PLAY BOOK Table of Contents

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1 Living Play Book December 2013 PLAY BOOK Table of Contents PB 1.0 Optional Rules... 2 PB 2.0 Game Setup... 4 PB 3.0 Scenarios... 4 PB 4.0 Designer Notes PB 5.0 Example of Play PB 6.0 Historical Notes PB 7.0 Expanded Sequence of Play This is the Living Play Book document for the game. It includes errata and clarifications to the original rules. To aid readability, errata is indicated in blue text. GMT Games, LLC P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA

2 2 Crown of Roses Play Book Example: On Turn 3, March is the Senior York Heir, but Rivers is currently not controlled by York; though York has influence placed on him, as well as Warwick. As such, York loses one Popular Support at the beginning of the King Phase but the IPs placed on Warwick are subject to no negative modifier. On Turn 4, assuming Rivers is still controlled by York, York will have to place at least one (1) IP on Warwick or lose him during the Parliament Phase (3 pro-york Roses 4 [Game Turn] equals negative 1). PB 1.0 Optional Rules PB 1.1 Force Exhaustion This rule simulates the possibility that both armies will be too exhausted and/or too weak to continue with a Battle. If, during any Combat Round, both forces roll no hits, both sides are considered to be exhausted. The Battle ends and the Attacker must Retreat, if possible. If he cannot Retreat, the Defender may Retreat if he has a valid Retreat path. If the Defender chooses not to Retreat, then the Attacker moves all his Blocks to his Undeclared Pool. PB 1.2 Woodville Rule (Historical Rule) While March is the Senior York Heir, at the beginning of each King Phase (before resolving any actions of the King Phase), the York Player must check to see if he controls the Rivers Noble Block. If York does not control Rivers, York loses one (1) Popular Support. If York does control Rivers, York suffers the following penalty: for each of the Warwick (blue background) Nobles, York is considered to have a negative influence modifier equal to the current Game Turn number. When resolving the Gather Supporter s Phase, check the net bid amount for each Warwick Noble influenced OR controlled by York (even if no IP Markers are placed on those Nobles this is different than in the normal rules!). If the net bid amount is negative, York loses control of that Noble and places him next to the game board as an Inactive Noble (obviously, if another Player had successfully influenced the Noble, it would be placed with that Player s In-Play Nobles, instead). Remember: In a four-player game, Warwick Heirs cannot be influenced at all. PB 1.3 Distrustful Margaret Rule (Historical Rule) Queen Margaret was very distrustful of Henry Holland, the Duke of Exeter (Exeter Block), especially early in the conflict, as Exeter was Henry VI s immediate Heir at the time. Because of this mistrust (which turned out to be misplaced), Exeter cannot Lead any non-office Blocks for Movement or Combat while Margaret is In-Play in England (i.e., not in Exile). PB 1.4 Shared Estates Some Nobles/Heirs may treat Home Estates of some other Nobles/Heirs as if they were their own Home Estate, in all respects and for all game purposes. They may share Estates according to the following list: Henry VI and his Host Block, Margaret and her Host Block, and Prince Edward (Lancaster Block) may share Estates (this is in addition to being able to use the Red Rose Lancaster Estates). Salisbury, Warwick, and Montague may share Estates if the same Player controls the Blocks who are sharing. This is in addition to any Nobles that share a shield icon on their Blocks. Placement is still subject to the restrictions in the normal rules (7.2.6). PB 1.5 Team Games It is possible for Players to play the game as teams. In a fourplayer game, there will be two teams of two. A three-player game can also be used for team play, and this is especially useful if one player is more experienced (the less experienced players each play one half of one team). Teams can consist of any two Houses (exception: Lancaster and York may never be on the same team, and Buckingham and Warwick may never be on the same team). Team games use all of the standard rules, except as noted here: Each Player in a team functions as a separate entity, with individual turns and separate hands. Each will have his own pool of Influence Points. Team members cannot engage in combat against their partner. They cannot Intercept, Evade, or otherwise avoid forces belonging to their partner (e.g., by Card play). Blocks belonging to a Player s partner are considered Friendly.

3 Crown of Roses Play Book 3 Any Shire that is Friendly for either partner is considered Friendly for both partners, except for the purposes of Influence and Military Victory. Each Player tracks his control of Shires separately for Economic Victory and for determining new IPs. Control is determined by whichever partner has the most Blocks in the Shire, ties resolved per the normal tie breaking rules (10.5.1). In Combat, each partner may contribute some forces to the active Battle. One Player must contribute the Leader Block, as he would with any Battle. Each Player decides which Blocks he is willing to contribute separately, but the total number of Blocks picked for the Main Force may not exceed the Command Rating of the Leader Block. Blocks in excess of this value are placed in the Reserves, as normal. Reinforcements arrive as normal, but from both partner s forces. Retreats in combat are at the discretion of the House controlling the Leader Block, only. Each Player may Retreat to a different location, as long as he has a valid Retreat path. Remember: Blocks belonging to the Player s partner are considered Friendly. The decision to conduct a Battle Charge is at the discretion of the House controlling the Leader Block (only), but is limited to one (1) Heir, per the normal rules. The Leader Block may select a partner s Heir to Charge, but the partner may decline to Charge if he desires. Each partner rolls the damage dice for his own Blocks. The combined total is applied to the enemy force. Damage is distributed between the partners according to the standard rules, with the House controlling the Leader Block determining ties. In a joint combat force, each Player keeps his own Blocks in front of himself. In team play, each partner s Heirs function normally. Cards that affects combat can be played by either partner and affect all Friendly or Enemy forces (i.e., all partner forces are affected by any applicable Cards). In Parliament, each Player casts his Votes independently, but may (obviously) cast his Votes for his partner by selec-tion of his partner s Votes for marker. Partners are free to discuss supporting votes. Military Victory requires the indicated number of enemy Shires (or all enemy Shires if less than total exists for the enemy side; e.g. York alone in a 3P team game). In addition, Military Victory requires that EACH team member hold the indicated number of friendly Shires. Each team can win a team victory. The Military Victory conditions requires that EACH team member hold the indicated number of friendly Shires, but counts all enemy Shires held by the team (sum the values for each partner). Military Victory still requires the indicated number of enemy Shires depending on the number of players or all enemy Shires if less than the total exists for the enemy side (e.g. York alone in a 3P team game). An Economic Victory counts all areas held by the team (sum the values for each partner), but Automatic Victory is always per the 2-player level (i.e. 14 VP s). Political Victories require one (1) additional Turn as King for the team (note: Turns with either partner being King count) and count all Nobles controlled by the team (sum the number for each partner). Example: Lancaster and Buckingham are a team against York in a 3-player game. For them to achieve a Military Victory, they would need to control the six York-loyal Shires while maintaining control of at least four Shires loyal to each of Lancaster and Buckingham. Each Player in a team can also win an individual Military, Economic or Political Victory if he meets the criteria as set forth in the scenario instruction. Remember: In team play, Lancaster can never partner with York, and Buckingham can never partner with Warwick. PB 1.6 IP Collection/Usage If you find that you want even more voting, deal making and backstabbing among Players, make the following slight change to how IPs are collected and used. In the Influence Phase, when you calculate the number of IPs you are to gain, mark this with your small cylinder as usual. However, do not collect these new IPs at this point. Next, calculate your total available votes and mark this total as normal. Then, collect a number of IP Markers from your Unclaimed Pool equal to this total (important: keep these separate from your Stock IPs!). Determine the King as normal, voting based on your total votes recorded above. After determining the new King, each Player uses these separate IP Markers as Votes during the upcoming Office Phase to bid on the various Offices. I.e., true IP Markers are now only used for Influencing Nobles, while these Votes (temporarily represented by IP Markers) are used to vote on Offices. At the conclusion of the Office Phase, return all unused Votes (IP Markers) to your Unclaimed Pool, and then collect your new, true, IPs based on the small cylinder you marked previously. Example: York determines that he has gained 18 IPs this turn, so places his small white cylinder on the 18 square of the Influence Track. He does not collect 18 points of IP Markers yet, however. Instead, play proceeds to the King Phase where he calculates his total Votes an astounding 24. York collects 24 points of IP Markers from his Unclaimed Pool to serve as Votes, and then casts his vote for the King (which is worth 24 votes per normal). After winning the King, York uses his 24 Votes to bid on various Offices knowing that these Votes are not saved, so either he needs to use them, or lose them. Once Offices are all bid on, York has a single 1 IP Marker left as a Vote and returns it to his Unclaimed Pool. He then consults the Influence Track and takes 18 points of IP Markers from his Unclaimed Pool and adds them to his IP Stock. He ll use these IP Markers to Influence Nobles in the upcoming Turn(s).

