Appendix VI: Overview of cetacean by-catches, fishing gears and area 179 APPENDIX VI

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1 Appendix VI: Overview of cetacean by-catches, fishing gears and area 79 APPENDIX VI Overview of cetacean by-catches, fishing gears and area (reproduced from CETASEL report, De Haan et al. 997) Species Number of Area Fishing Method Period Reference Comment by-catches Killer whale Mediterranean, Sicily Tuna trap 989 Di Natale, 989 in Northridge, 99 8 NE Pacific Trawl Teshima & Ohsumi, 983; Perez & Loughlin, 99; NMFS, 995; Matkin & Saulitis, 994; in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Small numbers Alaska Trawl 990 Barlow et al., 990, in Northridge 99 SW Pacific Trawl 979 Anonymous 98, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Pilot whale 297 East US Squid and mackerel trawls Waring et al., % of total by-catch 405 NE Atlantic Trawl Fertl & Leatherwood, NE Atlantic Demersal trawl 988 Northridge, NE Atlantic Trawl Duguy, 977; Duguy & Hussenot, 982; Northridge 988; Reijnders & Lankester, 990; Lowry, pers. com., 994; Couperus, 994; Nores et al., 992 in Fertl & Leatherwood, French Atlantic coast Bottom or midwater Duguy & Hussenot, 982 trawls 2 French Atlantic coast Other fisheries Duguy & Hussenot, Faeroes Northridge, Unknown W Central Atlantic NMFS, 995 in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 SW Atlantic By Goodall et al., 988, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 SW Pacific trawl Mattlin pers. comm., 995, in Fertl & Leatherwood 995 White-beaked A few North Sea trawl Each year Leatherwood & Reeves, 983, in Northridge, 984 North Sea trawl 958 Van Bree & Nijssen, 964, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 unknown NE England/North Midwater herring Every Summer Northridge, 988, in Northridge, 99 Sea trawls White-sided 25 NW Atlantic Mackerel and O Hara et al., 986; Young et al., 993; NMFS, 995, in Fertl & From the fleets of 8 nations fishing in the EEZ off the north-east United States coast animals in 988, and 07 individuals in 990 (according to Waring et al., 990; NMFS, 995; Young et al., 993, Northridge, 988). 3 Such an isolated account, as other ones related to other gears, are possibly indicative of sporadic accidental mortalities, but further information on the scale of these mortalities or their impact on populations is lacking (Northridge, 99). 4 There has been a certain amount of exploitation of pilot whales, notably in the Faeroe Islands, where over 000 are taken a year (Northridge, 984).

2 Appendix VI: Overview of cetacean by-catches, fishing gears and area 80 squid trawls Leatherwood, 995 NE England Trawl or seine net 985 IWC, 987, in Northridge, 99 No number NE Atlantic Couperus, 994, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Dusky 3 a SW Atlantic Surface trawl 989 each Scialabba, 989, in Northridge, 99 and in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 few year unknown Chubut trawl Each year Crespo & Corcuera, 990, in Northridge, 99 Chubut 989 Crespo et al., 994, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Small numbers SE Atlantic trawl Northridge, 984 SE Atlantic Best pers. comm., 992, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 occasional SW Pacific Slooten & Dawson, 988, in Fertl & Leatherwood, SW Pacific Anonymous 988, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Peale s No number SW Atlantic Crespo & Corcuera, 990; Goodall et al., 990, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Pacific White-sided 3 NE Pacific Barlow et al., 994, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 E Central Pacific Perez & Loughlin, 99; NMFS, 995, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Bottlenose 3 Mid Atlantic Mackerel and In eight years Northridge, 99 squid fisheries 30 of which 7 NW Atlantic Waring et al., 990; NMFS, 995, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 in year NE Atlantic 97 late 980 s Mitchell, 975; Duguy, 977; Duguy & Hussenot, 982; Anonymous, 988; Currey et al., 990; Northridge, 99, in Fertl & Leatherwood, W Central Atlantic Gunter, 942; Prescott et al., 980; Burn & Sott, 988; Reynolds, 985; Gruber, 98; Leatherwood & Reeves, 982; Pharr, pers. com., 99; Fertl, 994; Wang et al., 994, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Small numbers Gulf of Mexico Shrimp trawls, Gill nets and shot Northridge, 99 Bottlenose Cont.d. unknown E Central Atlantic Trawl, explosives Pre 957 Cadanet, 957, in Northridge, 984 unknown Mauritanian coast Pelagic trawl Northridge, 99; Scialabba, 989, in Fertl & Leatherwood, Mediterranean Duguy & Hussenot, 982; Di Natale, 989; Silvani et al., 992, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Frequently Adriatic part of Mitchell, 975, in Northridge, Catches are reported in the north-west Atlantic in foreign mackerel and squid trawl fisheries, but infrequently. 6 Cadanet (957) refers to a troupe of bottlenose s attacking a trawl net, which had to be frightened off with explosive charges (in Northridge, 984). 7 According to Currey et al., 990, in Fertl and Leatherwood, 995. incidental catches may be high in this area, although some s are reported to be freed.

