ALABAMA WILDLIFE -VOLUME 2~ Imperiled Aquatic Mollusks and Fishes RALPH E. MIRARCHI JEFFREY T. GARNER MAURICE F. (SCOTT) METTEE PATRICK E.

Transcription

1 SUB Gottingen ALABAMA WILDLIFE -VOLUME 2~ Imperiled Aquatic Mollusks and Fishes RALPH E. MIRARCHI JEFFREY T. GARNER MAURICE F. (SCOTT) METTEE PATRICK E. O'NEIL Published for, and in cooperation with, The Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and The School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences and The Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University by The University of Alabama Press Tuscaloosa and London

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES - - ix FOREWORD I DEDICATION 2 EDITOR'S NOTES 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS - 3 PREFACE FRESHWATER MUSSELS AND SNAILS 9_ Introductory Comments 10 Authors - 12 Freshwater Mussels 13 List of Extinct Taxa - 13 List of Extirpated Taxa - 14 Species Accounts: Extirpated Taxa Pheasantshell 15 Elktoe 16 Southern Elktoe 17 Chipola Slabshell 18 Brother Spike 19 Upland Combshell - 20 Catspaw - 21 Southern Acomshell 22 Green Floater 23 Scaleshell Mussel - 24 Coosa Moccasinshell Hickorynut 26 Littlewing Pearlymussel - 27 Clubshell 28 Black Clubshell Flat Pigtoe-; : *-"-'"- 30 Fluted Kidneyshell, -.' Cumberland Bean - -'-' 32 [nil

3 ALABAMA WILDLIFE -VOLUME 2~ List of Extirpated/Conservation Action Underway Taxa 33 Species Accounts: Extirpated/Conservation Action Underway Taxa Dromedary Pearlymussel 34 Oyster Mussel 35 * Birdwing Pearlymussel - 36 Cumberland Monkeyface.- 37 List of Priority I /Highest Conservation Concern Taxa 38 Species Accounts: Priority I/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa Spectaclecase 39 Alabama Pearlshell - 40 Mucket 41 Slippershell Mussel 42 Fanshell 43 Alabama Spike 44 Delicate Spike - 45 Spike - 46 Fluted Elephantear Inflated Spike- 48 Purple Bankclimber 49 Cumberland Combshell 50 Southern Combshell 51 Snuffbox - 52 Shiny Pigtoe - 53 Finerayed Pigtoe 54 Narrow Pigtoe 55 Round Ebonyshell - 56 Longsolid - 57 Cracking Pearlymussel - 58 Pink Mucket Southern Sandshell - 60 Shinyrayed Pocketbook- 61 Alabama Lampmussel 62 Slabside Pearlymussel 63 Cumberland Moccasinshell 64 Gulf Moccasinshell 65 Ring Pink Round Hickorynut 67 [iv]

4 White Wartyback Orangefoot Pimpleback 69 Sheepnose 70 Painted Clubshell Dark Pigtoe 72 Southern Pigtoe 73 Tennessee Clubshell 74 Ovate Clubshell 75 Rough Pigtoe 76 Oval Pigtoe - 77 Pyramid Pigtoe 78 Round Pigtoe Heavy Pigtoe 80 Kidneyshell 81 Triangular Kidneyshell 82 Southern Kidneyshell 83 Rabbitsfoot 84 Sculptured Pigtoe Creeper Southern Purple Lilliput 87 Pale Lilliput 88 Deertoe - 89 List of Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa 90 Species Accounts: Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa Rayed Creekshell 91 Tennessee Pigtoe - 92 Finerayed Pocketbook 93 Orangenacre Mucket 94 Flutedshell - 95 Tennessee Heelsplitter 96 Black Sandshell Alabama Moccasinshell 98 Alabama Hickorynut 99 Southern Clubshell 100 Fuzzy Pigtoe 101 Alabama Heelsplitter 102 [v]