4 4 Crown of Roses Play Book PB 1.7 Occupied London Immediately upon entering London with any Mercenary Block (see ), the Player controlling the Mercenary Block(s) loses one (1) Popular Support for each Strength Point (20.5.3) of these Blocks. The timing of entering is immediately after Post-Battle Movement (20.7.2). Example: Entering London with a full strength French Block would cost three (3) Popular Support. If the Player also had the full strength Burgundian Block in his force, he would lose an additional two (2) points of Popular Support! Place one of the small black wooden cylinders on the Game Turn Track as specified in the scenario. Place a small wooden cylinder of each Player s color on the zero (0) space of the Turns as King Track. Place a small black wooden cylinder on the Draw Phase of the Sequence of Play Track. Place a small black cylinder on the Impulse Track. Begin the game with the Draw Phase of the first Turn of the chosen scenario unless stated otherwise. PB 3.0 Scenarios PB 2.0 Game Setup First, select a scenario from this Playbook and choose who will play each House by any mutually agreeable method. Shuffle the Operations Cards and place them face down near the game board as the draw pile. Distribute all corresponding House Cards to each Player (e.g., the Lancaster Cards to the Lancaster Player, etc.). House Cards for a House not controlled by any Player are placed back in the game box and will not be used. Follow the set-up instructions for the selected scenario. All Inactive Blocks are placed near the game board (this includes all potential Heirs without boxes on the RoP, as well as Clarence, if their Heir Card is not listed as being set-up In-Play). All Blocks listed for set-up begin In-Play at Full Strength unless specified otherwise. Vacant Office Cards are set aside at this point. Make sure to mark Popular Support and Influence Points for the scenario on their respective tracks on the game board, using a small wooden cylinder of each House s respective color. Mark the starting Economic Points (if any) on the Influence Track using the appropriate counter for each House. PB 3.1 The Seeds of Dissent PB Game Length Nine (9) Turns, starting on Turn 1 and ending at the end of Turn 9 PB Number of Players Two-player: Lancaster and York Three-player: Lancaster, York, and Buckingham Four-player: Lancaster, York, Buckingham, and Warwick PB Victory Determination Military: Per 6.1; otherwise, Political: Win the vote for King five (5) times; or Economic: Most Economic VP s at the end of Game Turn 9 per regular rules. Note: Lancaster starting with the King Office does not count as one of the five votes needed to win. PB Starting Support Each Player places one of his small colored cylinders on the Popular Support Track on the value indicated below. This cylinder will serve as a marker for the Support Track for the rest of the game. Two-player: 2 for Lancaster, 5 for York Three-player: 2 for Lancaster, 4 for York, 3 for Buckingham Four-player: 2 for Lancaster, 4 for York, 3 for Buckingham, 5 for Warwick

5 Crown of Roses Play Book 5 PB Starting Influence Each Player places the appropriate marker on the Influence Track on the value indicated below. Each Player takes any number of Influence Point (IP) Markers whose total sum equals the value listed below for their House. Those IP Markers are placed face down in front of them and constitute the Player s Stock. The remaining IP Markers for the Player make up that Player s Unclaimed Pool. Two-player: 21 for Lancaster, 25 for York Three-player: 15 for Lancaster, 16 for York, 16 for Buckingham Four-player: 13 for Lancaster, 15 for York, 16 for Buckingham, 18 for Warwick PB Block Setup Each Player takes the Blocks listed below and places them aside. Blocks listed as name + office are Nobles holding a Parliamentary Office at the start of play. When all Players have taken their Blocks, they then perform a Wintering Phase as if a Parliament had just ended. They do not perform any other Phase prior to starting play. Block placement order is Lancaster York Warwick Buckingham (skip any Player not active in the game). Blocks with specific entry Turns (i.e., Royal Heirs) are Inactive and are set aside. 2 player games: Lancaster: Audley, Beaumont, Buckingham + Lord Chancellor, Clifford, Exeter + Lord Admiral, Henry VI, Lancaster, Margaret, Northumberland + Lord Warden, Ormonde, Oxford, Pembroke, Somerset, and Westmorland. Henry VI and Queen Margaret must be assigned a Host per the regular rules and are placed accordingly. Note: The Lancaster Block is set aside awaiting its entry Turn. York: Clarence, Essex, Fauconberg, Gloucester, Herbert, Kent, March, Montague, Norfolk + Lord Marshal, Rutland, Salisbury, Scrope, Suffolk, Warwick + Capt. of Calais, and York + Lord Lt. of Ireland and the Pale. Note: The Clarence, Gloucester, March, and Rutland Blocks are all set aside awaiting their entry Turns. 3 player games: Lancaster: Beaumont, Clifford, Exeter + Lord Admiral, Henry VI, Lancaster, Margaret, Northumberland + Lord Warden, Pembroke, Somerset, and Westmorland. Henry VI and Queen Margaret must be assigned a Host per the regular rules and are placed accordingly. Note: The Lancaster Block is set aside awaiting its entry Turn. York: Clarence, Essex, Gloucester, March, Montague, Norfolk + Lord Marshal, Rutland, Salisbury, Suffolk, Warwick + Capt. of Calais, and York + Lord Lt. of Ireland and the Pale. Note: The Clarence, Gloucester, March, and Rutland Blocks are all set aside awaiting their entry Turns. Buckingham: Arundel, Audley, Buckingham + Lord Chancellor, de Ros, Devon, Hastings, Ormonde, Oxford, and Stafford Note: The Stafford Block is set aside awaiting its entry Turn. 4 player games: Lancaster: Beaumont, Clifford, Exeter + Lord Admiral, Henry VI, Lancaster, Margaret, Northumberland + Lord Warden, Pembroke, and Somerset. Henry VI and Queen Margaret must be assigned a Host per the regular rules and are placed accordingly. Note: The Lancaster Block is set aside awaiting its entry Turn. York: Clarence, Essex, Gloucester, Kent, Lovel, March, Norfolk + Lord Marshal, Rutland, Suffolk, and York + Lt. of Ireland and the Pale. Note: The Clarence, Gloucester, March, and Rutland Blocks are all set aside awaiting their entry Turns. Buckingham: Audley, Buckingham + Lord Chancellor, de Ros, Devon, Hastings, Ormonde, Oxford, and Stafford. Note: The Stafford Block is set aside awaiting its entry Turn. Warwick: Fauconberg, Herbert, Montague, Salisbury, Scrope, and Warwick + Capt. of Calais. (2-4 Players) Shrewsbury is Unavailable on Game Turn 1; place his Block face up on the Roll of Parliament. He cannot attend the first Turn s Parliament, but can be Influenced normally otherwise. All other Nobles are Inactive. Place them next to the game board face up. PB Card Setup Place the following Cards face up in front of the designated Player. Ignore those for Houses not having a Player (e.g., don t set up the Warwick Cards in anything but a four-player game, where they are given to the person playing House Warwick). Lancaster: Henry Plantagenet, King Henry VI (Senior Heir); and Queen Margaret d Anjou, (House Card). York: Richard, Duke of York (Senior Heir) Buckingham: Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham (Senior Heir). Place a Senior Heir marker on the Roll of Parliament (RoP) Box for Buckingham. Warwick: Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury (Senior Heir); and Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (Junior Heir). Place a Senior Heir marker on the RoP Box for Salisbury and an Heir marker on the RoP Box for Warwick.

6 6 Crown of Roses Play Book PB Other Game Setup Place the following Office Cards and counters as indicated for the designated Player. Ignore those for Houses not having a Player (e.g., don t set up the Warwick Cards and counters in anything but a four-player game, where they are given to the person playing House Warwick). Do not adjust a Player s Popular Support Value when taking the below Offices. Lancaster: Take the King Office Card and place the King marker on the Henry VI Heir Card. Note that Henry VI does not gain the King Block from the Office, and has restricted powers for this Office (10.3.3). Take the Lord Admiral Office Card and place the Lord Admiral marker on the Exeter box on the RoP. Take the Lord Warden Office Card and place the Lord Warden marker on the Northumberland box on the RoP. In two-player games only, take the Lord Chancellor Office Card and place the Lord Chancellor marker on the Buckingham box on the RoP.. York: Take the Lt. of Ireland and the Pale Office Card and place the Lt. of Ireland and the Pale marker on the York Heir Card. Take the Lord Marshal Office Card and place the Lord Marshal marker on the Norfolk box on the RoP. In two- and three-player games only, take the Capt. of Calais Office Card and place the Capt. of Calais marker on the Warwick box on the RoP. Buckingham: Take the Lord Chancellor Office Card and place the Lord Chancellor marker on the Buckingham Heir Card. Warwick: Take the Capt. of Calais Office Card and place the Capt. of Calais marker on the Warwick Heir Card. PB Scenario Special Rules 1. Calais was raided just prior to the start of play, place a Plundered marker in that Shire. 2. Salisbury, Warwick, and Montague are locked in a feud against Northumberland. No Player may control Northumberland if he also controls Salisbury or Warwick or Montague until after Game Turn Players may use any of the optional rules (PB 1.0) 4. Note that the following Inactive Blocks may not enter play until their corresponding Heir Cards are played: Clarence, Gloucester, Lancaster, March, Rutland, and Stafford. 5. Short Scenario option: Prior to starting, Players may opt to end the game after Game Turn 5, instead of Game Turn 9. If necessary, calculate Economic Victory at this time. 6. Kingmaker variant: The following group of rules can be used to play a more free flowing version of the game and can be used alone, or in combination with any other Special or Optional Rules. a) The following Blocks are not In-Play until entered as Heirs (by Card play): Gloucester, Lancaster, March, Stafford, and Rutland. In this scenario, ignore entry Turn restrictions on these Heir Cards they may be played at any time subject to the limit of two (2) active Heirs at any time (10.3.2). Clarence is available to be Influenced by all Players from the start of the scenario, until he becomes the York Senior Heir (10.3.5). b) After any Engagement where a Player eliminates an enemy Heir, that Player draws one (1) OPS Card and adds it to his hand (even if they are not the Victor in the Battle per ). c) Optional Rule: At the end of each Parliament Phase, flip all unclaimed Noble Blocks face down and mix them up. Each Player then draws one Block at random in the order listed below. Each Player draws only one Block, regardless of the number of Offices he holds. If no Blocks remain when it is a Player s turn to choose, that Player simply draws nothing. Players who hold no Offices draw first in the following order (remember; skip Player Houses that have Offices or are not in the game; they will draw a Block later if in the game): Buckingham Warwick York Lancaster The order of the draw is: 1) None (Buckingham Warwick York Lancaster) 2) Warden 3) Lieutenant 4) Captain 5) Admiral 6) Marshal 7) Treasurer 8) Chancellor 9) King

