Species Styracura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) - Pacific chupare

Transcription

1 FAMILY Potamotrygonidae Garman, river stingrays SUBFAMILY Styracurinae Carvalho et al., chupares, whiptail stingrays Notes: Styracurinae Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva, 2016 GENUS Styracura Carvalho et al., chupares [=Styracura Carvalho [M. R. de], Loboda [T. S.] & da Silva [J. P. C. B.], 2016:203] Notes: [ref ]. Fem. Trygon schmardae Werner, Type by original designation. Valid as Styracura Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva, (Carvalho 2016:620 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Styracura Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva, Potamotrygonidae: Styracurinae. Species Styracura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) - Pacific chupare [=Dasyatis pacificus Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.], 1941:262, Pl. 2 (figs. 1-3); Fig. 24] Notes: [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 26 (pt 3, no. 26); ref ] Port Parker, (Pacific) Costa Rica. Current status: Valid as Styracura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941). Potamotrygonidae: Styracurinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Panama and Galapagos Islands. Habitat: marine. Species Styracura schmardae (Werner, 1904) - chupare stingray [=Trygon schmardae Werner [F.], 1904:298, Dasybatus torrei Garman [S.], 1913:386] Notes: [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 21 (no. 3); ref ] Jamaica. Current status: Valid as Styracura schmardae (Werner, 1904). Potamotrygonidae: Styracurinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic to northern Brazilian coast. Habitat: marine. (torrei) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Tunas de Zaza, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Styracura schmardae (Werner, 1904). Potamotrygonidae: Styracurinae. Habitat: marine.

2 ******************************************************************************************************************************* SUBFAMILY Potamotrygoninae Garman river stingrays [=Potamotrygones Garman, 1877, Ellipesurinae [Elipesurinae] Gill, 1877, Paratrygoninae Gill, 1893] Notes: Potamotrygones Garman, 1877:208 [ref. 1528] (group?) Potamotrygon [stem Potamotrygon- confirmed by Eigenmann 1912:116 [ref. 1227]] Ellipesurinae [Elipesurinae] Gill, 1877b:958 [ref ] (subfamily) Elipesurus [stem corrected to Elipesur- by Jordan 1923a:104 [ref. 2421], confirmed by Myers & Storey 1956:15 [ref ]] Paratrygoninae Gill, 1893b:130 [ref ] (subfamily) Paratrygon [genus inferred from the stem, Article ] GENUS Paratrygon Duméril, river stingrays [=Paratrygon Duméril [A. H. A.], 1865:594, Anacanthes Ehrenberg [C. G.], in van der Hoeven, 1832:179, Disceus Garman [S.], 1877:208] Notes: [ref. 1150]. Fem. Trygon aiereba Müller & Henle, Type by monotypy. Valid as Paratrygon Duméril, (Rosa et al. 1987:447 [ref. 5974], Rosa 1991:426 [ref ], Compagno 1999:495 [ref ], Carvalho et al. in Reis et al. 2003:23 [ref ], Carvalho & Lovejoy 2011:18 [ref ], Carvalho et al. 2011:1 [ref ], Carvalho & Ragno 2011:135 [ref ], Frederico et al. 2012:71 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Paratrygon Duméril, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. (Anacanthes) [ref. 5061]. Masc. Raja orbicularis Bloch & Schneider, Type by monotypy. Type species inferred from 'Les Anacanthes' of Ehrenberg in Cuvier 1829:400 [ref. 995] which appeared with vernacular name only. Not; preoccupied by Anacanthus Gray Unneeded replacement by Rhachinotus Cantor Synonym of Paratrygon Duméril, Current status: Synonym of Paratrygon Duméril, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. (Disceus) [ref. 1528]. Masc. Trygon strogylopterus Schomburgk, Type by monotypy. Based on a misidentified type species according to Castex 1964:33 [ref ] and Fowler 1970:571 [ref. 7313], Garman's specimens are Disceus thayeri Garman, Synonym of Elipesurus Schomburgk, (Fowler 1970:571 [ref. 7313]). Valid as Disceus Garman, (Castex 1964:18 [ref ]). Synonym of Paratrygon Duméril, (Rosa 1991:426 [ref ], Carvalho et al. in Reis et al. 2003:25 [ref ], Carvalho & Lovejoy 2011:18 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Paratrygon Duméril, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae.

