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1 Course control number Credits: 3 Monday 2-5 lab 209 GPBB Wed 2-3 Lecture 103 GPBB Final exam group 15: TUESDAY, DECEMBER 18, P Webpage Description This is a hands-on class in identification of macrofungi. Emphasis will be on laboratory work with fresh and dried fungi. Lectures on Wednesday focus on mushroom systematics, collection techniques and identification. Three weekend fieldtrips are required in addition to the weekly laboratory. Previous course experience with fungi is recommended but not required. Grades are based on two tests, two quizzes, a microscopic checklist, and a collection (see below). Objectives: 1) Learn to recognize the major genera and common species of macrofungi in California 2) Learn to key out unknown species 3) Learn proper collection procedures for macrofungi We will not stress higher-level classification, as many of the families are currently in a state of flux. The same could also be said for the genera, but we feel that learning the currently used names will continue to be of value for identification even as newly proposed genera achieve acceptance. Syllabus Topics covered in individual labs will probably vary from that given below, dependent on availability of fresh material, but this is an approximation of the topics we plan to cover. Using the microscope, sectioning and examining mushrooms Mon 8/27/07 lab Wed 8/29/07 lect Structures of mushrooms used for identification Mon 9/3/07 lab Labor day Holiday Wed 9/5/07 lect Polypores and other Aphyllophorales Mon 9/10/07 lab Common lawn mushrooms Wed 9/12/07 lect Agaricaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Bolbitiaceae Mon 9/17/07 lab Polypores and others Wed 9/19/07 lect Amanitaceae Mon 9/24/07 lab Amanita Wed 9/26/07 lect "tricholomataceae" - a hodgepodge of white spored agarics Satuday 9/29/07 Fieldtrip Saturday Fieldtrip to Pt. Reyes/or Salt Point: leaves early Saturday morning returns late afternoon. Cost: free Mon 10/1/07 lab work on collections from fieldtrip (tricholomataceae) Wed 10/3/07 lect Russulales Mon 10/8/07 lab Russulales Wed 10/10/07 lect Boletales

2 Mon 10/15/07 lab boletes and relatives Wed 10/17/07 lect Strophariaceae, Cortinariaceae Mon 10/22/07 TEST MIDTERM lab exam Wed 10/24/07 lec "Pink" spored Agaricales Sat (leaves Friday PM) Friday-Sunday Fieldtrip to Redwood National Park (leave Friday afternoon, returns mid afternoon 10/27/07 Fieldtrip Sunday. Estimated cost: $40 10/28/07 Fieldtrip Friday-Sunday Fieldtrip to Redwood National Park Sun Mon 10/29/07 lab work on collections from fieldtrip Wed 10/31/07 lect "gastromycetes" another non-phyllogenetic group Mon 11/5/07 lab gastromycetes Wed 11/7/07 lect Gomphales, coral fungi, and Cantharellales Mon 11/12/07 lab Coral fungi Wed 11/14/07 lect Ascomycetes Saturday-Sunday Fieldtrip to Mendocino; leaves early Saturday morning, returns Sunday afternoon. Sat 11/17/07 Fieldtrip Estimated cost: $30 Sun 11/18/07 Fieldtrip Saturday-Sunday Fieldtrip to Mendocino Mon 11/19/07 lab fieldtrip collections Wed 11/21/07 lect mushroom natural history Mon 11/26/07 lab Ascomycetes Wed 11/28/07 lect Mushroom poisons Mon 12/3/07 lab work on collections Wed 12/5/07 lect Overview of major groups and common species Mon 12/10/07 Test Lab review - last day to turn in collections Tues 12/18/07 Test Final exam - in lab Required book: Mushrooms Demystified. David Arora, Ten Speed Press 2nd addition. Recommended books How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus VI: Modern Genera. David Largent and Timothy Baroni, Mad River Press. How to identify Mushrooms to Genus III: Microscopic Features, David Largent, David Johnson, Roy Watling. Mad River Press. Grades - A total of 1000 pt are possible for the course: 400 for the collection 100 for the first lab practical 100 pts for two quizzes 100 point for the microscopic check off list 300 for the final lab practical. If you receive at least 90, 80, or 70% of the points you will receive at least an A, B or C respectively. Collection project: Each student will collect, identify, dry, label, and turn in a set of macrofungi. Each individual specimen should include properly dried material (i.e., one or more fruiting bodies), ideally a spore print, and a typed collection label containing: the