7 Crown of Roses Play Book 7 PB Block Setup Each Player takes the Blocks listed below and places them aside. Blocks listed as name+office are Nobles holding a Parliamentary Office at the start of play. When all Players have taken their Blocks, they then perform a Wintering Phase as if a Parliament had just ended. They do not perform any other Phase prior to starting play. Block placement order is Lancaster, then York. Blocks with specific entry turns (i.e., Royal Heirs) are Inactive and are set aside. PB 3.2 Tangled Branches PB Game Length Four (4) Turns, starting on Turn 3 and ending at the end of Turn 6. PB Number of Players Two-player: Lancaster and York PB Victory Determination Lancaster: Military: Eliminate March and Rutland; otherwise Political: Win the vote for King two (2) consecutive Turns; or Economic: Most Economic VP s at the end of Game Turn 6 per regular rules. York: Military: Eliminate Lancaster; otherwise Political: Win the vote for King two (2) consecutive Turns; or Economic: Most Economic VP s at the end of Game Turn 6 per regular rules. Note: York starting with the King Office does not count as one of the two votes needed to win. PB Starting Support Each Player places one of his small colored cylinders on the Popular Support Track on the value indicated below. This cylinder will serve as a marker for the Support Track for the rest of the game. 3 for Lancaster 5 for York PB Starting Influence Each Player places the appropriate marker on the Influence Track on the value indicated below. Each Player takes any number of Influence Point (IP) Markers whose total sum equals the value listed below for their House. Those IP Markers are placed face down in front of them and constitute the Player s Stock. The remaining IP Markers for the Player make up that Player s Unclaimed Pool. 15 for Lancaster 20 for York Lancaster: Beaumont, Clifford, de Ros, Exeter + Lord Admiral, Lancaster + Margaret, Northumberland + Lord Warden, Oxford, Somerset, and Westmorland. Note: Margaret must start with the Lancaster Block in this scenario. York: Clarence, Essex, Gloucester, Hastings, Herbert, Kent, March + King, Montague, Norfolk + Lord Marshal, Suffolk, and Warwick + Capt. of Calais. Note: The Clarence and Gloucester Blocks are set aside awaiting their entry turn. The following Nobles are Out of Play: Salisbury, Stafford, and York. Place them face down on the Roll of Parliament or remove from game if no they have no Parliament box. They cannot be Influenced and will not be used in this scenario. All other Nobles are Inactive. Place them next to the game board face up. PB Card Setup Place the following Cards face up in front of the designated Player. Lancaster: Queen Margaret d Anjou (House Card); and Edward, Prince of Wales (Junior Heir) York: Edward, Earl of March (Senior Heir) PB Other Game Setup Place the following Office Cards and markers as indicated for the designated Player. Do not adjust a Player s Popular Support Value when taking the below Offices. Lancaster: Take the Lord Warden Office Card and place the Lord Warden marker on the Northumberland box on the Roll of Parliament (RoP). Take the Lord Admiral Office Card and place the Lord Admiral marker on the Exeter box on the RoP. York: Take the King Office Card and place the King marker on the March Card. Take the Capt. of Calais Office Card and place the Capt. of Calais marker on the Warwick box on the RoP. Take the Lord Marshal Office Card and place the Lord Marshal marker on the Norfolk box on the RoP. Remove the Richard, Duke of York (Y1) House Card from the game.

8 8 Crown of Roses Play Book PB Scenario Special Rules 1. Henry VI is being held prisoner by the Yorkists. He cannot be released until March is dead or in Exile. He will be executed in the Clean-Up Phase at the end of the scenario unless released sooner. The Yorkists hold the Henry VI Card and Block off-map while he is in captivity. On the turn during which March is eliminated or proceeds to Exile, the Henry VI Card and Block are returned to the Lancaster Player and must be placed into play during that Wintering Phase. Henry VI is considered In-Play while being held prisoner but is not represented on the map by a Block, does not attend Parliament, and does not get placed during the Wintering Phase until as noted above. Since Henry VI is the Lancaster Senior Heir, as an exception to the requirement that only a Player with a Senior Heir that attends Parliament may be elected King, the Lancaster Player can have their Junior Heir elected King (technically Protector of England ) while Henry VI is captive. 2. Players may use any of the optional rules (PB 1.0). 3. Note that the following Inactive Blocks may not enter play until their corresponding Heir Cards are played: Clarence and Gloucester. PB 3.3 The Bloodiest Thorn PB Game Length Four (4) Turns, starting on Turn 6 and ending at the end of Turn 9. PB Number of Players Two-player: Lancaster and York PB Victory Determination Lancaster: Military: Eliminate Gloucester; otherwise Political: Win the vote for King two (2) consecutive Turns; or Economic: Most Economic VP s at the end of Game Turn 9 per regular rules. York: Military: Eliminate Richmond; otherwise Political: Win the vote for King two (2) consecutive Turns; or Economic: Most Economic VP s at the end of Game Turn 6 per regular rules. Note: York starting with the King Office does not count as one of the two votes needed to win. PB Starting Support Each Player places one of his small colored cylinders on the Popular Support Track on the value indicated below. This cylinder will serve as a marker for the Support Track for the rest of the game. 4 for Lancaster 3 for York PB Starting Influence Each Player places the appropriate marker on the Influence Track on the value indicated below. Each Player takes any number of Influence Point (IP) Markers whose total sum equals the value listed below for their House. Those IP Markers are placed face down in front of them and constitute the Player s Stock. The remaining IP Markers for the Player make up that Player s Unclaimed Pool. 9 for Lancaster 13 for York

9 Crown of Roses Play Book 9 PB Block Setup Each Player takes the Blocks listed below and places them aside. Blocks listed as name+office are Nobles holding a Parliamentary Office at the start of play. When all Players have taken their Blocks, they then perform a Wintering Phase as if a Parliament had just ended. They do not perform any other Phase prior to starting play. Block placement order is Lancaster, then York. Blocks with specific entry turns (i.e., Royal Heirs) are Inactive and are set aside. Lancaster: Beaumont, de Ros, Devon, Oxford, Pembroke, Richmond, and Westmorland York: Essex, Gloucester + King, Lovel, Norfolk + Lord Marshal + Lord Admiral, Northumberland + Lord Warden, and Suffolk The following Nobles and Heirs are Out of Play and will not be used in this scenario: Audley, Buckingham, Clarence, Clifford, Exeter, Hastings, King Henry VI, Lancaster, March, Montague, Ormonde, Queen Margaret, Rutland, Salisbury, Somerset, Southwick, Stafford, Warwick, Wiltshire, Worcester and York. Place them face down on the Roll of Parliament display or remove from the game if they have no Parliament box. Remove the Scots, French, and Burgundian Blocks from the game; their corresponding Cards may only be played for OPS in this scenario. PB Card Setup Place the following Cards face up in front of the designated Player. Lancaster: Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond (Senior Heir); and Sir Rhys ap Thomas (Ally Card). Place a Senior Heir marker on the Roll of Parliament Box for Richmond. York: Richard,Duke of Gloucester (Senior Heir); William, Lord Catesby (Ally Card); and Sir Richard Ratcliffe (Ally Card). PB Other Game Setup Place the following Office Cards and counters as indicated for the designated Player. Do not adjust a Player s Popular Support Value when taking the below Offices. Lancaster: Remove the Welsh Archers Card (Card 56) from the Operations Card deck and place it in with the Lancaster Player s House Cards. This Card is treated as a House Card for the Lancaster Player for the duration of this scenario, including removal from the game when played for any reason (note: if played for the Event, removal occurs when the Welsh Block is removed from the map either upon being eliminated or at the start of the King Phase (24.1.2)). Remove the King Henry VI (L1), Queen Margaret (L2), Edward, Prince of Wales (L4) and Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter (L5) House Cards from the game. York: Take the King Office Card and place the King marker on the Gloucester Card. Take the Lord Admiral and the Lord Marshal Office Cards and place the Lord Admiral and Lord Marshal markers on the Norfolk box on the Roll of Parliament (yes, both Offices). Take the Lord Warden Office Card and place the Lord Warden marker on the Northumberland box on the Roll of Parliament. Remove the Richard, Duke of York (Y1), George, Duke of Clarence (Y2), Rutland, Earl of Rutland (Y5), and Edward, Earl of March (Y7) House Cards from the game. PB Scenario Special Rules & Optional Rules 1. Northumberland is suffering from disaffection. Each time the York Player activates him as a Leader, he must roll a 4 or more on 1d6. If he fails, Northumberland stays in place and ignores the order; he can t be moved at all, even as part of a stack. Because Northumberland s loyalty is in question, he cannot travel with Gloucester unless Gloucester also has at least one other non-office Block with him. If Northumberland is the Defender in a Battle, the York Player rolls 1d6. On a 4 or more, this rule effect is canceled for the rest of the game. 2. Always Loyal: The following units can t be turned by any means, including Treachery Cards. The opposing Player cannot place IPs on them or control them: Only Lancaster may bid on or control: Oxford, Rivers, Pembroke, ap Thomas (Ally card), and Welsh Archers. Only York may bid on or control: Suffolk, Norfolk, Lovel, Catesby (Ally card), and Ratcliffe (Ally card). 3. The Lancaster player may place Rivers In-Play during the Wintering Phase of the second Game Turn (i.e., Turn 7), even if not previously bid on. 4. Richmond and Oxford do not attend Parliament on the first turn of the scenario (Turn 6). They had been declared outlaws and would be arrested and executed if they showed up. 5. As noted above, the Scots, French, and Burgundian Cards (Cards 49, 52 and 55) may only be played for OPS in this scenario. 6. Optional What If: Assume that Henry Stafford (Stafford Block) had escaped following his rebellion in 1483 to join the Lancastrians. The Stafford Block is added to the starting Lancaster forces and is available in the scenario (including being influenced back to the Yorkist side) use the Buckingham box on the RoP.