3 Appendix VI: Overview of cetacean by-catches, fishing gears and area 8 caught Mediterranean unknown SW Atlantic Midwater trawl Northridge, 984 Argentinian coast Goodall et al., 988, in Fertl ad Leatherwood, 995 Small numbers SE Atlantic trawl mid 980 Northridge, 984 onwards 3 W Indian Ocean (Gulf Pillai & Kasinathan, 987, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 of Mannar, India) 3 E Indian Ocean Pre 990 Corkeron et al., 990, Anonymous, 99, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 including in 989 (Australia) Hundreds suggested SW Pacific Midwater trawls Each year Mitchell, 975, in Northridge, 984 and in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Risso s A few NW Atlantic Trawl (mackerel and squid) O Hara et al., 986, in Northridge, 99 4 NW Atlantic Waring et al., 990 and NMFS, 995, both in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 A few NW Atlantic O Hara et al., 986, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Occasional NE Atlantic Northridge, 984; Reijnders & Lankester, 990, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 unnumbered W Central Atlantic NMFS, 995, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Risso s SE Atlantic Best pers. comm., 992, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 cont.d. NE Pacific Perez & Loughlin, 99, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Spinner Unknown, SW Atlantic Northridge, 984 probably few (Argentina) Dwarf spinner 0 W Central Pacific 970/7 Perrin et al., 989, in Northridge, 99 and in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Such incidents seem to be rare (Gulf of Thailand) Striped 2 NW Atlantic 99 NMFS 995, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 NE Atlantic Duguy, 977, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 unnumbered NE Atlantic Northridge, 984, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Occasionally captured A large Mediterranean Trawl, tangle and Di Natale, 989 in Northridge, One of the more frequently caught species in fishing nets, there has also been a live capture fishery in the Adriatic part of Mediterranean Sea (Mitchell 975, in Northridge 984) and a directed fishery in the Black Sea which was stopped in 983. The Black Sea population of bottlenose s may have been dramatically affected by the fishery (Smith 976, in Northridge, 984); there are no estimates of the current population size, but catches in recent years were probably in the tens of thousands, as since 967 between 56,000 and 222,000 animals of 3 species (bottlenose, common and harbour porpoise) were being taken per annum (IWC 983: Rep. of the Sub-Committee on small cetaceans) 9 A newly described dwarf form of this species from the Gulf of Thailand was identified on the basis of 0 specimens taken in shrimp trawls in the Gulf of Thailand in 970/7.

4 Appendix VI: Overview of cetacean by-catches, fishing gears and area 82 number up to longline 5000 cetaceans Unknown, probably few SW Atlantic Argentina Midwater trawl Northridge, 984 Striped and common E Central Atlantic Per year Maigret, 994, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Common , 76 NW Atlantic trawl , 986 O Hara et al., 986; Waring et al., 990; NMFS, 995, in Fertl & Leatherwood, NE Atlantic Duguy, 977; Duguy & Hussenot, 982; Pascoe, 986; Nores et al., 992; Sequiera & Ferreira, 994, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Unknown NE Atlantic Reijnders & Lankester, 990; Couperus, 994, both in Fertl & Leatherwood, French Atlantic coast 98 Collet, 983, in Northridge, 984 Maybe NE Atlantic Northridge, 988, in Northridge, 99 hundreds Based on a very few number of interviews with fishermen unknown NE Atlantic Midwater trawl Northridge, 988 and Mac Brearty, pers. comm., in Northridge, 99 and unidentified unknown Mauritania Pelagic trawls Northridge, 99 Up to 6 22 E Central Atlantic, Surface sardine The Report of the Small Cetacean Sub-Committee, IWC 982 pp3 26; per haul at Mauritania and mackerel in fishing Northridge, 984; Maigret, 994, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 night trawls Mediterranean Di Natale, 983, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 unknown Mediterranean 989 Di Natale, 983, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Extra statistics Mediterranean Sardine Tomilin, 967, in Northridge, 984 fishermen Unknown SW Atlantic Crespo & Corcuera, 990, in Northridge, 99 and Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Small numbers SE Atlantic trawl Northridge, On the basis of interviews with several hundred fishermen involved in this fishery, he estimated (pers. comm.) that total cetacean catches may have exceeded 5000 cetaceans in some years, suggesting a very large number of striped s were taken. The impact on the population is unknown (Northridge, 99) About 60% of the total were taken in the foreign squid trawl fishery which has now been terminated. Catches of perhaps 20 per year continue in the mackerel fishery (Cranmore, 988, in Northridge, 99). 2 Common s are killed in surface trawling for sardines and mackerel in this region. One trawler was said to have caught 6 22 s per haul at night, in an area where 2 trawlers were fishing. 3 Tomilin, 967 in Northridge relates that common is also known to help Mediterranean sardine fishermen, who follow the s which are responsible for frightening the fish to the surface. He continues that on the coast of Anatolia where the population of s totals about one million they consume one million tonnes of fish in 00 days (Northridge, 984)

