CAMEL AND EQUINE PRODUCTION

Transcription

1 CAMEL AND EQUINE PRODUCTION By KASHIF ISHAQ PhD, DVM 1

2 INTRODUCTION A camel is an even-toed ungulate, distinctive fatty deposits known as humps on its back Camel is special ruminant, while horse non A small family of ruminant mammals (order Artiodactyla) comprising camels, llamas, and extinct related forms all having long limbs with two toes and fused but distally divergent metapodials, a 3-chambered stomach, and oval red blood cells. CONTD جمل word From the Arabic Bactrian mostly in cold mountainous area Lama are found in S. America and are smaller 19 million camel in the world, 16.2 m are one humped, 80 % in Africa (maximum in Somalia and Sudan) In Asia, 70 % in Indo-pak area 2

3 CONT Seven camel like creatures in camelidae Bactrian, Dromedaries, llama, alpaca, guanaco & vicuna Life expectancy of a camel is 40 to 50 years Adult camel stands 1.85 m Camels run at up to 65 km/h in short bursts and sustain speeds of up to 40 km/h Somalia or the Kingdom of Punt first domesticated camels well before 2000 BC DISTRIBUTION 3

4 POPULATION World wide camel population is 24 million (FAO, 2010) Pakistan ranks third among major camel-raising countries after Somalia and Sudan (FAO, 1999) Pakistan s camel population is About 1 million (GOP, 2011) DROMEDARIES ARE NATIVE TO THE DRY DESERT AREAS OF WEST ASIA Dromedary, Camelus dromedarius Anonymous, 2012a 4

5 BACTRIAN CAMELS ARE NATIVE TO GOBI DESERT, CENTRAL AND EAST ASIA Bactrian Camel, Camelus bactrianus Anonymous, 2012a WILD ASIAN TWO HUMPED CAMELS 5

6 MODERN CAMELS:LLAMA GUANACO 6

7 ALPACA VICUNA 7

8 POPULATION OF CAMEL IN PAKISTAN PROVINCIAL DISTRIBUTION Balochistan 41% Sindh 30% Punjab 22% KPK 7% (Livestock Census, 2006) DISTRICT WISE CAMEL POPULATION IN PUNJAB Population (Numbers) Districts 8

9 TYPES OF CAMELS IN PAKISTAN 1- Mountain camels (locally known as Pehari or hill camels) are found in Northern Punjab and Baluchistan 2- Riverine camels are found in the deserts and irrigated plains of Punjab and Sindh ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF CAMEL PRODUCTION 1- Sandy deserts (Thal and Cholistan in the Punjab and Thar in Sindh) 2- Costal mangroves (Thatta, Badin and Karachi districts of Sindh) 3- Mountainous tracts (all of Balochistan, and the D.G. Khan and D.I. Khan districts of Punjab and KPK, respectively) 4- Irrigated plains (all irrigated districts of Punjab and Sindh) 9

10 CAMEL BREEDS IN PAKISTAN Qureshi (1986) reported there were 15 breeds in Pakistan Qureshi et al., (1993) described eight breeds in Pakistan Recently, Isani and Baluch (2000) and Younas and Iqbal (2001) have documented 20 breeds of camel in Pakistan comprising seven breeds of Baluchistan, four of the NWFP, four of Sindh and five of Punjab Contd Punjab (Marrecha or Mahra, Bagri or Booja, Brella or Thalochi, Mountainous or Cambelpuri and Kalachitta) Balochistan (Brahvi, Kachhi, Kharani, Lassi, Pishin and Rodbari) Makrani, Sindh (Dhatti, Kharai, Larri or Sindhi and Sakrai) KPK (Gaddi, Ghulmani, Khader and Maya) 10

11 CONT The Bactrian camel are 1.4 million Approximately, 14 million dromedaries alive 2/3 are in Africa 5 million in Somalia They produce milk, transporting, agriculture operations, meat and recreation They can withstand the sever drought condition with low mortality rate In Pakistan the price varies between Rs to 200,

12 PAKISTAN AND CAMELS Transportation in deserts and milk producing High content on Vit. C 0.3 million ton milk Sacrifice animal 5ooo ton meat produced in Pakistan Draught animal 300 kg to 30 km/hr Camel dance 1.3 million camel (36% Baloch, 33% Punj, 23% Sindh, 8 % in NWFP) CAMEL RIDING 12

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14 ELITE CAMEL CAMEL MILKING 14

15 FESTIVALS WORLD CAMEL DAY 15

16 WORLD CAMEL DAY, 2014 DACHI MILK 16

17 SPECIAL OF CAMEL Camel's karyotype (2n=74) Humps as a reservoir of water Red blood cells have an oval shape 150 liters/drink Withstand changes in body temperature and water consumption F Sweating placed at the skin level Large amount of water vapor in their exhalations 17

18 Withstand at least 20-25% weight loss Camel's blood remains hydrated Green herbage but no water Thick coat Long legs & known to swim Eat thorny desert plants Long eyelashes & ear hairs Efficient Kidneys and intestines Thick syrup urine Dry feces Unusual immune system CAMEL BREEDING AND RESEARCH STATION 18

19 CAMELS 19

20 WATER PULLING CAMEL BLOOD COLLECTION 20

21 CAMEL RESTRAINING PREVENT SUCKLING 21

22 CAMEL GRAZING CAMEL IN SHEDS 22

23 CAMEL MARKING 23

24 CAMEL REARERS 24

25 EQUIDAE FAMILY INTRODUCTION OF EQUINES Domesticated around 4000 BC in Eurasia Equidae (sometimes known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, donkeys, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils. All extant species are in the genus EquusUse of speed to escape predators Well-developed sense of balance Lifespan years 25

26 CONT A 450-kilogram will eat 7-11 kg & drink lit Hind Gut fermenter a range of vision > 350 (65 binocular vision & 285 monocular vision) Excellent day and night vision, dichromatic vision 300 breeds of horses Foal, Yearling, Colt, Filly, Mare, Stallion & Gelding Lobed kidney and universally no gall bladder SIZE One hand is equal to 4 inches 14 to 16 hands Three classes (light, draught, ponies) Hot, Cold and warm types on temperament Classified on coat color, before breed or sex, same color may be distinguished from one another by white markings 26

27 HORSE Uncommon beauty, athletic, fascinating animal Odd-toed, non ruminant with no horn Racing, polo, tent pegging, endurance riding, show jumping, tonga, hunting, transportation, In Pakistan, people are directly involved in horse production 0.12 million depends for earning CONT Most versatile animal Thrive in wide range of climate and terrains They were a war tool in past Caecal digestion Colic is fatal disease 27

28 HORSE IN OUR CULTURE 28

29 TONGA 29

30 HORSE DANCE DONKEY CART 30

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