10 10 Crown of Roses Play Book PB 3.4 Quick Play Crown of Roses PB General Summary For those Players interested in a quicker game of Crown of Roses, we suggest the following rules. First, Players should follow rules PB to PB for game length, victory conditions and setup. Second, Players should utilize the Scenario Special Rules, below. PB Scenario Special Rules and Optional Rules Players are suggested to use all the following, but may leave some of these rule changes out if desired. 1. After any Engagement where a Player eliminates an enemy Heir, that Player draws one (1) OPS Card and adds it to his hand (even if they are not the Victor in the Battle per ). 2. The number of Impulses (13.0) in each Game Turn is fixed at 5 3. A Player may use 1 OPS in an Action Step similar as in 13.3 and 15.1 to move an Undeclared Noble to In-Play status to any Shire containing a Home Estate for that Noble. Treat this movement exactly as a regular Move (16.1)) with the Noble treated as a Leader (including the ability to lead additional Blocks out of the Undeclared Pool with him). The moved Stack cannot move further (even via Forced March) and such movement can be Evaded (16.5) or Intercepted (16.6) as if it were a regular move into the Shire. 4. Use the Where do you think you re going? Optional Rule in In the Influence Phase, do not use the optional rule of +1 IP if in a Block s Home Estate (23.1.2). Also, do not grant IP s for Unoccupied, but same SL Shires (23.1.1). Players only gain IP s for the Shires they occupy and any bonus IP s from Offices, Popular Support and discarded Ally Cards (if used at this time). 6. In the King Phase, perform 24.1 as in the regular rules, but 24.2 is modified as follows: First (before picking up any Nobles from the map), resolve the RoP as per Any Noble that is gained control of via this step is placed in the new controlling Player s Undeclared Pool, along with any attached Offices (note: attached Mercenary Blocks were removed in 24.1 already). Second, every controlled Noble not in Exile attends Parliament, but does not get picked up. Instead, each Player (one at a time, so as not to confuse who controls which Nobles) turns his Blocks face-up and adds up their Ranks (this includes any Nobles and/or Offices in that Player s Undeclared Pool). Once the Vote total is recorded (including any bonus votes per ), increase any damaged Blocks by one (1) step, up to their Full Combat Strength, and then return all Blocks to hidden status. This is repeated for each Player. Important Optional Rule (yes, an Optional rule to an Optional rule!): At this time, before counting a Block s Rank for Votes, a Player may immediately send any Heir at less than Full Combat Strength to any available Exile Box. Entry of an Exile Box at this point generates the 1 Popular Support as if they moved in during the Movement Phase, reduces the Block to Retainer Strength (exceptions per ). [Note: Consider this option if you are concerned that Heirs are dying too easily with the above rules, though remember that both Players will get to move Blocks before the first Battles of the next turn.] Third, Vote for King per , noting that a Player must have a Senior Heir that attended Parliament (in this case, that means was In-Play or Undeclared and not in Exile ). 7. The Victory check Phase is done per normal rules (25.0) 8. The Office Phase is modified as follows: First, roll on the following table to determine which Offices have expired (do not remove any Offices that are not listed as having expired the current Noble continues to hold that Office at this time!). 1. Chancellor, Marshall, Lieutenant 2. Treasurer, Marshall, Warden 3. Chancellor, Marshall, Admiral, 4. Treasurer, Capt. Of Calais, Admiral, 5. Chancellor, Capt. Of Calais, Warden 6. Treasurer, Capt. Of Calais, Lieutenant In addition to any Offices indicated above, all vacant Offices are also available to be filled. Offices are filled per the regular bidding rules (26.2). Note that 26.4 still holds for an unfilled Chancellor s Office. Office Blocks are placed in any friendly Shire subject to the Stacking Limits and the ability of a Noble to hold the Office (26.3). All Office Blocks should be rotated to be at Full Combat Strength at this time (even those that did not change owners). 9. There is no Wintering Phase (27.0), proceed directly to Clean-up (28.). Yes, this means an Heir that goes to Exile in the King Phase to escape being killed will lose two Popular Support ( 1 for entry and another 1 for wintering over in Exile). Sometimes one must make tough choices!

11 PB 4.0 Designer Notes When I sat down to rebuild the AH classic Kingmaker, it was my intention to simply update the game, with new graphics and components, a larger map, fix some of the historical faux pas present (which represented the prevailing views in academia at the time the game was created), and perhaps clean up and orga-nize the rules a little. What evolved was entirely something else altogether. Crown of Roses is a distinctly different game from Kingmaker, while still retaining the feel of the period, and, I believe, the fun of the original game. Why Blocks? Since the nobility was so heavily invested in the conflict, we elected to use the nobles as the basic units for Crown of Roses. In addition, to add to the uncertainty of which exact nobles were present at a battle, we determined that blocks were the best choice they allowed for a high degree of fog of war, and also gave us a level of granularity with respect to troop quality and strength. We decided each block would have to be rated for several factors: army quality and strength, leadership and command, how quick they were to rush to battle, their influence in parliament, and some form of prestige or patronage. For the sake of simplic-ity (and cleaner graphics), we determined that all of the ratings would remain constant regardless of what side the block was on, with the exception of troop quality and strength. This then allowed us to minimize the values on the block and concentrate on the ones that mattered. Where did the Combat Factors come from? The troop factors chosen for each block were derived from each magnate s individual wealth, his regular income, the value of his lands, his political savvy and connections, as well as on his personal charisma; all of these being things that would allow him to recruit an army. Better connected, wealthier men were able to hire better troops. In some cases (like Rutland and Lancaster), the values are more subjective, as these individuals never had the opportunity historically to grow on their own as members of the peerage. Where Crown of Roses Play Book 11 necessary, we generate troop strengths based on a best-guess of how they would be received once they reached adulthood. Heraldry The graphic representation of the nobles presented a difficult choice we could have used the noble s livery, or one of their badges, or, as we ultimately chose, a form of their heraldry. The original heraldry followed the true historical model, with many quarterings (the shield is divided into quarters, with images on each quarter panel). Unfortunately, at the scale of the blocks, the quarterings were difficult to see and made identification on sight that much harder. To that end, in some cases, the historical heraldry was modified to improve the playability of the game. How Many Players? In Kingmaker, the players represent the various political fac-tions, each with their own agenda. Such factions did exist, and they were in some portion responsible for the Wars, but after the Act of Accord, the conflict was a dynastic struggle. Thus we decided that the players would represent the major noble houses of Lancaster and York, instead of various cliques. But we wanted to make it more than just a two-player game, and opted to include two additional player houses - the House of Buckingham (whose lineage descended from a son of Edward III), and the House of Warwick, who was a distant cousin to the House of Lancaster, being descended from Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort, a granddaughter of Edward III. What about the minor Nobility? Because we simply could not include a block for every family that took part in the conflicts, we opted to place some of them on cards that players can place into play and discard at their leisure. Each one has one or more special abilities that can be accessed through the discard process. Because they are on cards, they will return over and over again, and represent those nobles who sometimes were there and sometimes weren t. Why have a Henry VI or Margaret block? Henry VI and Margaret were central to the Lancastrian cause, especially early on in the period. But Henry was not a good sol-dier or leader, and giving him the powerful noble army size and ability to function normally made little sense. He was, for most of the period, a mere pawn of more willful persons, like Queen Margaret. Instead his weak block is dependent on a regular noble block for most game functions. Margaret is represented as a special Lancastrian block, even though she was not a part of the line of succession. She was however a stronger leader than her husband, and was very determined to succeed. But she was not a true Noble in the sense that she was personally leading men into battle, so while she too has a Noble block; like Henry VI, she requires a regular noble to operate normally. Why do Nobles turn into Heirs later in the game? Historically, some of the heirs on a house had not even been born at the start of the period. Some entered much later, but the title was still in use before they arrived. A perfect example is Hen-

12 12 Crown of Roses Play Book ry Tudor, the Earl of Richmond, who emerges as the Lancaster player s final heir in the game. His block (Richmond) however is available sooner because his father Edmund holds that title. For such historical nobles, we went the route of making the block become the heir once the corresponding card is played. Other titles, which only existed for an heir, remain out of play until the card hits the table. This strategy allowed for the inclu-sion of historical forces without increasing the number of blocks needed. What s Bastard Feudalism? Bastard Feudalism, a term first coined in 1885 by historian Charles Plummer, refers to the maintenance of retainers by the nobility, and is often cited as a cause of the Wars of the Roses. The retainers wore the noble s livery (badge and colors), and fought in battle for them, while the noble protected them and helped to further the retainer s interests. This allowed the creation of large private armies that the nobles could call upon, armies who were more loyal to their chosen magnate than to their king. By the middle of the century, these nobles began to quarrel openly with one another, quarrels which were often settled at the point of a halberd. Because the landed gentry lacked confidence in the law, which had become corrupt without the control of a firm royal hand, it became more important for them to have a noble protector. They fought their patron s battles, eventually being caught up in the larger quarrel between Lancaster and York. To represent this uncontrolled retaining, we made the mustering of new troops fairly fast and relatively easy to do. We did set some limits however, so that a player can t simply rotate blocks through an area to gain a large number of troops repeatedly. How do you handle the Feuds between Nobles? We needed a way to represent the various blood feuds that occurred during the period, like the Percy-Neville and Courtney-Bonville feuds. But we did not want them to be a presiding issue for players to have to solve or defeat. Keeping it limited to scenario specific rules simplified matters while still giving players the right feel. How does terrain factor in? In Kingmaker terrain such as forests, rivers, and roads, were accounted for with special movement costs. The primary means of movement was along roads or cart-paths, and not through the countryside. Rivers were fordable in many cases, or had towns and bridges nearby. And while road travel is a key form of movement in Kingmaker, in truth, there were roads (or some semblance of them) almost everywhere in England, so we decided they would be abstracted into normal movement. Only in the less settled regions like the mountains of Wales and the Pennines or in the Fens would such roads not be present, and these areas have a higher movement cost to represent this fact. As a result, we elected to simplify the land border types into rough and clear, and provide for two more for the sea (same or adjacent sea zone). This allowed a very simple movement cost scheme (1 vs 2), and still left room for special movement rules like Safe Roads, the Wash, and the Fens. The Operations Deck The Operations Deck indirectly simulates the seemingly random events that took place in the period; and more directly, the lack of a strong, effective government, in the form of foreign raids and planned uprisings such as Robin of Redesdale s rebellion. OPS points represent supplies and strategic planning on the part of the houses and their immediate advisers. And because the events are, by and large, under a player s control, the player bears more responsibility for what happens as a result, making them more invested in the outcome. Parliament and the Body Politic As the design progressed, we found ourselves having fits over the inclusion of Parliament. The system used in Kingmaker is very good at generating the political chaos of the day simply through player interaction. But I didn t feel a clone of that system would work, as it needed to be faster and simpler; but while still retaining the right feel. The voting for officers was one thing that needed to be present, but we simply didn t have the room for all of the offices. After several variations on a theme, we settled on a total of the eight titles presented in Crown of Roses. This gave us a good selection without overburdening the game. We chose to use a bid system for collecting offices and nobles, as this represented the real-world application of political favors and lucrative merchant contracts. During testing however, we found that using visible bids caused players to stop and rethink their plans, and to play their bids more defensively (to prevent offices from falling to the wrong player for example). We found that the games would slow significantly, as players literally played one IP more than the opposition, and this effect see-sawed back and forth. When we tried blind bidding, we discovered that the players were a bit more cautious about playing bids, as the hidden bids created a fog of war for Parliament and led to more players looking to kill off opposing houses and supporters, leading to more involved, faster games. Pro-faction Leanings and Influence Thresholds While it is true that many families that took part in the wars switched sides or changed their political stance from time to time, there were other families that refused to waver from their chosen course and always gave support to their side. This led to the idea of the pro-factions values in the noble boxes. A noble with colored rose icons in their box are stronger supporters of a particular side in the conflict. Thresholds emerged around this time as well, as a sort of population control for the nobles. There are certainly examples of nobles who were ready (and in fact some downright anxious) to fight, but there are others that declined to don their armor. The thresholds reflect that fact; they prevent the easy recruiting of larger magnates, while still allowing a strong attempt to succeed in gaining that noble s arms to your cause.

