Summer Killing Fields

Transcription

1 Summer Killing Fields NJ Green Expo December 8 th, 2009 Adam Moeller USGA Agronomist Northeast Region amoeller@usga.org

2 A Summary of 2009 How did that impact the rest of the season?

3 Impacts of Prolonged Saturation Thin putting greens Shallow root systems Excessive ball marks Cart damage Clipping issues Dead grass in fairways, greens, tees Algae and moss Mowing challenges

4 Drainage Issues Highlighted

5 Runoff from hillsides and clay soils

6 Surface drainage can t overcome severe internal drainage problems

7 Scald, Pythium, Mower Damage

8 Deep Tine Aeration

9 Unique Problems in 2009

10 Bethpage Black Practice Green-June 16 th Golfer Traffic and Saturated Conditions

11 Bethpage Black Practice Green-June 17 th Golfer Traffic and Saturated Conditions

12 Bethpage Black Practice Green-July 7 th Golfer Traffic and Saturated Conditions

13 Dollar Spot Outbreaks A simple agronomic equation Excessive growth + Contact fungicides Early/late season apps? = More foliar diseases hard to document benefits easier to manage dollar spot use inexpensive product Preventative vs. semi-preventative/curative programs? cost less use less A.I. less disease

14 Annual Bluegrass Weevils

15 Asses control or lack thereof

16 Insecticides with Pyrethroids Astro Attain TR Cynoff Dragnet SFR Impinge Onyx Pro-Mate Bifenthrin Talstar Tame Aloft Allectus Deltagard Permethrin 3.2EC Pounce Prevail Scimitar Photo: J Zimmers

17 Mower and Traffic Damage in Early August

18 Scald and Direct High Temperature Injury

19 Summer Patch and Scald

20 once we re past the August 15 point, pressures usually abate a bit

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23 The Year of the Excessive Rainfall OR The Year of Excessive Cultivation Damage

24 The Perfect Core Cultivation Program

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30 Back to Reality Sand issues Labor issues WEATHER PATTERNS!!! Equipment problems Golfers Photo: J Zimmers

31 Common Factors Contributing to the Damage q Poorly draining root zones or those with excessive moisture holding capacity q Bad microenvironments q Damage was worst on Poa annua

32 A Weakened Green Pushed Over the Edge

33 Coring on a worst draining green on the course

34 Damage on Perimeters and Wet Areas

35 Damage Where Brush Operator Turned

36 Coring Flares up Summer Patch

37 Tip burn from kiln-dried topdressing sand Photo: D Marcinek

38 Impact of Topdressing on Canopy Temperatures Danneberger, Ohio St Univ. 2006

39 When is the best time for Cultivation? It depends April-June August

40 Advantages to Coring In Late August q Rapid recovery due to warm soil temps q Plenty of available labor q Possible lull in golf calendar? q Poa annua emergence

41 Take home point: > 90 % emergence occurred by early December Kaminski and Dernoeden, 2007 Crop Sci.

42 Cultivation Planning Challenges

43 Cultivation At Night??? Photo: T Pepe

44 Cultivation Planning Challenges A Backup Date is Essential!!!

45 Long Term Solutions Drainage!!!

46 Realistic expectations for root zone performance

47 Long Term Solutions Rebuild to sand-based greens $5-8 ft 2 Lost revenue? Tolerance of course closure? Not aware of any serious damage on a sand-based green that drains well

48 Aggressive cultivation and topdressing needed to maintain highly functional root zones!!!

49 Sand By-Pass Systems hr course closure $ ft 2 Need to manage drain lines w/hand water and supplemental N Internal drainage and regrassing?

50 Drill and Fill Aeration

51 Deep Tine Aeration

52 Improving Sunlight

53 Environmental Changes under Shade Relative Humidity Increased Restricted Air Movement Temperature Moderated Competition from Tree Roots = INCREASED DISEASE PRESSURE AND REDUCED WEAR TOLERANCE

54 Winter Tree Removal Photo: J Zimmers

55 Thank You Adam Moeller USGA Agronomist Northeast Region

56 Adam Moeller USGA Agronomist Northeast Region