_philemon_PDV94T00 Mesosemia_nr_sylvana_L8598 Perophthalma_tullius_L Perophthalma_lasus_MAT98V74 Semomesia_croesus_JH03R07 Semomesia_capanea_L8645 Mesosemia_lamachus_GU Mesosemia_cf_loruhama_PDV94A008 Mesophthalma_idotea_JH03R05 Mesosemia_ulrica_L Semomesia_nesti_L Hermathena_oweni_MFB00T Ithomiola_callixena_JH03R023 Ithomiola_tanos_JH03R027 Ithomiola_theages_MFB00T836 Napaea_cf_mellosa_JH03R Napaea_eucharila_JQ Voltinia_umbra_06SRNP2090 Hyphilaria_parthensis_JH03R06 Napaea_actoris_L8637 Napaea_actoris_PDV94A03 Eunogyra_satyrus_PDV94B006 Eurybia_dardus_MFB00N Eurybia_unxia_RE0H59 Eurybia_halimede_RV06A055 Eurybia_cf_franciscana_PDV94A036 Alesa_amesis_PDV94B00 Abisara_echerius_L Abisara_saturata_kausambiodes_MWT93A0 Abisara_kausambi_MWT93A049 Abisara_geza_nyia_KC07G Afriodinia_gerontes_L8566 Afriodinia_rogersi_MEB06 Afriodinia_rutherfordii_L Saribia_ochracea_L Saribia_perroti_CA94Z62 Saribia_sp2_L8433 Saribia_sp_L868 Taxila_haquinus_MWT93C00 Taxila_haquinus_L Paralaxita_dora_L8530 Abisara_burnii_L685 Archigenes_neophron_L854 Archigenes_neophron_DL08T073 Archigenes_savitri_MWT93A Paralaxita_damajanti_lola_L Paralaxita_damajanti_damajanti_MWT93A074 Paralaxita_telesia_L8563 Dicallaneura_decorata_L8589 Dicallaneura_tennenti_CJM3220 Praetaxila_satrops_CJM3228 Praetaxila_statira_CJM322 Laxita_thuisto_L8565 Styx_infernalis_GL02N259 Styx_infernalis_L8562 Styx_infernalis_RE04C099 Styx_infernalis_JN20496 Corrachia_leucoplaga_PDV05X Corrachia_leucoplaga_L8595 Zemeros_flegyas_MWT93A09 Zemeros_flegyas_L8579 Zemeros_emesoides_MWT93A Dodona_adonira_L3874 Dodona_egeon_DL02P Dodona_ouida_L686 Dodona_dipoea_L605 Dodona_elvira_RE06E40 Abisara_fylloides_L8568 Abisara_freda_L Abisara_fylla_L0294 Stiboges_nymphidia_MWT93B07 Stiboges_nymphidia_L443 Polycaena_chauchawensis_L6852 Polycaena_princeps_L704 Polycaena_tamerlana_NK00P826 Takashia_nana_L535 Hamearis_lucina_JC96Q004 Hamearis_lucina_L852 Methone_celia_L8603 Methone_cecilia_JH03R034 Hades_noctula_RE0H Euselasia_hieronymi_MFB00T84 Euselasia_cf_eunaeus_PDV94T Euselasia_euryone_L8644 Euselasia_nr_teleclus_L Euselasia_venezolana_RV06A33 Euselasia_nr_euroras_L860 Euselasia_orfita_PDV94A022 Euselasia_chrysippe_JN20497 Jalmenus_evagoras_MAT98S Tomares_ballus_RV00Q028 Semanga_superba_MWT93D002 Lycaena_arota_AS92Z2 Chilaria_kina_DL0Q Drupadia_ravindra_DL0P26 Glaucopsyche_lygdamus_AS92Z3 Anthene_emolus_MWT93A05 Cupidopsis_cissus_TL96X03 Aslauga_orientalis_SC99T Miletus_gallus_MWT93A Pentila_pauli_TL96X00 Poritia_erycinoides_MWT93B007 Chrysoritis_chrysantas_AH95Z43 Curetis_bulis_MWT93A028 Tanaecia_julii_NP95Y56 Vanessa_virginiensis_CA94N006 Danaus_melanippus_NP95Y25 Libythea_myrrah_MWT93C029 Delias_microsticha_MFB00P050 Ancyloxypha_numita_CA94N00

