16 th Days of Education 18 and 19 November 2014 Hotel Maestoso Lipica, Slovenia

Transcription

1 16 th Days of Education 18 and 19 November 2014 Hotel Maestoso Lipica, Slovenia

2 Golf Course Management December 2013

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5 Congratulations to Mel Lucas! *** GCSAA Distinguished Service Award ***

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8 Snow Mold and Fairy Ring Management Update Mike Fidanza, Ph.D. Professor of Plant and Soil Sciences Pennsylvania State University Berks Campus Reading, Pennsylvania USA

9 Snow Mold Pathogen: Common Names: Hosts: Target: Microdochium nivale (Fusarium nivale) Pink Snow Mold, Pink Snow Mould Fusarium Patch, Microdochium Patch Cool-Season Turfgrasses - Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) - Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Foliar (Blight)

10 Washington State University M. Fidanza Pink Snow Mold: ~ cold, wet weather ~ active -1 to 16 C (30 to 60 F) ~ fall / winter / spring ~ snow cover not necessary for infection

11 Turfgrass Cultural Practices to Reduce Snow Mold Avoid lush turf conditions as winter approaches - avoid heavy late season N ( > 25 kg N/ha ) (tends to extend hardening off period) - moderate supplemental moisture - reduce leaf wetness periods buckeyeturf.osu.edu

12 Turfgrass Cultural Practices to Reduce Snow Mold Potassium suppresses Microdochium nivale Source: Syngenta

13 Turfgrass Cultural Practices to Reduce Snow Mold Potassium suppresses Microdochium nivale J. Dempsey, University of West of England

14 Turfgrass Cultural Practices to Reduce Snow Mold Improve surface drainage M. Giese

15 Turfgrass Cultural Practices to Reduce Snow Mold Improve drainage access M. Giese

16 Turfgrass Cultural Practices to Reduce Snow Mold Remove excessive thatch ~ fungus survives in thatch and leaf residue Remove tree leaves to avoid matting

17 Turfgrass Cultural Practices to Reduce Snow Mold Mow turf until dormant - limits matting from tall plants - avoid lowering mowing height 150 mm snow 10 mm HOC - 5 C air temp (Minnesota, USA)

18 Turfgrass Cultural Practices to Reduce Snow Mold Use snow fences to reduce snow accumulation Pheasant Run GC

19 Turfgrass Cultural Practices to Reduce Snow Mold Utilize tolerant cultivars or species Differential susceptibility of creeping bentgrass cultivars: M. Giese

20 Fungicides to Manage Snow Mold iprodione (Chipco 26GT) propiconazole (Banner MAXX) triadimefon (Bayleton) azoxystrobin (Heritage) pyraclostrobin (Insignia) STERF, 2013

21 USGA Green Section

22 Fairy Ring John Kaminski, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. Mike Fidanza, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University, Reading, PA.

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24 Chapman Tanner Example of fairy ring mushrooms emerging in turf

25 Fairy ring fungi (basidiomycetes): wood-decaying fungi (prefer lignin) organic matter colonize soil (edaphic) colonize thatch (lectophilic) turfgrass thatch soil (rootzone)

26 How does fairy ring affect turf? the fungal mycelium in the soil will coat sand and soil particles ( particles become hydrophobic or water-repellent) colonized area can become severely hydrophobic soil is difficult to re-wet decomposition or organic matter and thatch release of toxic compounds in the soil rootzone depletion of available N loss of turf due to drought and other factors

27 Decomposition of organic matter.

28 Fairy Ring Symptoms rings or arcs dead or unhealthy turf dark green and stimulated turf - decomposition of organic matter and release of ammonium-n (NH 4 ) - NH 4 is processed by soil microorganisms into nitrates - nitrates contribute to green and growing turf - turf can react similar to a high dose of nitrate fertilizer mushrooms drought or water-stress indications - hydrophobic or water-repellent areas - localized dry spots

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30 Fairy ring where, when, why? greens fairways tees roughs sports fields lawns everywhere spring summer autumn fall anytime

31 Fairy ring symptoms commonly associated with wet/dry cycles, especially in turf under low fertility and low mowing height.

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33 Aeration

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35 Aeration.

36 Wetting Agents for Golf Courses: - irrigation - syringing - surface applied/watered-in - spot treatment - fairy ring mgmt monthly wetting agent program

37 % Plot Area Type-I Fairy Ring Products: Heritage 0.75 kg ai/ha, Insignia 0.5 kg ai/ha; Revolution 19 L/ha. FR = Agaricus. Lolium sp. Fairway Pennsylvania, USA Heritage Heritage + Rev Heritage Heritage + Rev Insignia Insignia + Rev Insignia Insignia + Rev Check L water/ha:

38 % Plot Area Type-I Fairy Ring Products: Heritage 0.75 kg ai/ha; Revolution 19 L/ha; appl. in 1600 L water/ha. FR = Agaricus. Lolium sp. Fairway Pennsylvania, USA Heritage Heritage + Revolution Revolution Untreated 2 WAT 4 WAT

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40 Water Drop Penetration Test: ~use to detect water repellency in fairy ring and localized dry patch areas

41 Spot-Treating Severe Fairy Ring ~ poke or punch many holes

42 ~20 L water ~10 to 30 ml Revolution wetting agent ~1 to 2 g Heritage fungicide ~mix thoroughly and drench

43 ~water-in immediately

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45 Fairy Ring - Summary cultural practices (aeration; water management) soil moisture status - irrigation/water use - soil hydrophobicity - soil surfactant use - minimize impact of wet/dry cycles fungicide use - aeration - soil surfactant use - water-carrier volume - post-appl. irrigation - preventive/curative

46 Thank You! Mike Fidanza, Ph.D.