Mr. Somporn Pakpien. Asst. Prof. Vijak Chimchome, Ph.D. Dr. Nanthachai Pongpattananurak, Ph.D. Forest Biological Science, Kasetsart University
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1 การเล อกใช หย อมพ นท เพ อล าเหย อของเส อโคร ง (Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758) ในเขตร กษาพ นธ ส ตว ป าห วยขาแข ง จ งหว ดอ ท ยธาน และตาก Microhabitat Selection for Hunting site of Tiger (Panthera tigris Linnaeus, 1758) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani and Tak Province Mr. Somporn Pakpien Asst. Prof. Vijak Chimchome, Ph.D. Dr. Nanthachai Pongpattananurak, Ph.D. Forest Biological Science, Kasetsart University
2 ความส าค ญของเส อโคร งและท มาของงานศ กษาว จ ย Maintain a healthy ecosystem Indicator species Attractive animal (Promote ecotourism) Endangered species (IUCN, 2013) Hunting success - 20 % (Schaller, 1967) - < 40 % (Fraser, 2012) tiger-food-web
3 ว ตถ ประสงค ในการศ กษาคร งน ม จ ดม งหมาย 2 ประการ ค อ เพ อศ กษาป จจ ยท ม อ ทธ พลต อการเล อกหย อมพ นท ส าหร บการล า เหย อของเส อโคร ง เพ อศ กษาพฤต กรรมการก นเหย อของเส อโคร ง
4 อน กรมว ธาน และการแพร กระจาย Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Subfamily: Pantherinae Genus: Panthera Species: tigris
5 Subspecies and distribution of tiger throughout the World Mazak (1981) และ Herrington (1987) recognized 8 subspcies Bengal (P. t. tigris) Caspian (P. t. virgata) Amur (P. t. altaiga) Javan (P. t. sondaica) South China (P. t. amoyensis) Bali (P. t. balica) Sumatran (P. t. sumatrae) Indochinese (P. t. corbetti) Luo et al. (2010) Malayan (P. t. jacksonii) Population size 3,800 5,000 (world) ~ 250 (Thailand)
6 General characteristics Body size (HB+T) Bengal : 3 m. Sumatran : m. : Thailand : 2.94 m. Weight (kg) Bengal : (M), (F) Sumatran : (M), (F) Thailand : (M), (F)
7 Biology and Ecology Reproductive season : end November early April (Mazak, 1981) Gestation : days (Sunquist and Sunquist, 1991; Smith, 1993) Litter size : 2-5 litters (Smith and McDougal, 1991) First reproduction : F ~ 3.4, M ~ 4.8 Reproductive life span : F ~ 6.1 yrs, M ~ 2.8 yrs. (Smith and McDougal, 1991) Diet India and Nepal : Chital or Axis deer, Sambar deer, Barking deer, Pig (Schaller, 1967; McDougal, 1977; Karanth and Sunquist, 1995) Thailand : Banteng, Gaur, Sambar deer, Barking deer, Pig (อ จฉรา, 2543)
8 Hunting behavioral Activity period : Nocturnal, Crepuscular Hunting techniques : Individual technique, concealment, stalking, sudden rush and dispatch (Karanth and Sunquist, 1995), Stalking > running (Schaller, 1967) Attach distance : m. (Schaller, 1967; McDougal, 1977) Attach distance : m. (Schaller, 1967; McDougal, 1977) 20 m. (Fraser, 2012) Tiger usually drags or carries killed prey to a secluded place
9 Study area 2 sub-areas - Northern part - Southern part ระยะเวลาในการศ กษาว จ ย
10 Equipments
11 Methodology How to find the kill site : Tiger Ecology Project
12 Sampling plot 1 st spot where tiger made a killed - dragging the carcass - Plants around the spot
13 Data recording Prey : Species, Age-class, Sex, Drag (distance) Sampling plots Forest type : MD,DD,DE,HE Tree density : Basal area Structure Ground layer Complexity Degree of visibility Slope Crown cover Prey abundance index
14 พ นด น Ground layer 1. Fallen Logs/Trees : HOG, Long, 2. Shrubs (Number) 3. Bamboos (number of individuals) 4. Climbers (Number) : Ø 1 cm. Complexity (Classes) 0 = no complexity ; 1-2 = medium 3-4 = high
15 Degree of Visibility (%) W N E Checker Board 50 x 100 cm. S observer Distances : 10, 20, 30 metres in 4 directions
16 Slope Crown cover N W Observer = 5 m. from center E 24 equally squares equally sub-devided into 4 smaller squares (96) Multiplied by ~1.04 S
17 Prey Abundance index N - 4 circle plots - R = 10 metres - Tiger s main prey species - Tracks, Foot prints Pellets, Dungs W m. E S
18
19 Data analysis based on Podgorski et al., 2008) ทดสอบความแตกต างของต วแปร(จ ดท พบการล าเหย อ จ ดส ม) Mann-Whitney U-test (continuous variables) : Tree density, Ground layer, Degree of visibility, Crown cover, Prey abundance G-test (categorical variables) : Forest type, Complexity, Slope ทดสอบค าความส าค ญของต วแปรในจ ดท พบการล าเหย อ ด วย สมการทดถอย (regression)
20 ประโยชน ท คาดว าจะได ร บ ทราบถ งป จจ ยท ม ผลต อความส าเร จในการล าเหย อของเส อโคร ง ใน เขตร กษาพ นธ ส ตว ป าห วยขาแข ง ทราบชน ดและพฤต กรรมการก นอาหารของเส อโคร ง ได ความร พ นฐานถ งป จจ ยท ม ผลต อความส าเร จในการล าเหย อของ เส อโคร ง ท อาจจะสามารถน ามาใช จ ดการแนวเช อมต อของผ นป าเพ อ ฟ นฟ ประชากรเส อโคร งต อไป
21 ขอขอบค ณ Asst. Prof. Vijak Chimchome, Ph.D. Dr. Nanthachai Pongpattananurak, Ph.D. Dr. Prateep DuangKae, Ph.D. Dr. Suwimon Uthairatsamee, Ph.D.
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