10 Chalodeta_lypera_JH03R006 Polycaena_princeps_L704 Laxita_thuisto_L8565 Mesosemia_esmeralda_L8647 Zemeros_emesoides_MWT93A02 Necyria_bellona_JH03R024 Aricoris_erostratus_JH03R035 Methone_cecilia_JH03R034 Calydna_sturnula_JH03R04 Napaea_eucharila_JQ52955 Melanis_pixe_MAT98V738 Paralaxita_damajanti_damajanti_MWT93A074 Symmachia_accusatrix_JH03R02 Corrachia_leucoplaga_PDV05X00 Nymphidium_cachrus_L864 Mesosemia_nyctea_L8630 Rhetus_cf_periander_PDV94B08 Echydna_punctata_JH03R028 Ithomiola_tanos_JH03R027 Chimastrum_cf_argentea_JH03R03 Detritivora_cleonus_L8628 Mycastor_nealces_JH03R0 Amarynthis_meneria_GQ Hamearis_lucina_JC96Q004 Abisara_fylla_L0294 Semanga_superba_MWT93D002 Synargis_phliasus_L8636 Abisara_echerius_L6822 Metacharis_cuparina_PDV94A007 Mesenopsis_briseis_JH03R02 Eurybia_unxia_RE0H59 Dodona_egeon_DL02P745 Saribia_perroti_CA94Z62 Echenais_thelephus_JH03R020 Ithomiola_callixena_JH03R023 Astraeodes_areuta_JH03R043 Phaenochitonia_pyrsodes_JH03R036 Voltinia_umbra_06SRNP2090 Takashia_nana_L535 Helicopis_cupido_PDV94A02 Drupadia_ravindra_DL0P26 Afriodinia_rogersi_MEB06 Abisara_kausambi_MWT93A049 Charis_anius_MAT98V746 Crocozona_cf_caesias_PDV94A023 Napaea_actoris_PDV94A03 Stiboges_nymphidia_L443 Praetaxila_statira_CJM322 Aslauga_orientalis_SC99T553 Euselasia_euryone_L8644 Pirascca_iasis_JH03R009 Polycaena_tamerlana_NK00P826 Ancyloxypha_numita_CA94N00 Parcella_amarynthina_JH03R00 Euselasia_nr_teleclus_L8600 Eunogyra_satyrus_PDV94B006 Calospila_partheon_JH03R030 Perophthalma_lasus_MAT98V74 Jalmenus_evagoras_MAT98S683 Pixus_corculum_JH03R005 Comphotis_sophistes_JH03R037 Abisara_freda_L857 Corrachia_leucoplaga_L8595 Tanaecia_julii_NP95Y56 Napaea_cf_mellosa_JH03R004 Zemeros_flegyas_MWT93A09 Lycaena_arota_AS92Z2 Tomares_ballus_RV00Q028 Archigenes_neophron_L854 Adelotypa_aristus_L8638 Detritivora_gallardi_L8633 Euselasia_cf_eunaeus_PDV94T024 Abisara_saturata_kausambiodes_MWT93A0 Protonymphidia_senta_JH03R032 Calephelis_sp_RE0H83 Anthene_emolus_MWT93A05 Leucochimona_nr_aequatoria_L8602 Euselasia_venezolana_RV06A33 Mesosemia_ulrica_L8639 Abisara_fylloides_L8568 Pseudonymphidia_agave_JH03R008 Stiboges_nymphidia_MWT93B07 Baeotis_nesaea_RE0H22 Catocyclotis_aemulius_RE0H302 Saribia_sp_L868 Syrmatia_nyx_JH03R08 Poritia_erycinoides_MWT93B007 Saribia_ochracea_L8429 Siseme_aristoteles_JH03R026 Dianesia_carteri_MC04K393 Sarota_chrysus_05SRNPP3006 Imelda_mycea_JH03R025 Abisara_burnii_L685 Miletus_gallus_MWT93A072 Amarynthis_meneria_PDV94A05 Emesis_mandana_PDV94T022 Juditha_molpe_PDV94A003 Livendula_balista_JH03R03 Theope_virgilius_04SRNP2663 Eurybia_halimede_RV06A Zemeros_flegyas_L8579 Calephelis_iris_MFB00T847 