13 Crown of Roses Play Book 13 (L) groans as he has three Blocks in that Shire: Somerset, Henry VI, and Queen Margaret. Plague losses are equal to the SV in the Plague Shire location, so (L) decides to have both Somerset and Margaret suffer a Step Loss (the Blocks are rotated 90 degrees to show this), and then places a Devastated marker in the Shire (meaning (L) can t perform any Mustering there). Adjacent Shires also suffer some effects (L) has Exeter and the Admiral Block in Devon, which must lose one (1) Step as adjacent Shires lose SV-1, minimum one Step (Lancaster applies the Step Loss to the Admiral Block). (W) has Montague in Gloucester and (B) has Ormonde in Wiltshire, both lose one (1) Step (the latter since there is always a minimum of one (1) Step Loss). PB 5.0 Example of Play This example of play is intended to introduce Crown of Roses to the players more rapidly. In Medias Res: We will start in the middle of the first turn of a four-player game. Players are abbreviated by House: (B)=Buckingham, (L)=Lancaster, (W)=Warwick, (Y)=York. Shire names are italicized to clearly distinguish from Noble Blocks. While we will refer to Blocks by name, remember that usually only the controlling Player will be able to see which Blocks are which (at least until Combat resolution)! Third Impulse (3 of 5): Card Plays are: B-60 (Plague - 2 OPS Mandatory), L-42 (Desertions - 2 OPS Event), W-45 (Show of Solidarity - 2 OPS Event), & Y-30 (French Raid - 1 OPS Event). (L), the current King, will decide the Player order of the three Players tied at 2 OPS, and (Y) will go last in the Impulse due to his 1 OPS Card. (L) decides that (B) will go first, followed by (W) and then himself. (B) draws for a Plague location and gets Somerset (SV = 2). The Mandatory Event also gives (B) two (2) OPS Points to use. He elects to spend the first OPS Point to move the now reduced Ormonde from Wiltshire to Stafford. He first moves into Oxford using 1 MP and pauses to allow (W) to decide whether he wishes to Intercept or not (W) declines. He then spends a second MP to enter Warwick and a half of an MP to enter Stafford using the Safe Roads rule (Stafford is Friendly controlled by virtue of its yellow SL). With the second OPS Point, he chooses to apply Political Influence to a Noble and places two hidden IP Markers on Oxford s box (a zero (0) IP Marker and a three (3) IP Marker). (W) goes next, playing Show of Solidarity for the Event placing three Ally Cards into play at the bottom of his House Mat. None of the Ally Cards so played generate OPS or Event text upon entering, so Warwick s action is complete (as he chooses to not use any of their discard abilities).

14 14 Crown of Roses Play Book (L) also chooses to use his CC as the Event, and targets Pembroke, which contains a single Warwick Block (Herbert). Lancaster rolls a 4, causing two (2) Step Losses to Herbert, who is reduced below Retainer Strength by the desertion of his army. Per the Card text, Herbert is placed into Warwick s Undeclared Pool and Pembroke becomes Lancaster controlled again (due to the Red pro- Lancaster SL color). Last to play is (Y), who uses his Card s Event to generate a French Raid in Devon. For Raids (or Planned Uprisings), any Player may r e s p o n d t h o u g h t h e choice is made in Impulse order (so Buckingham, Warwick, Lancaster, York in this Impulse). Each Officer with a Home Estate in the designated Shire decides if he will respond (which allows a free move to the designated Shire). The Warden and Captain (controlled by Buckingham and Warwick) decline to move, so the Admiral (Lancaster s Exeter) responds. Note that even if (Y) had the Devon Block as an Officer (noting that Devon has a Home Estate in Devon), since (L) when before (Y) in Impulse order, (L) would have the first right to be the Responding Noble. Since the Block is already present in Devon, there is no movement and the Raid is resolved (Raids and Planned Uprisings are resolved immediately in the game instead of in the combat step). The Controlling Player is (Y), so he rolls three (3) blue dice (hit on 5+ each) for the French, with the results of 2, 2, & 4. All three (3) dice miss and the Raid is over. (L) gains one (1) Point of Popular Support from that adventure and places a Plundered marker in Devon. Fourth Impulse (4 of 5): Card Plays are: B-22 (Lord Stourton - 3 OPS Ally), L-55 (Scottish Clans - 2 OPS Persistent Event), W-68 (Stormy Seas - 1 OPS Surprise), & Y-21 (Francesco dei Coppini - 3 OPS Ally) The King decides that (B) will go first, followed by (Y), then (because of the OPS values) himself and last (W). Card #22 (first) Card #21 (second) Card #55 (third) Card #68 (fourth) (B) plays his Ally Card (Lord Stourton) for the Event text, placing it face up by his House Mat. The Card will remain there until discarded. (B) also gains 1 OPS Point to spend immediately, per the Card text. He spends the 1 OPS to activate the Buckingham Block in Stafford and move his stack (himself, the Attached Chancellor Block, and Ormonde) to Nottingham to face a single Warwick Block (Scope). (Y) also plays his Card for the Event text, placing it face up by his House Mat. Like (B), his Ally also grants 1 OPS, which he uses to move his Suffolk Block from Suffolk into London to join the York Block. Because both Essex and London are York controlled, both of the borders crossed cost only one half (1/2) of a MP. Like the other Houses before him, (L) also plays his Card for the Event text, Attaching the Scots Mercenary Block to the Northumberland Block in Northumberland (who also has Attached the Warden Block). Since (W) played a Surprise Card as his Command Card (CC), he must use it solely for its OPS Points. He does so by spending the one (1) OPS Point to activate his Senior Heir, Salisbury, (in North Riding) with Fauconberg (not yet an Heir), and send-ing them to Nottingham to reinforce Scrope. There is one Battle this Impulse, composed of one Engagement, with ( W ) b e i n g t h e first Attacker (last Blocks to enter the

15 Crown of Roses Play Book 15 Shire being Salisbury leading Fauconberg) against (B) as the Defender. Scrope will be a Reinforcement for (W), entering on the second Combat Round. Round one sees a (B) Main Force of Buckingham (Leader Block) with the Chancellor and the reduced strength Ormonde versus a (W) Main Force led by Salisbury (the Leader during the Land Movement into the Shire) and Fauconberg. While both sides have Heirs, neither decides to conduct a Battle Charge at this point. Since neither side has the Marshal or King (and, hence, the ability to force a Noble to re-roll their combat dice), all dice in Line Combat can be rolled together. Warwick Reinforcements (enter Round 2) Warwick Main Force Buckingham Main Force Round 2 (after Battle Charge) Warwick Main Force Buckingham Main Force The attacker rolls first, though this is not required, as each Engagement is simultaneous. (W) rolls one (1) red die, three (3) blue dice, and one (1) green die, getting two (2) hits. (B) rolls 1/4/2 (red/blue/green) dice and only gets one (1) hit. For (B), the Buckingham Block, which is the strongest Block, must take the first Step Loss, but he can instead apply it to the Chancellor Block, as that Block is Attached and in the Main Force. He does so; but since the Buckingham Block is still the strongest Block, it must also suffer the second Step Loss. (B) also applies this to the Chancellor Block, removing that Block from play. (B) still controls the Office, but simply lacks its troops. Salisbury, being the sole three (3) Step Warwick Block is reduced by one (1) Step. There is no Retreat on round one. On round two, Scrope arrives as reinforcement, though Salisbury maintains command as Heirs always outrank non-heirs and Salisbury is the highest ranking Warwick Heir H-#1). (W), the attacker, chooses not to conduct a Battle Charge, but (B), noting that Salisbury is wounded, decides to have his Buckingham Heir Block conduct a Battle Charge against Salisbury. Buckingham rolls one (1) red and two (2) blue dice, all with a +1 drm against Salisbury. (W) is lucky and (B) only rolls one (1) hit. Salisbury returns fire with two (2) blue dice, scoring one (1) hit, as well. Salisbury is reduced to Retainer Strength and Buckingham is reduced by one (1) Step. In Line Combat, (W) now has 1/3/1 (red/blue/green ) dice and (B) has only 1/1 (blue/green) as the Buckingham Block does not get to use Line Combat due to conducting a Battle Charge. The dice are rolled and (B) gets lucky and somehow scores two (2) more hits, while (W) scores an amazing four (4) hits! For (W), Scrope or Fauconberg must take the first Step Loss as both are at Strength = 2, (W) chooses Scrope for the first Step Loss, noting that Fauconberg will have to take the second (as both Scrope and Salisbury are now at their Retainer Strength of one (1) die only). (B) has to take four (4) hits total. He must take the first one on Buckingham (as he is the strongest Block), and can take the next on either Buckingham or Ormonde, reducing either to Retainer Strength. He chooses Ormonde. The third must then be taken on Buckingham (still at Strength = 2), reducing him also to Retainer Strength. The last Step Loss will eliminate one of his Blocks, and (B) choose Ormonde. At the end of this combat round, (B) decides to retreat to Leicester. (W) has no non-house 3 OPS Cards to discard to Pursue, and lets him go (he could discard a 3 OPS House Card, but chooses not to). Ormonde now rolls on the Elimination Chart, getting a 3, which Kills Ormonde making his Block status Unavailable. Ormonde is placed face-up on his RoP Box, indicating that he cannot be Influenced and, if there had been any IP Markers currently on his RoP Box, these would have been returned to the controlling Player s Unclaimed Pool(s). (W) currently has three (3) Blocks, so decides to redistributed his Blocks via Post-Battle Movement, moving Salisbury to West Riding to avoid suffering any Attrition. (W) then increases his Popular Support by one (1), due to being a Victor against an Enemy Heir (Buckingham). Fifth Impulse (5 of 5): Card Plays are: B-68 (Stormy Seas - 1 OPS Surprise), L-54 (Influential Voice - 3 OPS Event), W-W7 (The Kingmaker 3 OPS House Event), & Y-23 (Lord Dacre - 3 OPS Ally). Everyone except (B) played a 3 OPS card, so (L) will decide player order for the three tied Players and (B) (with 1 OPS) will go last. (L) decides (Y) will go first, followed by (W) and then himself.

