Fish use of reef structures and adjacent sand flats: implications for selecting minimum buffer zones between new artificial reefs and existing reefs

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1 The following suppleent accopanies the article Fish use of structures and adjacent sand flats: iplications for selecting iniu buffer zones between new artificial s and existing s R. Claire Roseond, Avery B. Paxton*, Hayley R. Leoine, Stephen R. Fegley, Charles H. Peterson *Corresponding author: abpaxton@live.unc.edu Marine Ecology Progress Series 587: (2018) Table S1: Descriptions of twenty-four s surveyed. Site nubers referenced in Figure 1. Site inforation includes artificial plot nuber, site nae, type, ean on- depth, distance to nearest shoreline, and description of structures. Date indicates onth and year (onth/year) surveyed. Nuber referenced in Fig. 1 Reef plot Site Reef type Depth () Distance to shore (k) Description Survey dates Vessel Artificial (200 ft) Deck barge TBM IX 9/15, 12/15, 4/ Vessel Artificial (320 ft) Landing craft repair ship "Indra" 9/15, 12/15, 4/ Pipes Artificial tons Concrete pipes 9/15, 12/ Reef Balls Artificial Ultra Reef Balls and 1 Reef Ball 10/15, 4/ Reef Balls Artificial Reef Balls 10/15, 1/16, 4/ Vessel Artificial (116 ft) Tug boat "Titan" 10/15, 1/16, 4/ Vessel Artificial (65 ft) Tug boat "Captain Jerry" 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Vessel Artificial (297 ft) Barge HT-290 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Pipes Artificial Concrete pipes 12/ Atlantic Pods Artificial Concrete pods 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Natural Natural Natural hard botto 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Natural Natural Natural hard botto 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Vessel Artificial (440 ft) Liberty ship "Alexander Rasey" 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Pipes Artificial tons Concrete pipes 9/15, 12/15, 3/16 1

2 Nuber referenced in Fig. 1 Reef plot Site Reef type Depth () Distance to shore (k) Description Survey dates Atlantic Pods Artificial Concrete pods 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Barge Artificial (90 ft) Barge 9/ Atlantic Pods Artificial Concrete pods 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Natural Natural Natural hard botto 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Reef Balls Artificial Reef Balls 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Natural Reef Natural Natural hard botto 9/15, 12/15, 3/ Natural Reef Natural Natural hard botto 9/15, 1/16, 5/ Atlantic Pods Artificial Concrete pods 9/15, 1/16, 3/ Pipes Artificial tons Consolidated concrete 9/15, 1/ Reef Balls Artificial Reef Balls 9/15, 1/16, 5/16 Table S2: Species list 230 fish belt-transects conducted on natural and artificial s on the NC continental shelf. Bold text indicates fish in the federally anaged snapper-grouper coplex. Abundance values indicate the total nuber of each species observed across the 230 transects. Faily Genus Species Coon nae Total abundance per transect Total On abundance Acanthuridae Acanthurus sp. Surgeonfish sp Balistidae Canthideris sufflaen Ocean triggerfish Batrachoididae Opsanus tau Oyster toadfish Blenniidae Blenniidae sp. Blenny sp Blenniidae Ophioblennius acclurei Redlip blenny Blenniidae Parablennius aroreus Seaweed blenny Carangidae Carangoides bartholoaei Yellow jack Carangidae Caranx crysos Blue runner Carangidae Carangoides sp. Jack sp Carangidae Caranx ruber Bar jack Carangidae Decapterus acarellus Mackerel scad 1, ,402 Carangidae Decapterus punctatus Round scad

3 Faily Genus Species Coon nae Total abundance per transect Total On abundance Carangidae Decapterus sp. Scad sp. 7,560 2,170 1, ,182 Carangidae Seriola duerili Greater aberjack Carangidae Seriola fasciata Lesser aberjack Carangidae Seriola rivoliana Alaco jack Chaetodontidae Chaetodontidae sp. Butterflyfish sp Chaetodontidae Chaetodon ocellatus Spotfin butterflyfish Diodontidae Chiloycterus schoepfii Striped burrfish Ephippidae Chaetodipterus faber Atlantic spadefish Gerreidae Gerreidae sp. Mojarra sp Gobiidae Coryphopterus glaucofraenu Bridled goby Gobiidae Coryphopterus punctipectophorus Spotted goby Gobiidae Gnatholepis thopsoni Goldspot goby Gobiidae Gobiidae sp. Goby sp Haeulidae Haeulon sp. Grunt sp Haeulidae Haeulon albu White argate Haeulidae Haeulon aurolineatu Totate 5,582 3, ,982 Haeulidae Haeulon pluierii White grunt Labridae Halichoeres bivittatus Slippery dick Labridae Tautoga onitis Tautog Labridae Labridae sp. Wrasse sp Monacanthidae Stephanolepis hispidus Planehead filefish Mullidae Mullidae sp. Goatfish sp Mullidae Mulloidichthys artinicus Yellow goatfish Mullidae Pseudupeneus aculatus Spotted goatfish Mullidae Upeneus parvus Dwarf goatfish Osteichthyes Osteichthyes sp. Unknown fish species Paralichthyidae Paralichthys albigutta Gulf flounder Paralichthyidae Paralichthys dentatus Suer flounder Paralichthyidae Paralichthys lethostiga Southern flounder Paralichthyidae Paralichthys sp. Flounder sp Poacentridae Abudefduf saxatilis Sergeant-ajor