3 scientific name of the fungus (including authority, if identified to species), date, location, habitat, collector, and brief notes on the distinguishing macroscopic and microscopic features that are the basis of the identification. A digital photo would also be useful, but is not required. Correct identifications are worth 10pt for each different genus, and 5 pts for each different species. Note that species level identifications are not necessary, but you will get more credit for species level identifications. If you do identify collections to species it is expected that you will consult additional technical keys beyond those in Mushrooms Demystified for the final determination. Points are deducted for misidentified specimens (-5 for genus, -3 for species), but if they are then identified correctly and returned they are worth the standard points minus the deduction (so approximately half credit). Points will be deducted if the material is too young, too old, or rotten, or if the label information is incorrect or incomplete. Up to two collections can be turned in with detailed descriptions of the macroscopic and microscopic features. These collections are worth an additional 25 pts each. The description should be in the format that one might use if describing a specimen for publication as a new species. Full descriptions are worth a maximum of 25 pts each; points may be deducted if the descriptions are unclear or incomplete. Total possible points for the collect project is 400. This can be achieved in various ways. Below is one example that is based on the minimum number of specimens: 30 different genera correctly identified 30 X10 = of the above correctly identified to species 10 X 5 = 50 2 full descriptions of any of the above collections 2 X 25 = 50 Total = 400 Note that you acquire points more quickly by collecting many different genera, than by identifying species. 10 Bonus points are given for all resupinate or cyphelloid collections that are correctly identified to genus. Please do not wait to turn in all of the collections at the end of course; turn them in as they are completed and we will keep a running tally of your collection points so that you know exactly were you are on project. The Last day you can turn in collections is the last day of class. Late collections will not be accepted. Lab practicals will test your ability to recognize common genera and species that you have seen in the class, and to identify morphological features associated with mushroom taxonomy. They will be open book tests because you will need to key many of the specimens. However, you will not have enough time to key all the specimens on the test. This is because you are expected to be able to sight identify genera and species that you have seen before in the class. Microscopic checkoff list This is new this year. We are trying it as a devise to get people to become more familiar with microscopic characters and spore colors. The list, which is attached, includes a set of feature that you are likely to encounter as you examine your mushroom collections. Lecture material, and the book How to identify Mushrooms to Genus III: Microscopic

4 Features, will help you identify these features. When you succeed is finding them, have one of the instructors confirm it, and initial your sheet. Each correctly identified feature is worth 2 pts up to a maximum point total of 100 pts. If you encounter unique microscopic morphologies not listed on the check sheet, these can be added for equal credit. You can gain an additional point by using the lab camera (or your own) to take a digital image of a given structure that is good enough to include on the lab website. 25 Bonus points are given if you volunteer 3 hrs at the Fungus Fair. This takes place at the Oakland Museum Dec 1, 2. Helping sort on Friday night November 30 is a great way to review. A signup sheet will be available a week or so before this event. Instructor: Tom Bruns, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, and Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management. Office hours: 9-10 Mondays and Thursdays, or by appointment Office 321c Koshland Hall pogon@berkeley.edu - a very effective way to make appointments! phone Graduate Student Instructor Nicole Hynson Office 321 Koshland Hall nhynson@nature.berkeley.edu Visiting lecturer Else Vellinga, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology vellinga@berkeley.edu Dr. Vellinga will give one lecture, and is likely to visit the lab occasionally and go on the fieldtrips.

5 Name 2 pts each initials Microscope use demonstate Köhler illumination Spore prints (must be heavy) Agaricus Stropharia or Hypholoma Psathyrella Agrocybe Pluteus or Volvariella Coprinus Entoloma, Nolanea, or Leptonia Gymnopilus Cortinarius Hebeloma Inocybe Suillus Boletus Tylopilus Ramaria or Gomphus Russula Spore microscopic morphologies and staining (at 100X) Russula or Lactarius spores in Meltzer's Thelephora or Tomentella spores Ganoderma spores Cortinarius spores "Boletoid spores" (Boletus, Suillus, ect) Ramaria spores Inocybe spores dextrinoid spores amyloid spores (other than Russulaceae) truncate with a germ pore Entoloma, Nolanea, or Leptonia Lycoperdon or Bovista spores Scleroderma or Pisolithus spores allantoid spores (many polypores and resupinates) spores that are wider in frontal view than in side view (Psilocybe, Coprinoids) Hyphal types Clamp connections

6 Skeletal hyphae Binding Hyphae rhizomorph dextrinoid hyphae ampulate septa incrusted hyphae Lamellar trama regular bilateral (divergent) irregular convergent Cystidia types Setae metuloids gloeocystidida sulphovanilla positive cystida broom cells chrysocystidia lyocystidia encrusted capitulate mucronate cystidial positions pleurocystidia cheilocystidia caulocystida pileocystidia Basidia types basidia with more than 4 sterigmata gasteroid basida basidia with 4 or with 2 sterigmata Pileopellus Hymeniderm trichoderm ixotrichoderm dense layer Ascus types operculate non-operculate staining with Meltzer's reagents fisitunicate