16 16 Crown of Roses Play Book Card #23 (first) Card #W7 (second) Card #54 (third) Card #68 (fourth) Before anyone conducts their actions, (B) plays the Surprise Card Bad Roads (Card #63). This is a Persistent Event Card, so (B) places it near the map board so all Players will be reminded that Land Movement during the rest of the Operations Phase will be +1 per Shire border crossed. (B) draws a re-placement Card as this Surprise Card was played for its Event text, not as a CC. (Y) plays his Card for the Ally Event and Dacre enters play. This Card has a comes into play ability that gives (Y) one (1) OPS Point to spend. He uses the OPS Point to do a Political Influence Action, placing Influence on one (1) Noble in Parliament, selecting Arundel. He places a face-down three (3) IP Marker on the Arundel space on the RoP. (W) also uses his Card for the Event. He rolls a single die and gets a five (5). He adds four (4) to this result (per the Card text) and gets a total of nine (9) IPs from his Unclaimed Pool. He then gets to place Influence on any one (1) Noble. He places five (5) IPs on Norfolk, face down (using a two (2) and a three (3) IP Marker). The Card is then removed from the game as it is a non-persistent Event House Card it will not appear again. (L) uses his card for OPS, spending two (2) to place Influence on two Nobles in Parliament. He places a face down two (2) IP Marker on Northumberland, and two face down 1 IP Markers (for a total of two (2) IPs) on Somerset. With the third OPS Point, he activates Northumberland and moves his army south towards West Riding. He moves via Durham (1+1 MP for Bad Roads) and North Riding (1+1 MP for Bad Roads). (W) chooses not to Intercept with his lone Salisbury Block in West Riding. (L) then declares a Force March and moves his Moving Stack one additional Shire, into West Riding. (L) rolls Attrition for the Force March, which results in the Scots Mercenary Block losing one (1) step. (W) decides to attempt both Evasion with Salisbury and Interception with Fauconberg and Scrope (in Nottingham). Since Interceptions must be resolved before Evasions, (W) checks for the Interception and succeeds Fauconberg and Scrope move into West Riding. (W) could choose to leave Salisbury in West Riding, but decides that the one extra blue die from Salisbury isn t worth the risk. (W) rolls a 1, which succeeds and Salisbury moves to Nottingham. (L) then plays a Surprise Card - #73, Secret Plots and chooses one of (Y) s face-up Ally Cards; in this case Coppini, Card #21). He takes the Coppini Ally Card and places it in front of him. (Y) can not discard Coppini to prevent this, as the Surprise Card forbids such an action. (L) then draws a replacement Card, getting #31 French Raid. Finally, (B) plays his Card for one (1) OPS Point, which he uses for a Political Influence action to Influence his cousin, the Earl of Wiltshire, by placing a zero (0) and a three (3) IP Marker face-down in his RoP Box. Combat is then resolved in West Riding. Round one has a (L) Main Force comprising Northumberland and the two Attached Blocks of the Warden and the Scots (the latter reduced by one (1) Step). (W) has a Main Force of Fauconberg (at his 2 blue dice Strength) and Scrope (at Retainer Strength). Before the dice are rolled, (W) discards all his remaining Ally Cards to gain a temporary bonus of three (3) green dice. Despite this, he only gets one (1) hit, while (L) scores four (4). (L) applies his Step Loss on the Scots via the association with Hosting Northumberland (since the Mercenary Block will vanish during the King Phase, anyway). (W) loses both Fauconberg and Scrope, who both must roll on the Elimination Chart. Fauconberg (not currently an Heir) rolls a 5 and is only Wounded. His Block becomes Inactive and is no longer controlled by (W). Scrope rolls a 6 and Escapes; (W) places his Block into his Undeclared Pool where he will still be available to attend Parliament. Since no Enemy Heir was present, (L) does not gain any Popular Support; and since the Stacking Limit in West Riding is 3 (SV =2 +1), (L) cannot perform any Post-Battle Movement (as he has only three (3) Blocks in the Shire). Influence Phase The Players now calculate their IPs gained for the Turn. (B) gains 1 IP for Leicester and 3 IPs for Chester (the Devon Block is there), plus 6 IPs for the loyal Shires that are unoccupied (Stafford, Wiltshire, Buckingham, Kent, Huntingdon, and Cambridge). (B) also has the Chancellor, for an additional 3 IPs, and has a Popular Support level of six (6), giving him another 4 IPs. Total IPs +17. (L) gains 2 IPs from Devon (Exeter Block), 2 IPs from Somerset (Somerset Block), and 3 IPs from West Riding (Northumberland Block, noting that West Riding is loyal to House Lancaster, so (L) gains SV+1 IPs for controlling it during the Influence Phase). Additionally, both Exeter and Somerset are in one of their Home Estate Shires, gaining (L) an additional 1

17 Crown of Roses Play Book 17 IP each. (L) also gains 5 IPs for the 5 Shires that are loyal and unoccupied. He also gains 1 for the Ally Coppini he stole from (Y). Finally, he holds the King, the Admiral, and the Warden for a total of 8 IPs more, and has a Popular Support level of 4 (for another 2 IPs). Total IPs +25. (W) gains 1 IP from Nottingham, 2 IPs from Gloucester, and 1 IP from Hereford, plus 6 IPs for unoccupied loyal Shires. He holds the Captain of Calais for +2 IPs, and his Popular Support level is at 6, for another 4 IP. Total IPs +16. (Y) gains 2 IPs from Essex and 4 IPs from London, plus 5 IPs for unoccupied loyal Shires (Leicester is Enemy held and doesn t count). He also gains 1 IP from Essex, who is in a Home Estate. He holds the Marshal and the Lieutenant for another 3 IPs, plus a Popular Support level of 7, that gives him 5 IPs more. Total +20. King Phase At the start of the King s Phase, each Player counts the number of Enemy Player Shires they control to gain Economic Victory Points. For this turn there is only one (1) (B) has control of Leicester, which is a (Y) Shire. Now, each Player removes all of his controlled Blocks from the map except for those in Exile Boxes (none in this example). Mercenary Blocks become Inactive and are placed aside for use in subsequent Turns. Note that Fauconberg and Ormonde remain on the RoP as they are not controlled by any Player at this point Note: the Figure below is wrong and should have the Fauconberg Block also on the RoP, like Ormonde. Then, supporters are gathered from the Roll of Parliament. The King, (L), starts with any Noble of his choice picking Arundel in the upper left of Parliament, and then proceeds through each Noble having IP Markers in their RoP Box. As the King continues, each of the 3 remaining Ally cards will see action (L) to place one (1) IP on Richmond and one (1) on Pembroke, (Y) to fight for Norfolk, and (B) to secure Southwick and Hastings. All except Norfolk are unopposed and the Influenced Nobles join the respective Houses. Norfolk: During this turn (W) placed five (5) IPs on his RoP box in two IP Markers. (Y) has an advantage of two (2) Tendency Bonus for Norfolk, and, not knowing how much Warwick spent, discards the Dacre Ally Card and places the two (2) IP Points from Dacre on him. When the totals are revealed, York has four (4) while Warwick has five (5). Warwick has the higher Influence this turn and as five (5) is above the threshold of three (3), receives Norfolk into his army. Now that all the Nobles have declared, the Votes for King are counted. (B) 10 from Nobles, 3 from Offices, 3 from Popular Support. 16 total. (L) 17 from Nobles and 8 from Offices, 2 from Popular Support. 27 total. (W) 10 from Nobles and 1 from Officers, plus 3 from Popular Support, for 14 total. (Y) 9 from Nobles and 3 from Offices, plus another 3 for Popular Support. 15 total. (L), with 27 votes, will still need to make a deal in order to keep the crown, unless each House only Votes for themselves (divide and conquer?). But if the other three Players get together, then one of them will be King next turn. We ll skip the details of the negotiations, but in this case (L) manages to keep the crown, with a promise to support (B) for Chancellor and Captain of Calais. * Arundel: (Y) placed a total of three (3) IPs here, and was the sole Player to Influence Arundel, so Arundel declares for York and his Block is placed with the other Blocks controlled by (Y). Victory Check Phase As this is an early turn, no one has won the game yet.

