2017 Cardboard Challenge. 3rd Grade. Billy Goat Bridge

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1 2017 Cardboard Challenge 3rd Grade Billy Goat Bridge Image source:

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3 3rd Grade Billy Goat Bridge Challenge Challenge Three billy goats have to cross a bridge guarded by a troll. If the goats are too heavy, the bridge will fall and the goats will be captured by the troll. The students will use provided materials to construct a bridge that can support their weight safely. Only cardboard and masking tape are allowed in the construction. The gap to be spanned is 24 inches. Two stable desks of equal height should be used, and the gap carefully measured. Bridges will be constructed and then moved to the testing area, but students may set up their own gap for trials. Only the two ends of the bridge can touch the desks, and there can be no additional supports, such as columns, beneath the bridge. The bridges must be wide enough to fit the largest weight with no overhang. Weights can be stacked during testing, so widths greater than the largest weight aren t necessary. The smallest weight will be placed on the bridge first, then removed. The medium weight will be placed on the bridge, then removed. And then the heaviest weight will be placed on the bridge, then removed. If a bridge successfully holds each of the three weights, then the students will determine the order of placement until all three weights are on the bridge at the same time. For each trial, the bridge must support the weight for at least 30 seconds. The testing may continue with progressively heavier weights to determine which bridge is the strongest. Follow-up The class may want to review the successful and less successful designs and discuss how they might change their design based on what others had done. Did they change their design as they were building, or did they stick to their original design? Teams may want to share how they worked together, and if they encountered obstacles, how did they overcome them. Building Materials Cardboard 48 inches of masking tape Several cans of soup of various weights for testing.

4 Three Billy Goats Gruff A Grimm s Fairy Tale Once upon a time there were three Billy Goats Gruff; Little Billy Goat, Middle Sized Billy Goat and Great Big Billy Goat, who lived in a field in a green valley. They loved to eat sweet grass, but sadly their field was now brown and barren because they were greedy goats and they d eaten every last blade of grass. But they were still hungry. In the distance they could see a field that was full of lush sweet grass, but alas there was only one way to get to it over a rickety bridge over a stream. But under the bridge lived a terrifically terrifying terrible troll called Trevor he was always hungry too. And there was nothing he liked better than to eat a nice juicy Billy Goat. The Little Billy Goat was the first to reach the bridge. Gingerly he put one hoof and then another onto the bridge but because it was so rickety, however hard he tried, his hoof still went trip trap, trip trap on the wooden planks. Suddenly there was a huge roar. Who s that trip trapping over my bridge? and out from under the bridge loomed the Troll. Quaking in his hooves, Little Billy Goat Gruff managed to squeak It s only me. I m only going to look for some grass to eat. Oh no you re not! I m going to eat you for my breakfast, lunch and tea! Oh no! said terrified Little Billy Goat Gruff. I m just Little Billy Goat Gruff. Why don t you wait for my brother? He s bigger than me and much tastier. So the greedy Troll decided to wait and Little Billy Goat Gruff skipped over the bridge and began to eat the fresh green grass on the other side. The other goats saw Little Billy Goat Gruff eating the fresh green grass and were jealous because they wanted some too. So Middle Sized Billy Goat Gruff went down to the bridge and began to cross the stream. Trip, trap, trip, trap went his middle sized hooves. Again the Troll loomed out from under the bridge. Who s that trip trapping over my bridge? he roared. Quaking in his hooves, Middle Sized Billy Goat Gruff managed to say in his softest voice It s only me. I m following my brother, Little Billy Goat Gruff, so I can eat the sweet grass.

5 Oh no you re not! I m going to eat you for breakfast, lunch and tea! Oh no, Mr Troll, you wouldn t want to eat me. I m not big enough to fill you up. Wait until my big brother comes along he s much tastier than me. Oh all right said the Troll and Middle Sized Billy Goat Gruff scampered over the bridge and began to eat the sweet green grass with Little Billy Goat Gruff. Big bold Billy Goat Gruff was jealous and couldn t wait to get across the bridge and join his brothers. So boldly, he put his hooves onto the bridge. Trip, trap, trip, trap. Suddenly the Troll loomed out from under the bridge. Who s that trip trapping over my bridge? he boomed. It s me. Big Billy Goat Gruff. Who do you think you are? I m the Troll and I m going to eat you for breakfast, lunch and tea! Oh no, you re not Oh yes I am you ll see! Then the Troll rushed at Big Billy Goat Gruff who bent his head and bravely charged at the Troll, catching him up in his horns and tossing him into the stream below. The Troll disappeared under the rushing water, never to be seen again. From then on, anyone could cross the bridge and enjoy the sweet green grass with the Three Billy Goats Gruff. Source:

6 NGSS Standards Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions K-PS2-1. Plan and conduct an investigation to compare the effects of different strengths or different directions of pushes and pulls on the motion of an object. Matter and Its Interactions 2-PS1-2. Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose. 2-PS1-3. Make observations to construct an evidence-based account of how an object made of a small set of pieces can be disassembled and made into a new object. Engineering Design K-2-ETS1-1. Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool. K-2-ETS1-2. Develop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem. K-2-ETS1-3. Analyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses of how each performs. 3-5-ETS1-2. Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. 3-5-ETS1-3. Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved. MS-ETS1-2. Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. Cross-Cutting Concepts: Cause and Effect: Mechanism and Prediction Systems and System Models Structure and Function Influence of Engineering, Technology and Science on Society and the Natural World Disciplinary Core Ideas: ETS1.A: Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution Science and Engineering Practices: Asking Questions and Defining Problems Planning and Carrying Out Investigations Constructing explanations and designing solutions Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information