4 Faily Genus Species Coon nae Total abundance per transect Total On abundance Poacentridae Poacentridae sp. Daselfish sp Poacentridae Stegastes sp. Daselfish (cocoa or beaugregory) Rajidae Raja eglanteria Clearnose skate Sciaenidae Pareques ubrosus Cubbyu Scobridae Scoberoorus aculatus Atlantic Spanish ackerel Serranidae Centropristis ocyurus Bank sea bass Serranidae Centropristis striata Black sea bass 1, ,317 Serranidae Diplectru forosu Sand perch Serranidae Mycteroperca icrolepis Gag Serranidae Mycteroperca phenax Scap Serranidae Rypticus aculatus Whitespotted soapfish Serranidae Serranus subligarius Belted sandfish Sparidae Archosargus probatocephalus Sheepshead Sparidae Calaus arctifrons Grass porgy Sparidae Calaus calaus Saucereye porgy Sparidae Calaus nodosus Knobbed porgy Sparidae Calaus penna Sheepshead porgy Sparidae Diplodus holbrookii Spottail pinfish 1, ,076 Sparidae Lagodon rhoboides Pinfish 4 1, ,021 Sparidae Sparidae sp. Porgy sp Sparidae Stenotous sp. Longspine porgy or scup 4,297 3, ,605 Sparidae Stenotous chrysops Scup Sphyraenidae Sphyraena barracuda Great barracuda Sphyrnidae Sphyrna sp. Haerhead sp Synodontidae Synodus foetens Inshore lizardfish Synodontidae Synodus interedius Sand diver Synodontidae Synodus sp. Lizardfish sp Tetraodontidae Sphoeroides spengleri Bandtail puffer Tetraodontidae Canthigaster sp. Pufferfish sp

5 Table S3: Siilarity percentages (SIMPER) analysis results for off- fish counities. Fish species presented in this table are those with higher ean abundance off- than on-. Percentages and asterisks are defined as in Table 1. Off- counities Scientific nae Coon nae Deersal or pelagic Functional group % Contribution to dissiilarity 0-30 s Stenotous chrysops Scup Deersal Benthic carnivore 3.9% Lagodon rhoboides Pinfish Deersal Onivore < 2% Haeulon sp. Grunt sp. Deersal Onivore < 2% Sparidae sp. Porgy sp. Deersal Onivore < 1% Synodus foetens Inshore lizardfish Deersal Piscivore < 1% Seriola fasciata Lesser aberjack Pelagic Carnivore < 1% Caranx ruber Bar jack Pelagic Carnivore < 1% Mullidae sp. Goatfish sp. Deersal Benthic carnivore < 1% Caranx crysos Blue runner Pelagic Carnivore < 1% Mulloidichthys artinicus Yellow goatfish Deersal Benthic carnivore < 1% Sphyraena barracuda Great barracuda Pelagic Piscivore < 1% Synodus sp. Lizardfish sp. Deersal Piscivore < 1% Calaus penna Sheepshead porgy Deersal Benthic carnivore < 1% Synodus interedius Sand diver Deersal Carnivore < 1% Upeneus parvus Dwarf goatfish Deersal Benthic carnivore < 1% Paralichthys lethostiga Southern flounder Deersal Benthic carnivore < 1% Gerreidae sp. Mojarra sp. Deersal Onivore < 1% Raja eglanteria Clearnose skate Deersal Benthic carnivore < 1% s Diplectru forosu Sand perch Deersal Carnivore 2.9% Lagodon rhoboides Pinfish Deersal Onivore < 2% Caranx ruber Bar jack Pelagic Carnivore < 1% Seriola fasciata Lesser aberjack Pelagic Carnivore < 1% Synodus foetens Inshore lizardfish Deersal Piscivore < 1% Mullidae sp. Goatfish sp. Deersal Benthic carnivore < 1% Pseudupeneus aculatus Spotted goatfish Deersal Benthic carnivore < 1% s Calaus calaus Saucereye porgy Deersal Benthic carnivore *< 2% Osteichthyes sp. Unknown fish sp. - - < 1% Lagodon rhoboides Pinfish Deersal Onivore < 1% Sphyraena barracuda Great barracuda Pelagic Piscivore < 1% 5

6 Scoberoorus aculatus Atlantic Spanish ackerel Pelagic Piscivore < 1% Gobiidae sp. Goby sp. Deersal Onivore < 1% Seriola rivoliana Alaco jack Pelagic Piscivore < 1% Cathigaster sp. Pufferfish sp. Deersal Onivore < 1% 6

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