18 18 Crown of Roses Play Book Office Phase With the King determined, the Offices are all reas-signed. Each Player temporarily changes their Popular Support level. Lancaster (as King) will select one at random and place it up for bidding. First up is the Treasurer. Each Player selects a secret bid: (B) 0, (L) 1, (W) 2, (Y) 0. When the bids are revealed Warwick is appointed Treasurer. All the IPs spent (two (2) from Warwick and one (1) from Lancaster) go back to their respective Unclaimed Pools. (W) takes the Office Card, Office marker and Office Block as his own and adjusts his Popular Support level for the new Office. This continues for all the Offices, with (L) keeping his campaign promise to (B). However, (W) doesn t let the Captain go easily and bids 10 IPs for it, which is more than (L) and (B) bid when the Office came up. Warwick wins the Captain and both (L) and (B) lost the IPs they spent bidding on it. Wintering Phase With Offices re-allocated, Players now perform Wintering, starting with the non-officer Nobles. Because it is based on votes received in the King Phase, (L) goes first. (Y) is next, followed by (W), as they voted for themselves. (B) is last, as he voted for (L) and had zero (0) votes for himself for King. Each Player places one (1) Noble at a time, in the order recited above. (L) places Pembroke in Pembroke; (Y) Essex in Essex; (W) Montague in Somerset; (B) Oxford in Cambridge; back to (L) who places Richmond in Pembroke; (Y) Suffolk in Suffolk; (W) Norfolk in Lincoln; (B) Devon in Devon; (L) again, who places Exeter in Bedford; (Y) passes, as does (W); (B) places Hastings in Leicester and then everyone passes or is done placing their non-officer Nobles. Then the Officers are placed: Lord Warden of the North Marches (L-Northumberland) in Northumberland. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and the Pale (B-Ormonde) in Ireland. Lord Captain of Calais and the Pale (W-Salisbury) in North Riding. Lord High Admiral (Y-Arundel) in Flint. Lord Earl Marshal (Y-York) in Shropshire. Lord Treasurer of the Exchequer (W-Warwick) in Gloucester. Lord Chancellor of England (B-Buckingham) in Buckingham. His Majesty the King of England (L-Henry VI, hosted by Somerset) in London. Finally, after the Officers are placed, (L) places the Queen Margaret in London, hosted by Somerset.

19 Crown of Roses Play Book 19 PB 6.0 Historical Notes PB 6.1 Timeline 1450 Jack Cade s rebellion Richard of York s insurrection at Dartmouth King Henry VI has his first bout with mental illness. Queen Margaret gives birth to Prince Edward York s First Protectorate begins York s First Protectorate ends when Henry VI recovers his senses. First Battle of St. Albans: Somerset is killed, and York captures the King, starting York s Second Protectorate York s Second Protectorate ends Queen Margaret declares the Love Day The Battle of Blore Heath: Salisbury defeats Audley. The Battle of Ludford Bridge: Yorkist forces are routed. York flees to Ireland; Salisbury, Warwick, and March to Calais. Margaret convenes the Parliament of Devils at Coventry. York and his supporters are Attainted (lands and titles are revoked) The Battle of Northampton: Kent (Grey) switches sides, allowing the Yorkists into the Lancastrian defenses. Buckingham and Northumberland are among the fallen. York openly claims the throne, and is declared Lord Protector for Henry VI. The Act of Accord is signed, disinheriting Prince Edward and naming York as heir. The Battle of Wakefield: York and Salisbury are killed. Rutland is cut down while fleeing the field by Clifford, who cries As thy father did to mine, so shall I do to thee (or so legend says) The Battle of Mortimer s Cross: Welsh Lancastrians are defeated by Edward of March. The Second Battle of St. Albans: Margaret s army, with the addition of Scottish troops, under Henry Beaufort (2nd Duke Somerset) defeats Warwick. After the battle the army retires northwards to allay the fears of the London populace that Margaret s army will pillage the city. Edward of March is accepted as King by Parliament as a deterrent to Margaret s army of Scotsmen. The Battle of Towton: England s bloodiest day. The total number of combatants is in some estimates 50,000. The Lancastrians are plagued by bad weather (which helps the Yorkist immensely), but are still able to put up a good fight. After Yorkist reinforcements arrive under the Duke of Norfolk, however, the day is lost for the Lancastrians Queen Margaret and Frenchman Pierre de Breze attempt to land in Northumberland with an army of French troops, but their fleet is wrecked and the French troops are either drowned or scattered along the shoreline and killed as they make it to the beach. Margaret and Pierre escape to Berwick. Pierre returns home from there The last Lancastrian castle in the North surrenders. The Lancastrians will recover them later in the year The Battle of Hedgeley Moor. Edward IV secretly marries Elizabeth Woodville. The Battle of Hexham Henry VI is captured and imprisoned in the Tower Robin of Redesdale rebellion. Battle of Edgecote Moor Lincolnshire rebellion. Battle of Losecote Field, named for the act of the Lancastrians removing their surcoats of arms during the rout. The Angers Agreement between Warwick and Margaret of Anjou is signed in France. Warwick invades England at the head of a Lancastrian Army. Edward IV flees to the court of his sister the Duchess of Burgundy. Henry VI is re-crowned as King (called the Readaption ).

20 20 Crown of Roses Play Book 1471 Battle of Barnet. Edward IV returns to claim the throne. Warwick and his brother Montague are both killed in the battle. Battle of Tewkesbury. After fleeing the loss at Barnet, the Lancastrian Army (led by Margaret and the young Prince Edward) attempts to cross into Wales, but is caught at Tewkesbury. Prince Edward is either killed in the ensuing battle or executed shortly afterwards, sources differ on this point. Henry VI is executed in the Tower shortly after the battle Edward IV dies in his bed. This leaves his son Edward V to assume the throne at the age of five. Edward V is deposed by his uncle in short order, claiming the boy and his brother are illegitimate due to the Butler precontract (wherein Edward was betrothed to an heiress of the Butler (Ormonde) house, and thus negating the legality of Edward IV s marriage to Elizabeth Woodville) in the Titulus Regius. The Duke of Gloucester is crowned Richard III, and the boys (the famous Princes in the Tower ) vanish under mysterious circumstances after being made Richard s guests in the Tower of London. In 1674, two children s skeletons were discovered buried beneath a stairwell in the White Tower, but these have not been proven to be the missing Princes. Buckingham s rebellion. Henry Stafford (2nd Duke Buckingham and a potential claimant to the throne), attempts to raise a force to oppose Richard III. His attempt fails. He is caught and executed shortly afterwards The Battle of Bosworth. Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, returns from exile to claim his ancestral lands. He is the last Lancastrian claimant for the throne, and will move against Richard III. At Market Bosworth, the two sides meet. Richard III has a slightly larger force, but is also facing some disaffection in Henry Percy and the Stanleys (William and Thomas). During the fight, all three stay on the sidelines. When it appears that Tudor may carry the day, the Stanleys swoop in on his side and signal the end of Richard III s rule. Henry Tudor becomes King Henry VII The Battle of Stoke. Pretender Lambert Simnel is captured, and the Earls of Kildare and of Lincoln (the latter being the heir to Richard III) are killed. This battle is traditionally used to mark the end of the Wars of the Roses, though unrest against Henry VII continues for some time Perkin Warbeck, another pretender to the throne, causes minor problems for Henry VII. Henry VII captures him in 1497 and has a noose put around his neck in PB 6.2 Battles Battle Date Victor 1st St. Albans 22 May 1455 York Blore Heath 23 Sept 1459 York Rout at Ludford Bridge 12 Oct 1469 Lancaster Northampton 10 July 1460 York Wakefield 0 Dec 1460 Lancaster Mortimer s Cross 2 Feb 1461 York 2nd St. Albans 22 Feb 1461 Lancaster Ferrybridge (skirmish) 28 Mar 1461 Lancaster, but indecisive Towton 29 Mar 1461 York Hedgeley Moor 25 Apr 1464 York Hexham 15 May 1464 York Edgecote 26 July 1469 Lancaster osecoat Field 12 Mar 1470 York Barnet 14 Apr 1471 York Tewkesbury 4 May 1471 York Bosworth 22 Aug 1485 Lancaster (Tudor) Stoke Field 16 Jun 1487 Lancaster (Tudor)

21 Crown of Roses Play Book 21 PB 6.3 The Nobles (Shire maps show corresponding Home Estate locations.) Sir William Fitzalan, 11 th Earl of Arundel The son-in law of the Earl of Salisbury, William held several posts including the Constable of Dover and both the Warden and Lieutenant of the Cinque Ports. A Yorkist supporter, he fought at 2nd St. Albans and at Towton. Sir Thomas de Ros (Roos) Hexham. Fought for Lancaster at 1st St. Albans, Wakefield, 2nd St. Albans, Towton, Hedgeley Moor, and Sir John Touchet, 6 th Lord Audley He fought for Lancaster at Blore Heath. Turned by Warwick in 1460, he fought for Edward IV at Barnet and Tewkesbury. Sirs Thomas Courtenay, 5 th & 6 th Earls of Devon Fought for Lancaster at 1st St. Albans, Wakefield, and Towton. Sir William Beaumont, 2 nd Viscount Beaumont Fought for Lancaster at Wakefield, 2nd St. Albans, and Towton. Later went mad and was placed into the care of his friend the Earl of Oxford. Sir Henry Bourchier, 1 st Earl of Essex Fought for the Yorkists at 1st St. Albans, Northampton, 2nd St. Albans, Towton, and Barnet. Sir John Clifford, 9 th Baron Clifford Fought for Lancaster at Wakefield and 2nd St. Albans. Killed at Ferrybridge. Known as Butcher and Bloody for his murder of the Earl of Rutland. Sir William Hastings Fought for the Yorkists at Mortimer s Cross, Towton, Barnet, and Tewkesbury. Initially supported Richard III, but was later executed by him.