3 Species Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841) - Ceja ray, Manzana ray [=Trygon aiereba Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.], (ex Marcgravus), 1841:160, Raja ajereba Walbaum [J. J.], (ex Marcgravus), 1792:535, Raja orbicularis Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Marcgravus) 1801:361, Raia sloani Stephan [C. F.], 1779:20, Trygon strogylopterus Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1843:183, Pl. 22, Disceus thayeri Garman [S.], 1913:426, Pls. 34, 54 (2), 57 (2), 70 (3-4)] Notes: [Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen; ref. 3069] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Amazon River and Oronico River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela [if treated with this authorship]. (ajereba) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Amazon River and Oronico River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela [if treated with this spelling and authorship]. (orbicularis) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] South America. Current status: Synonym of Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. (sloani) [De rajis, schediasma primum; ref ] Current status: Synonym of Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Habitat: marine. (strogylopterus) [The natural history of fishes of Guiana.--Part II; ref. 3948] Rio Branco, South America. Current status: Synonym of Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. (thayeri) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Obidos, Manaos [Manaus], and Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. GENUS Plesiotrygon Rosa et al., river stingrays [=Plesiotrygon Rosa [R. S.], Castello [H. P.] & Thorson [T. B.], 1987:449] Notes: [ref. 5974]. Fem. Plesiotrygon iwamae Rosa, Castello & Thorson, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Valid as Plesiotrygon Rosa, Castello & Thorson, (Compagno 1999:495 [ref ], Carvalho et. al. in Reis et al. 2003:23

4 [ref ], Carvalho & Lovejoy 2011:18 [ref ], Carvalho et al. 2011:1 [ref ], Carvalho & Ragno 2011:103 [ref ] with comments on p. 135, Lasso et al. 2011:174 [ref ], Frederico et al. 2012:72 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Plesiotrygon Rosa, Castello & Thorson, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Species Plesiotrygon iwamae Rosa et al., long-tailed river stingray, antenna ray [=Plesiotrygon iwamae Rosa [R. S.], Castello [H. P.] & Thorson [T. B.], 1987:450, Figs. 1-10] Notes: [Copeia 1987 (no. 2); ref. 5974] Rio Solimões, above Tefé, 3 22'S, 64 43'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Plesiotrygon iwamae Rosa, Castello & Thorson, PPotamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Upper and lower Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador. Species Plesiotrygon nana Carvalho & Ragno, blacktailed antenna ray [=Plesiotrygon nana Carvalho [M. R. de] & Ragno [M. P.], 2011:105, Figs. 1-15] Notes: [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo v. 51 (no. 7); ref ] Río Pachitea, tributary of Río Ucayali, up-river from town of Puerto Inca, Puerto Inca Province, Huánuco Department, Peru. Current status: Valid as Plesiotrygon nana Carvalho & Ragno, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Río Amazonas basin of Peru and lower couse of Rio Solimóes, Brazil. GENUS Potamotrygon Garman, river stingrays [=Potamotrygon Garman [S.], 1877:210] Notes: [ref. 1528]. Fem. Pastinaca humboldtii Roulin, in Lesson, Type by subsequent designation. Type given as hystrix as designated by Jordan 1919:389 [ref. 4904] by Séret & McEachran 1986:6 [ref. 9312]; Garman treated histrix as a synonym of humboldtii. Eigenmann 1910 says type is humboldtii Roulin. Valid as Potamotrygon Garman, (Castex 1964:18 [ref ], Rosa et al. 1987:447 [ref. 5974], Nishida 1990:98 [ref ], Britski et al. 1999:21 [ref ], Compagno 1999:495 [ref ], Carvalho et. al. in Reis et al. 2003:23 [ref ] with type as histrix, Deynat 2006:484 [ref ], Rosa et al. 2008:1 [ref ], Oddone et al. 2008:69 [ref ],