5 Appendix VI: Overview of cetacean by-catches, fishing gears and area 83 Common cont.d. 5 SE Atlantic Best, pers. comm., 992, in Fertl & Leatherwood, Cockcroft, per. Com., 992, in Fertl & Leatherwood, Pair trawl SW Pacific New Zealand Trawl Pair trawl Reports to the IWC in Northridge, Trawl Bottom trawl SW Pacific Fertl & Leatherwood, 995; Mitchell 975; Anonymous, 98, 982, 988, 989, 990, 99; Slooten & Dawson, 988; Baird, 995; Matlin, per. Com., W Central Atlantic 985 Ford, pers. com., 99, in Fertl & Leatherwood, IWC, 979, in Northridge, 984 Atlantic Spotted Heaviside s 2 SE Atlantic Stern trawler (Portuguese) Small numbers Hectors unknown SW Atlantic Midwater trawl Northridge, 984 SW Atlantic 0 s Chubut, Tierra del Fuego, Peninsula Valdez Fertl & Leatherwood, 995; Anonymous, 979; Northridge, 984, Best, pers com., 992 trawl Per year Scialabba, 989, in Northridge, 99; Crespo & Corcuera, 990, in Northridge, 99. unknown SW Atlantic, Chubut, Bottom & Northridge, 99 Santa Cruz midwater trawls 2+ SW Atlantic Goodall et al., 988, 990, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995. Harbour porpoise NW Atlantic Testaverde, 978; O Hara et al., 986, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Considerable nrs poss. hundreds NE Atlantic Danish trawls annually Anderson & Clausen, 983, in Northridge, Swedish waters 86% in gillnets, Lindstedt & Lindstedt, 989, in Northridge, rest in trawls 988 >20 Shetland Bottom trawls 988/89 Northridge, 99 unknown British waters trawl Northridge, 99 Baltic Sea 950 s 244 NE Atlantic Fertl & Leatherwood, 995; Anderson & Clausen, 983; Anonymous, 988, 989, 990; Lindstedt & Lindstedt, 989; Kinze, 994; Skora et al., 988; Benke et al., 99; Currey et al., 990; Gaskin, 984; Mitchell, 975;

6 Appendix VI: Overview of cetacean by-catches, fishing gears and area 84 Moreno, 993; Reijnders & Lankester, 990; Northridge, 988, 99. unknown unknown Black Sea unknown Celikkale, 990, in Northridge, 99 Harbour porpoise infrequent NE Pacific, Alaska trawl Barlow et al., 990 NE Pacific Dredged by 94 Fertl & Leatherwood, 995; Scheffer & Slipp, 948; Perez & Loughlin, 8 trawler ; Barlow et al., 994 unnumbered E Central Pacific Leatherwood & Reeves, 986, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Vaquita 6 E Central Pacific Norris & Prescott, 96; Vidal, 990; Silber, pers. com., 993, in Fertl & unnumbered 984 Leatherwood, 995; Spectacled porpoise Unknown, SW Atlantic Midwater trawls Northridge, 984 probably few Argentina unknown Chubut and Santa Crespo & Corcuera, 990, in Northridge, 99 Cruz, Argentina Dall s porpoise unknown NE Pacific Barlow, et al., 990, in Northridge, NE Pacific Perez & Loughlin, 99; NMFS, 995; Baird et al., 99; Barlow et al., E Central Pacific Perez & Loughlin, 99; NMFS, 995, in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 Finless porpoise 2 E Indian Ocean Shrimp trawl Niazi, 990, in Northridge, 99 and in Fertl & Leatherwood, 995 (Pakistan) Trawls and purse seines are the major gear types in Turkish water 5 As elsewhere in its range, this species appears to be widely affected by interactions with fisheries (Northridge, 99).