22 22 Crown of Roses Play Book Sir William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke Fought for the Yorkists at Mortimer s Cross, Towton, Edgecote Moor. Later became Earl of Huntingdon. Sirs Henry Percy, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Earls of Northumberland Fought for Lancaster at 1st St. Albans, Northampton, Wakefield, 2nd St. Albans and Towton. Present at Bosworth, but did not fight. Fought for Lancaster at Stoke Field. Sir Edmund Grey of Ruthin, Earl of Kent A Lancastrian in the early years of the wars, he commanded the van at Northampton, where he switched allegiance and allowed Warwick s men into the Lancastrian camp. Under Edward IV, he would become Lord Treasurer of the Exchequer and would receive the Earldom of Kent. He fought at Barnet and Tewkesbury, and survived the wars. Sir Francis Lovel, 13 th Viscount Lovel Personal friend of Richard III. Fought for the Yorkists at Bosworth and Stoke Field. Sirs John Mowbray and Sir John Howard, Dukes of Norfolk Fought for the Yorkists at 2nd St. Albans, Towton, Barnet, Tewkesbury, and Bosworth. Hereditary Earl Marshal. Sir James Butler, 1 st Earl of Wiltshire and 5 th Earl of Oxmonde A favorite of Henry VI and an enemy of the Duke of York, he was the Lord Treasurer of the Exchequer and also the Lieutenant of Ireland before the wars began. A Lancastrian, he fought at 1st St. Albans, Mortimer s Cross, and Towton. Escaping the battle, he was later captured by the Yorkists and executed. Sir John de Vere, 13 th Earl of Oxford A Lancastrian, John became Lord Constable of England during the readaption period, where he exacted justice from the 1st Earl of Worcester for his father s execu-tion by that noble. He fought at Barnet, and in the company of Viscount Beaumont, seized St. Michael s Mount, holding it for two months against a siege. Imprisoned after his surrender, he escaped in 1484, fighting for Henry Tudor at Bosworth and Stoke Field.

23 Crown of Roses Play Book 23 Sirs Richard, Anthony, and Edward Woodville, Earl Rivers Fought for Lancaster at 2nd St. Albans, Towton, and Bosworth. Fought for the Yorkists at Barnet. Executed on orders from Richard III. Sirs John de la Pole, Dukes of Suffolk Fought for the Yorkists at 2nd St. Albans and Towton. John the younger was also Earl of Lincoln and fought at Bosworth and com-manded at Stoke Field. Sir John Scrope, 5 th Lord Scrope of Bolton A Wa r w i c k s u p - porter, John fought for the Yorkists at Northampton and Towton, and Hexham. He took part in pro-warwick rebellions in 1469 and 1470, and fought for Warwick at Barnet. Pardoned by Edward IV, he supported Richard III against Buckingham s rebellion in 1483, and fought for Richard III at Bosworth. In 1487, he attacked the city of York in support of a Yorkist uprising, but the attack failed, and he was imprisoned. Sirs John Talbot, 2 nd & 3 rd Earls of Shrewsbury Fought for Lancaster at Northampton and 2nd St. Albans. Sir Ralph Neville, 2 nd Earl of Westmorland The Raby line of Nevilles were active Lancastrians, fighting at Blore Heath, Wakefield, 2nd St. Albans, and Towton. Sir John Tiptoft, 1 st Earl of Worcester Held numerous offices, including Constable of England under Edward IV, where he made many enemies. Sir Thomas Stanley, Lord of Man Present at Blore Heath, but did not e n g a g e. F o u g h t for Lancaster at Northampton, but switched sides afterwards. Present at Bosworth but did not engage, though his cousin William did.

24 24 Crown of Roses Play Book King Henry VI, Son of Henry V A weak and ineffective ruler. Present at 1st St. Albans, Northampton, 2nd St. Albans, Towton, and Hexham. Murdered in the tower after Tewkesbury. Sir Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke Half brother of Henry VI. Fought at 1st St. Albans, Mortimer s Cross, Tewkesbury, Bosworth, and Stoke Field. Later became Duke of Bedford. Queen Margaret of Anjou Strong-willed and determined, she was a major figure on the Lancastrian side. She was an expert at getting foreign support, and led the faction after Henry VI lost his sanity. After Tewkesbury, she remained in exile at her ancestral home in France. Prince Edward of Lancaster Son of Henry VI and Queen Margaret. Present at 2nd St. Albans, Towton, and Tewkesbury, where he was nominally in command. Sir Henry Tudor, 2 nd Earl of Richmond Senior Lancastrian heir after the death of Henry VI and Prince Edward, he secured the crown only after Bosworth and Stoke Field. Sirs Edmund and Henry Beaufort, Dukes of Somerset An illegitimate Lancastrian line and bitter rivals to the houses of York and Warwick. Fought at 1st St. Albans, Wakefield, 2nd St. Albans, Towton, Hedgeley Moor, Hexham, and Tewkesbury. Sir Henry Holland, 3 rd Duke of Exeter Sir Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter A staunch Lancastrian, he fought at Blore Heath, Northampton, Wakefield, 2nd St. Albans, Towton, and Barnet; where he was badly wounded. After submitting to Edward IV, he died at sea (drowned). Sir Humphrey Stafford, 1 st Duke of Buckingham Led the Lancastrian army at Northampton, where he was killed.

25 Crown of Roses Play Book 25 Sir Henry Stafford, 2 nd Duke of Buckingham Initially supported Richard III, but later turned against him and was arrested and executed. Sir John Stafford, Earl of Wiltshire Second son of Humphrey, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Fought for York at Towton, Barnet, and Tewkesbury. Sir Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick One of the richest and most influential nobles in England, he was known as The Kingmaker for his role in placing Edward IV on the throne. He fought for York at 1st St. Albans, Northampton, 2nd St. Albans, Ferrybridge, and Towton. Later he turned away from Edward IV and allied himself with Margaret, and fought for Lancaster at Barnet, where he was killed. Sir John Neville, Lord Montague Fought for Yorkists at Blore Heath, Wakefield, 2nd St. Albans, Hedgeley Moor, and Hexham. Switched sides to support Lancaster and fought at Barnet. Sir Humphrey Stafford, Baron Southwick Brother of Humphrey, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Fought for York at 2nd St. Albans and at Towton. Later became Earl of Devon. Sir William Neville, Lord Fauconberg Fought for Yorkists at 1st St. Albans, Northampton, 2nd St. Albans, Ferrybridge, and Towton. A gifted and experienced commander. Sir Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury Fought for Yorkists at 1st St. Albans, Blore Heath, Northampton, and Wakefield. His mother was a Beaufort, thus giving him some Lancastrian blood. Sir Richard Plantagenet, 3 rd Duke of York Forced the issue of succession with the Act of Accord. Fought at 1st St. Albans and Wakefield, where he was killed. Descended by blood from the second son of Edward III, which actually gave him a better claim on the crown than Henry VI.

26 26 Crown of Roses Play Book Sir Edward Plantagenet, 4 th Duke of York Fought at 1st St. Albans and Northampton. Commanded at Mortimer s Cross, Towton, Barnet, and Tewkesbury. Became King Edward IV. Married Elizabeth Woodville (Rivers) in secret, causing tension with the Earl of Warwick. PB 6.4 The Offices King ~ OFFICE The head of the government and seat of ultimate power, the position of King is a prize coveted by many. Sir Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland Fought and died at Wakefield, killed by Lord Clifford while fleeing the battle. Chancellor ~ OFFICE The Lord Chancellor is the officer responsible for keeping the Great Seal of England, and is the King s right hand man, especially in Parliament. Sir George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Joined Warwick in rebellion against his brother Edward IV, but recanted before Barnet. He fought at Barnet and Tewkesbury. Arrested and indicted for treason, legend says he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey for his execution. Treasurer ~ OFFICE is spent. The man in charge of the money, the Treasurer collects all the tax revenue and has some say in how it Sir Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester Fought at Barnet and Tewkesbury. Deposed his nephew to become Richard III. Killed at Bosworth. Marshal ~ OFFICE place. Responsible for the safety of the monarch, the Marshal is the one that goes to war in the King s

27 Crown of Roses Play Book 27 Admiral ~ OFFICE With England being an island nation, Lord Admiral is an important posting. He handles all shipbuilding and naval activity. PB 6.5 Mercenaries Burgundian ~ MERCENARY FORCE After the Re-adaption of Henry VI, Edward IV fled to the continent, but returned quickly with 1500 retainers and Burgundian mercenaries, landing in Yorkshire in March Captain ~ OFFICE The Captain is responsible for all that happens in the Town of Calais, and the Pale surrounding it. Scots ~ MERCENARY FORCE In 1461, Margaret brought an army bolstered by a force of Scottish troops into England, defeating Warwick at the 2nd battle of St. Albans. Lieutenant ~ OFFICE Acting as Viceroy (king), the Lieutenant is ultimately responsible for everything that happens in Ireland. Welsh ~ MERCENARY FORCE In 1485, a force of some 4000 Welshmen, led by Rhys ap Thomas, joined with Henry Tudor s forces at Market Bosworth, where they confronted the army of Richard III. Warden ~ OFFICE R e s p o n s i b l e f o r maintaining law and order in the lands bordering Scotland, we have created this pseudo-office out of the three historical Wardens (East, West, and Middle March). French ~ MERCENARY FORCE In 1462, Margaret prevailed on an old family friend, Pierre de Breze, for help in reclaiming her kingdom. Pierre provided French troops to aid Margaret s attempt, but fierce storms sank the transports and the troops that did not drown were killed as soon as they came ashore.