5 Carvalho & Lovejoy 2011:45 [ref ], Carvalho et al. 2011:1 [ref ], Carvalho & Ragno 2011:135 [ref ], Silva & Carvalho 2011:140 [ref ], Ng et al. 2011:2385 [ref ], Oddone et al. 2012:299 [ref ], Frederico et al. 2012:72 [ref ], Kottelat 2013:28 [ref ], Loboda & Carvalho 2013:693 [ref ], Fontenelle et al. 2014:249 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon Garman, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Species Potamotrygon albimaculata Carvalho, Tapajos stingray (author) [=Potamotrygon albimaculata Carvalho [M. R. de], 2016:6, Figs. 1-20] Notes: [Zootaxa 4167 (no. 1); ref ] Left bank of rio Teles Pires near Pousada Santa Rosa, rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, 08 46'45"S, 57 27'55"W. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon albimaculata Carvalho, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Species Potamotrygon amandae Loboda & Carvalho, Amanda stingray (author) [=Potamotrygon amandae Loboda [T. S.] & Carvalho [M. R. de], 2013:723, Figs ] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 4); ref ] Paraguai River, subdistrict of Albuguerque, district of Corumbá, State of Mato Grosso de Sul, 19 41'S, 57 38'W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon amandae Loboda & Carvalho, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Paraná-Paraguay basin and Tietê River, Brazil and Argentina. Species Potamotrygon boesemani Rosa et al., Surinam river stingray (author) [=Potamotrygon boesemani Rosa [R. S.], Carvalho [M. R. de] & Almeida Wanderley [C. de], 2008:2, Figs. 1-6, 8] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 1); ref ] Matapi Creek, ca. 1 kilometer from Corantii River, Nickerie District, Surinam, 5 00'N, 57 16'W. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon boesemani Rosa, Carvalho & Almeida Wanderley, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Corantijn River drainage, Surinam.

6 Species Potamotrygon brachyura (Günther, 1880) - shorttailed river stingray [=Trygon brachyurus Günther [A.], 1880:8, Potamotrygon brumi Devincenzi [G. J.], in Devincenzi & Teague, 1942:99, Pl. 6] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 6 (no. 31); ref ] Buenos Aires, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon brachyura (Günther, 1880). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Paraná-Paraguay and Uruguay River basins: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. (brumi) [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo (Serie 2) v. 5 (no. 4); ref ] Isla Queguay Grande, River Uruguay, Uruguay. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon brachyura (Günther, 1880). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Species Potamotrygon constellata (Vaillant, 1880) - thorny river stingray [=Taeniura constellata Vaillant [L. L.], 1880:251, 252, Potamotrygon circularis Garman [S.], 1913:419, Pls. 31 (1-2), 54 (1), 70 (1-2)] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref ] Calderon, Upper Amazon, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon constellata (Vaillant, 1880). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Amazon and Solimões River basins: Brazil and Colombia. (circularis) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Río Solimões, Tefé and Lago Coari [on Río Solimões], Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon constellata (Vaillant, 1880). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: South America. Species Potamotrygon falkneri Castex & Maciel, largespot river stingray [=Potamotrygon falkneri Castex [M. N.] & Maciel [I.] 1963:56, Potamotrygon castexi Castello [H. P.] & Yagolkowski [D. R.], 1969:2, Pl.; Figs. 1-3, 7, Potamotrygon menchacai Martínez Achenbach [G.], 1967:1, Pls. 1-3 (pp. 6-8)] Notes: [Anales del Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales "Florentino Ameghino," Zoología v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 8015] Río Paraná medio, Entre

7 Ríos, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon falkneri Castex & Maciel, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Paraná-Paraguay River basin: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. (castexi) [Acta Scientifica, Universidad del Salvador No. 6; ref. 7804] Río Paraná, Rosario, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon falkneri Castex & Maciel, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River and Paraná-Paraguay River basins: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Peru [if valid]. (menchacai) [Comunicações del Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales "Florentino Ameghino," Zoología No. 1; ref ] Río Colastiné, Paraná Média, Santa Fe Province, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon falkneri Castex & Maciel, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Species Potamotrygon henlei (Castelnau, 1855) - Tocantins River ray [=Trygon (Taenura) henlei Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:102, Pl. 48 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Tocantins, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon henlei (Castelnau, 1855). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Species Potamotrygon histrix (Muller & Henle, in Valenciennes, 1839) - porcupine river stingray [=Trygon histrix Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.], in Valenciennes, 1839:Pl. 15, Trygon hystrix Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.], 1841:167] Notes: [Voyage dans l'amérique méridionale; ref ] Buenos Aires, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon histrix (Müller & Henle, 1839). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Paraná-Paraguay basin, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. (hystrix) [Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen; ref. 3069] Buenos Aires, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon histrix (Müller & Henle, 1839). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae.

