Welcome! Sea Otters. AP Biology Warm Up; Monday September 17, 2012

Transcription

1 Welcome! Sea Otters AP Biology Warm Up; Monday September 17, animals/otte meerkats/otter_sea_toxoplasmosis.html The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Adult sea otters typically weigh between 14 and 45 kg (30 to 100 lb), making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the smallest marine mammals. Unlike most marine mammals, the sea otter's primary form of insulation is an exceptionally thick coat of fur, the densest in the animal kingdom. Although they can walk on land, the sea otter lives mostly in the ocean. The sea otter inhabits nearshore environments where it dives to the sea floor to forage. It preys mostly upon marine invertebrates such as sea urchins, various molluscs and crustaceans, and some species of fish. Its foraging and eating habits are noteworthy in several respects. First, its use of rocks to dislodge prey and to open shells makes it one of the few mammal species to use tools. In most of its range, it is a keystone species, controlling sea urchin populations which would otherwise inflict extensive damage to kelp forest ecosystems. Its diet includes prey species that are also valued by humans as food, leading to conflicts between sea otters and fisheries. Question: Is the toxoplasmosis that afflicts the sea otter a density dependent or density independent growth limiting factor? 1

2 AP Biology 1. Warm Up 5 2. Review Quiz 5 3. Review Notes 2 4. Continue Lecture Answer Questions Continue Working on Assignments 20 Announcements Elect Period 4 Room Rep Test Wednesday September 26 Continue Working on Week 4 Assignments 2

3 Review Quiz 3

4 Formula Sheets! 4

5 Bunny Problem New Mystery Question! In 1859, an Australian farmer released 24 wild European rabbits from England on his ranch. "A few rabbits" he said, "could do little harm and might provde a touch of home, in addition to a spot of hunting" Seven years later, he and his friends shot 14,253 rabbits. In ten years, more than 2 million rabbits were hunted on that farm alone! But hunters' glee turned into a nationwide despair. That "touch of home" was soon covering the countryside like a great gray blanket. The millions of rabbits devoured native plants and pushed native animals to near extinction. They made life miserable for sheep and cattle ranchers. These cute, fuzzy creatures weren't a problem in England. Why did they turn into such a plague in Australia? Could they be stopped? If so, how? 5

6 P2 Why did they turn into such a plague in Australia? Could they be stopped? If so, how? 6

7 P4 Why did they turn into such a plague in Australia? Could they be stopped? If so, how? 7

8 Let's do Calculus! Application Start Discovery What's the slope of y = 2x +1 at x = 2? What's the slope of y = x 2 at x = 2? Graph: 8

9 III. Models of Populaon Growth (Determined by birth and death rates) A. J shaped curve eg) human populaon *A seemingly endless supply of resources must be available Equaons 9

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12 B. Logisc s shaped curve *controlled by (K) the maximum stable populaon that an environment can support for a long me (higher populaon not enough resources to go around) Equations 12

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17 Density Dependent Factors 17

18 Density dependent or density independent 18

19 K selecon: R selecon: Density independent factors: Density dependent factors: D. Allee Effect somemes populaons have a difficult me surviving when the populaon is small E. Predator/Prey Relaonships 19

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21 V. Human Populaon Growth A. Human populaon is growing. B. Demographic transion: C. Age structure pyramid 21

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24 Sample AP Test Problem 40. Figure I shows the growth of an algal species in a flask of sterilized pond water. If phosphate is added as indicated, the growth curve changes as shown in Figure II. Which of the following is the best prediction of the algal growth if nitrate is added instead of phosphate? A B C D 24

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26 Practice Problems 1. A populaon of 265 swans are introduced to Circle Lake. The populaon s birth rate is swans/year, and the death rate is swans/year. What is the rate of populaon growth, and is it increasing or decreasing? 26

27 Practice Problems 2. There are 190 grey tree frogs in a swamp. If r= frogs/ year, predict the populaon size next year. 27

28 Practice Problems 3. A populaon of 1,492 Balmore Orioles is introduced to an area of Nerstrand woods. Over the next year, the Orioles show a death rate of while the populaon drops to 1,134. What s the birth rate for this populaon? Is this proving to be a suitable habitat? 28

29 Practice Problems 4. One dandelion plant can produce many seeds, leading to a high growth rate for dandelion populaons. If a populaon of dandelions is currently 40 individuals, and r max = 80 dandelions/month, predict dn/dt if these dandelions would grow exponenally? 29

30 Practice Problems 5. Imagine the dandelions menoned in #4 cannot grow exponenally, due to lack of space. The carrying capacity for their patch of lawn is 70 dandelions. What is their dn/dt in this logisc growth situaon? 30

31 Exit Questions Define density dependent. Give an example. Reminders Elect Period 4 Room Rep Test Wednesday September 26 Continue Working on Week 4 Assignments 31

32 Attachments Web Quest Mental Health.doc