Nymphidium_menalcus_L8646 Dodona_adonira_L3874 Caria_cf_lampeto_PDV94A038 Detritivora_sp_PDV94T025 Mesene_phareus_rubella_PDV94A00 Pentila_pauli_TL96X00 Chorinea_sp_RV04I805 Curetis_bulis_MWT93A028 Afriodinia_rutherfordii_L8594 Styx_infernalis_GL02N259 Ancyluris_colubra_PDV94B029 Styx_infernalis_JN20496 Exoplisia_cf_cadmeis_PDV94T04 Mesosemia_cf_loruhama_PDV94A008 Euselasia_hieronymi_MFB00T84 Lasaia_cf_agesilaus_PDV94B007 Eurybia_dardus_MFB00N006 Emesis_cf_lucinda_PDV94B07 Leucochimona_philemon_PDV94T00 Mesosemia_lamachus_GU Papilio_glaucus_AF94A002 Thisbe_hyalina_PDV94T03 Archigenes_savitri_MWT93A029 Pseudotinea_volcanicus_JH03R039 Synargis_gela_L8640 Dodona_elvira_RE06E40 Lyropteryx_apollonia_MFB00N060 Danaus_melanippus_NP95Y25 Setabis_alcmaeon_JH03R04 Napaea_actoris_L8637 Stalachtis_calliope_PDV94B003 Styx_infernalis_RE04C099 Perophthalma_tullius_L8643 Dodona_ouida_L686 Alesa_amesis_PDV94B00 Saribia_sp2_L8433 Setabis_buckleyi_JH03R022 Chilaria_kina_DL0Q668 Semomesia_nesti_L8629 Theope_philotes_PDV94B02 Eurybia_cf_franciscana_PDV94A036 Emesis_lucinda_L8648 Symmachia_fassli_JH03R002 Methone_celia_L8603 Glaucopsyche_lygdamus_AS92Z3 Anteros_allectus_RE0H224 Mesene_nola_JH03R09 Calospila_emylius_PDV94B05 Euselasia_chrysippe_JN20497 Archigenes_neophron_DL08T073 Esthemopsis_jesse_PDV94D002 Charis_anius_L8642 Mesosemia_gneris_L8632 Argyrogrammana_sublimis_JH03R040 Detritivora_gynaea_PDV94A005 Euselasia_orfita_PDV94A022 Adelotypa_curulis_JH03R00 Libythea_myrrah_MWT93C029 Adelotypa_sp_PDV94T09 Chrysoritis_chrysantas_AH95Z43 Semomesia_capanea_L8645 Mesosemia_nr_sylvana_L8598 Paralaxita_dora_L8530 Vanessa_virginiensis_CA94N006 Nymphidium_sp_PDV94A033 Styx_infernalis_L8562 Menander_laobotas_JH03R003 Thisbe_irena_PDV94D009 Hermathena_oweni_MFB00T82 Taxila_haquinus_L8608 Dicallaneura_tennenti_CJM3220 Adelotypa_borsippa_JH03R029 Brachyglenis_dinora_RE0H93 Polycaena_chauchawensis_L6852 Monethe_albertus_MFB00N96 Ithomiola_theages_MFB00T836 Semomesia_croesus_JH03R07 Mesophthalma_idotea_JH03R05 Stalachtis_euterpe_PDV94B06 Paralaxita_damajanti_lola_L Apodemia_mormo_AF70863 Hades_noctula_RE0H229 Chorinea_octauius_04SRNP4659 Dicallaneura_decorata_L8589 Abisara_geza_nyia_KC07G03605 Synargis_abaris_PDV94A024 Euselasia_nr_euroras_L860 Hyphilaria_parthensis_JH03R06 Riodina_lysippus_PDV94A050 Taxila_haquinus_MWT93C00 Praetaxila_satrops_CJM3228 Afriodinia_gerontes_L8566 Sarota_cf_gyas_PDV94B030 Paralaxita_telesia_L8563 Hamearis_lucina_L852 Chalodeta_theodora_MFB00N058 Cupidopsis_cissus_TL96X03 Delias_microsticha_MFB00P050 Apodemia_mormo_AS92Z Supplementary file S9. Dated phylogeny inferred using Beast.8.5, with posterior probabilities at nodes.