8 Species Potamotrygon humerosa Garman, Parietuba river ray (author) [=Potamotrygon humerosus Garman [S.], 1913:419] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Rio Parietuba at Monte Alegre, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon humerosa Garman, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Species Potamotrygon jabuti Carvalho, Jabuti stingray (author) [=Potamotrygon jabuti Carvalho [M. R. de], 2016:28, Figs ] Notes: [Zootaxa 4167 (no. 1); ref ] Rio Jamanxim near Novo Progresso, rio Tapajós basin, Pará state, Brazil, 07 09'30"S, 55 25'55"W. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon jabuti Carvalho, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Species Potamotrygon leopoldi Castex & Castello, Xingu River ray [=Potamotrygon leopoldi Castex [M. N.] & Castello [H. P.], 1970:2, Fig. 5; Pls.] Notes: [Acta Scientifica, Universidad del Salvador No. 10; ref. 7722] Little creek on the right shore of Upper Rio Xingú, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon leopoldi Castex & Castello, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Xingu River basin, Brazil. Species Potamotrygon limai Fontenelle et al., Lima stingray (author) [=Potamotrygon limai Fontenelle [J. P.], da Silva [J. P. C. B.] & Carvalho [M. R. de], 2014:150, Figs. 1-17] Notes: [Zootaxa 3765 (no. 3); ref ] Madeira River basin, Jamari River, Represa Samuel, municipal district of Itapoã do Oeste, upper Amazon Basin, state of Rondônia, Brazil, ' S, "S. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon limai Fontenelle, da Silva & Carvalho, Potamotrygonidae.

9 Distribution: Madeira River system, Brazil. Species Potamotrygon magdalenae (Dumeril, 1865) - Magdalena river stingray [=Taeniura magdalenae Duméril [A. H. A.] (ex Valenciennes), 1865:625] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 1; ref. 1150] Río Magdalena, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon magdalenae (Duméril, 1865). Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Magdalena and Atrato River basins, Colombia. Species Potamotrygon marinae Deynat, Moroni river ray (author) [=Potamotrygon marinae Deynat [P. P.], 2006:485, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Comptes Rendus Biologies v. 329 (2006); ref ] Maroni River, 3 28'58"N, 53 42'W, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon marinae Deynat, Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: French Guiana. Species Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) - South American freshwater stingray [=Taeniura motoro Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.], (ex Natterer), 1841:197, Trygon adans Schomburgk [R. H.], in Müller & Trochel, 1849, Potamotrygon alba Castex [M. N.] 1963:55, Trygon garrapa Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1843:182, Pl. 21, Potamotrygon labradori Castex [M. N.], in Castex, Maciel & Martínez Achenbach, 1963:117, Fig.. 1, Potamotrygon laticeps Garman [S.], 1913:417, Pls. 31 (figs. 3-4), 55 (fig. 6), Trygon (Taenura) mulleri Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:102, Pl. 48 (fig. 2), Potamotrygon pauckei Castex [M. N.], 1963:291, Figs.] Notes: [Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen; ref. 3069] Cuiabá River, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America; established in one reservoir in Singapore.

10 (adans) [Reisen in Britisch-Guiana; ref. 3072] Not treated by Carvalho et al. in Reis et al [ref ]. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae. (alba) [Anales del Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales "Florentino Ameghino," Zoología v. 2 (no. 1); ref ] Ascunción, Paraguay River, Paraguay. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae. (garrapa) [The natural history of fishes of Guiana.--Part II; ref. 3948] Rio Branco, South America. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. (labradori) [Neotropica (La Plata) v. 9 (no. 30); ref ] Rio Colastiné (middle Rio Paraná), Santa Fe, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae. (laticeps) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Obidos, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: South America [if valid]. (mulleri) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Crixas and Rio Araguay, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae. (pauckei) [Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Córdoba) v. 43 (no. 2-4); ref. 1482] Río Paraná, near city of Santa Fe, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841). Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: South America. Species Potamotrygon ocellata (Engelhardt, 1912) - red-blotched river stingray [=Trygon hystrix var. ocellata Engelhardt [R.], 1912:647] Notes: [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 39 (nos 21/22); ref ] Southern shore of Mexiana, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon ocellata (Engelhardt, 1912). Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Amapá and Pará, Brazil. Species Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) - smooth back river stingray