5 ALABAMA WILDLIFE -VOLUME 2- Choctaw Bean Coosa Creekshell 104 Tapered Pigtoe 105 Alabama Creekmussel 106 Downy Rainbow 107 Common and Scientific Names of Fish Parasitized by Glochidia 108 Alabama Freshwater Mussel Watch List 109 Freshwater Snails 110 List of Extinct Taxa List of Extirpated Taxa- - Ill Species Accounts: Extirpated Taxa Smooth Mudalia 112 Knobby Rocksnail 113 List of Extirpated/Conservation Action Underway Taxa Species Accounts: Extirpated/Conservation Action Underway Taxa Spiny Riversnail 115 Interrupted Rocksnail 116 List of Priority I/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa 117 Species Accounts: Priority I/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa Slender Campeloma 118 Cylindrical Lioplax 119 Tulotoma 120 Flat Pebblesnail 121 Armored Marstonia Moss Pyrg 123 Anthony's Riversnail Princess Elimia Cockle Elimia Lacy Elimia 127 Round-Rib Elimia 128 Engraved Elimia 129 Plicate Rocksnail 130 Corpulent Hornsnail 131 Rough Hornsnail 132 List of Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa 133 Species Accounts: Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa Ivil

6 Ample Elimia 134 Lilyshoals Elimia 135 Black Mudalia 136 Puzzle Elimia 137 Squat Elimia Round Rocksnail 139 Spotted Rocksnail Painted Rocksnail 141 Armored Rocksnail Warty Rocksnail Muddy Rocksnail 144 Rugged Hornsnail 145 Skirted Hornsnail 146 Alabama Freshwater Snail Watch List References for Mussels and Snails 149 FISHES Introductory Comments Authors 161 Fishes List of Extinct Taxa List of Extirpated Taxa 163 Species Accounts: Extirpated Taxa Lake Sturgeon Shovelnose Sturgeon 165 Shortnose Gar Goldeye 167 Spotfin Chub 168 Popeye Shiner Elegant Madtom 170 Ashy Darter- 171 Trispot Darter List of Priority I/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa 174 Species Accounts: Priority I/Highest Conservation Concern Taxa Alabama Sturgeon 175 Palezone Shiner ' 176 [ vii ]

7 ALABAMA WILDLIFE -VOLUME 2- Cahaba Shiner Ironcolor Shiner Alabama Cavefish 181 Pygmy Sculpin Spring Pygmy Sunfish 184 Slackwater Darter Holiday Darter- 187 Vermilion Darter- 188 Brighteye Darter Lollipop Darter Watercress Darter- 192 Rush Darter Boulder Darter- 194 Goldline Darter 196 Blotchside Logperch Slenderhead Darter 198 Snail Darter- 199 Warrior Bridled Darter Halloween Darter 201 List of Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa Species Accounts: Priority 2/High Conservation Concern Taxa Gulf Sturgeon Alabama Shad Blue Shiner- 207 Streamline Chub Shoal Chub 210 Ghost Shiner Dusky Shiner 212 Suckermouth Minnow 213 Stargazing Minnow 215 Broadstripe Shiner- 216 Bluenose Shiner Mountain Madtom 218 Brindled Madtom 219 Frecklebelly Madtom 220 Highlands Stonecat 222 Shoal Bass 224 [ viii ]

8 Locust Fork Darter 225 Sipsey Darter Bluebreast Darter Lipstick Darter- 228 Coldwater Darter 229 Tuscumbia Darter 230 Bandfin Darter Blueface Darter Coal Darter Gilt Darter ' 235 Common and Scientific Names of Plants and Vertebrate Animals Mentioned in Fish Accounts 237 Alabama Fishes Watch List References for Fishes GLOSSARY LIST OF FIGURES COVER Clockwise from top left: armored rocksnail, photo-arthur Bogan; coal darter, photo-malcolm Pierson; highland stone, photo-patrick E. O'Neil; lilyshoals elimia, photo-paul Johnson; lake sturgeon, photo-rob Criswell; black sandshell, photo-from Parmalee and Bogan 1998; rabbitsfoot, photo-from Parmalee and Bogan MAPS Counties of Alabama x Major Rivers, Basins, and Dams of Alabama xi Map Symbols xii [ix]