11 [=Trygon (Taenura) orbignyi Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:102, Pl. 49 (fig. 1), Trygon (Taenura) dumerilii Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:101, Pl. 48 (fig. 1), Trygon reticulatus Günther [A.], 1880:8] Notes: [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Tocantins, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America. (dumerilii) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Araguaya, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855). Potamotrygonidae. (reticulatus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 6 (no. 31); ref ] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855). Potamotrygonidae. Species Potamotrygon pantanensis Loboda & Carvalho, Pantanal stingray (author) [=Potamotrygon pantanensis Loboda [T. S.] & Carvalho [M. R. de], 2013:714, Figs ] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 4); ref ] Sinhá Marinana, tributary of Cuiabá River, district of Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon pantanensis Loboda & Carvalho, Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Northern Pantanal region, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Species Potamotrygon rex Carvalho, rex stingray (author) [=Potamotrygon rex Carvalho [M. R. de], 2016:538, Figs. 1-13, 15, 16A, B] Notes: [Zootaxa 4150 (no. 5); ref ] Rio Tocantins near the mouth of the right bank tributary of rio Manoel Alves, Tocantins state, Brazil, 11 18'55"S, 48 27'28"W. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon rex Carvalho, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Middle and upper rio Tocantins, Brazil. Species Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, rosette river stingray

12 [=Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1958:8, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Boletin del Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Caracas, Venezuela. 2-3; ref. 896] Río Apure, at mouth of Río Apurito, Estado Apure, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Orinoco and Amazon basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Species Potamotrygon schuhmacheri Castex, Parana river stingray [=Potamotrygon schuhmacheri Castex [M. N.], 1964:92, 94, Fig.] Notes: [Neotropica (La Plata) v. 10 (no. 32); ref ] Río Colastiné Sur, Santa Fe, Argentina. MFA 269. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon schuhmacheri Castex, Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Paraná-Paraguay River basin, South America. Species Potamotrygon scobina Garman, raspy river stingray [=Potamotrygon scobina Garman [S.], 1913:418] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Rio Tocantins at Cametá, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon scobina Garman, Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Brazil. Species Potamotrygon signata Garman, Parnaiba river stingray [=Potamotrygon signatus Garman [S.], 1913:420 Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Rio Puty, tributary of Rio Paranahyba; Parnahyba at San Gonçallo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon signata Garman, Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Paraná River basin, Brazil.

13 Species Potamotrygon tatianae Silva & Carvalho, Rio Madeira river stingray (author) [=Potamotrygon tatianae Silva [J. P. C. B. da] & Carvalho [M. R. de], 2011:140, Figs. 1-12] Notes: [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo v. 51 (no. 8); ref ] Río Madre de Díos, municipal district of Boca Manu, upper Amazon basin, state of Madre de Dios, Peru, 12 40'S, 71 04'06"W. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon tatianae Silva & Carvalho, Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Río Madre de Díos, upper Río Madeira basin, upper Amazon basin, Peru. Species Potamotrygon tigrina Carvalho et al., tiger ray [=Potamotrygon tigrina Carvalho [M. R. de], Sabaj Pérez [M. H.] & Lovejoy [N. R.], 2011:3, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 2827; ref ] Río Nanay, Large beach (left bank)at village of Pampa Chica, 4.54 km west of Iquitos, Departamento Loreto, Peru, 3 45'09"S, 73 17'00"W. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon tigrina Carvalho, Sabaj Pérez & Lovejoy, Potamotrygonidae. Distribution: Río Nanay, upper Amazon basin, Peru. Species Potamotrygon wallacei Carvalho et al., Wallace's stingray (author) [=Potamotrygon wallacei Carvalho [M. R. de], Rosa [R. S.] & Araújo [M. L. G. de], 2016:567, Figs. 1-11, 13, 14] Notes: [Zootaxa 4107 (no. 4); ref ] Rio Negro, municipality of Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil, 0 57'30.24"S, 62 56'14.697"W. Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon wallacei Carvalho, Rosa & Araújo, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Species Potamotrygon yepezi Castex & Castello, Maracaibo river stingray [=Potamotrygon yepezi Castex [M. N.] & Castello [H. P.], 1970:16, Pl.] Notes: [Acta Scientifica, Universidad del Salvador No. 8; ref. 7723] Río Palmar at bridge, 70 kilometers southwest of Maracaibo, southeastern Maracaibo Lake region, Venezuela.

14 Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon yepezi Castex & Castello, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater GENUS Heliotrygon Carvalho & Lovejoy, round rays [=Heliotrygon Carvalho [M. R. de] & Lovejoy [N. R.], 2011:17] Notes: [ref ]. Fem. Heliotrygon gomersi Carvalho & Lovejoy, Type by original designation. Valid as Heliotrygon Carvalho & Lovejoy, (Carvalho et al. 2011:1 [ref ], Carvalho & Ragno 2011:135 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Heliotrygon Carvalho & Lovejoy, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Species Heliotrygon gomesi Carvalho & Lovejoy, Gomes's round ray [=Heliotrygon gomesi Carvalho [M. R. de] & Lovejoy [N. R.] 2011:19, Figs. 1-9, 19-23] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 2776; ref ] Rio Jamari, 4 18'156"S, 70 04'19"W, Benjamin Constant, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Heliotrygon gomesi Carvalho & Lovejoy, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River and probably lower resaches of most major tributaries: Brazil and Peru. Species Heliotrygon rosai Carvalho & Lovejoy, Rosa's round ray [=Heliotrygon rosai Carvalho [M. R. de] & Lovejoy [N. R.], 2011:29, Figs , 18, 24-25] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 2776; ref ] Baía de Marajó, 0 55'34"S, 48 17'25"W, Colaras, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Heliotrygon rosai Carvalho & Lovejoy, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: Upper and lower Amazon River basin, and probably lower reaches of major tributaries: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater *********************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa: (genera)

15 Elipesurus Schomburgk [R. H.], 1843:184 [ref. 3948]. Masc. Elipesurus spinicauda Jardine & Schomburgk, Type by monotypy. Original is Elipesurus; Ellipesurus is a misspelling or unjustified emendation. Valid as Elipesurus Schomburgk, (Castex 1964:18 [ref ], Bailey 1969:133 [ref ], Fowler 1970:571 [ref. 7313]; see Rosa et al. 1987:447 [ref. 5974]). Genus inquirendum, with author as Jardine -- (Carvalho et al. in Reis et al. 2003:26 [ref ], Carvalho & Lovejoy 2011:18 [ref ] with author as Schomburgk). Current status: Valid as Elipesurus Schomburgk, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. (species) Pastinaca humboldtii Roulin [F. D.], 1829:465 [Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie (Férussac), Paris v. 16 (no. 3) (art. 365); ref ] Rio Meta, Ecuador. Syntypes (2). Treats as Roulin in Lesson 1829 by Kottelat Previously appeared as 'Pastenague de Humboldt' in Annales des Sciences Naturelles, v. 16:625. Also appeared as a German translation in Isis (Oken), 1834:1042 as Pastenaca Humboldtii. Synonym of Potamotrygon hystrix (Müller & Henle, 1841) -- (Castex 1964:19 [ref ] with reference to Garman 1878 [1877]). Senior synonym of Potamotrygon hystrix (Müller & Henle, 1841) in Garman Status uncertain -- (Carvalho et al. in Reis et al. 2003:26 [ref ] but with a Roulin in Duméril 1865 and Duméril 1865 records, and spelled histrix, Koerber et al. 2017:10 [ref ]). Nomen dubium -- (Silva & Carvalho 2015:35 [ref ], Mirande & Koerber 2015:8 [ref ], Weigmann 2016:155 [ref ] see remarks). Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Elipesurus spinicauda Jardine [W.] & Schomburgk [R. H.], in Schomburgk, 1843:184, Pl. 23 [The natural history of fishes of Guiana.--Part II; ref. 3948] Fort San Joaquim, Branco River, Guiana. No types known. Type catalog: Paepke & Schmidt 1988: [ref ]. Valid as Elipesurus spinicauda Jardine & Schomburgk, (Castex 1964:33 [ref ] with author as Schomburgk). Status uncertain -- (Carvalho et al. in Reis et al. 2003:26 [ref ] with author as Jardine). Current status: Uncertain as Elipesurus spinicauda Jardine & Schomburgk, Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Habitat: freshwater.