Basic Fighter Maneuvering: Element Tactics (2v1) A short introduction presented by tiag and dhyran
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1 Basic Fighter Maneuvering: Element Tactics (2v1) A short introduction presented by tiag and dhyran
2 At the end of this lesson, you will be able to explain: Brevity codes associated with BFM 2v1. Difference between different tactical doctrines. The role of leader and wingman in 2v1 scenarios. In additionyouwill understand howto: Fight effectivelly using Loose Deuce and Double Attack doctrines. Perform the Bracket and The Drag as a tactical element.
3 Brevity Codes (1/2) 1. Tally - Bandit in sight; opposite of "NO JOY." 2. Visual - Friendly aircraft in sight; opposite of "BLIND." 3. No Joy - Lost or no visual contact with the target/bandit; opposite of TALLY. 4. Blind - Lost visual contact with appropriate friendly aircraft. Generally means that the wingman lost sight of a flight lead. The opposite of this is VISUAL. 5. ANGELS: Altitude expressed in thousands of feet. Angels 20 means 20,000 ft. 6. BUG OUT: Separate from the engagement and head for a safe area or home. 7. Break (Up/Down/Right/Left): Directive to perform an immediate maximum performance turn. Assumes a defensive situation that requires immediate action. 8. DRAG/DRAGGING: (Direction) Bogey/Bandit maneuvering to 60 degrees or less aspect. Can also describe your own actions. 9. WINCHESTER: No ordnance remaining.
4 Brevity Codes (2/2) 10. Bracket - Indicates geometry where aircraft will maneuver to a position on opposing sides of a given point / target, either laterally / vertically/ or a combination of both. Basically, it is a relatively short-range pincer maneuver. 11. Press - Continue the attack; mutual support will be maintained. 12. Continue - Continue present maneuver; does not imply clearance to engage or to shoot. 13. BINGO / BINGO FUEL: A predetermined fuel quantity that is required to safely return to base ENGAGED: Maneuvering with respect to a threat or target in order to kill or negate an attack. 15. COVER: Directive R/T to assume supporting role and responsibilities.
5 In general, flying as element (2-ship) in a tactical formation is the most efficient way of fighting because: 1. You can achieve maximum mutual support and visual cross-cover during defensive engagements. 2. You can achieve maximum maneuverability during offensive engagements. 3. To assign definite responsilities to each member of the element. Never break up your formation into less than two-ship elements. Stay in pairs. A man by himself is a liability, a two-ship is an asset. If you are separated, join up immediately with other friendly airplanes. Major Thomas B. Tommy McGuire, USAAF (P-38 Ace)
6 The Fighting Wing Doctrine: 1. Also known as the welded wing. 2. The fighting wing leader essentially fights the bandit 1v1, while the wingman hangs on for dear life. 3. Echelon most used as formation. Spread and trail also effective. Advantages Concetration of firepower. Leader is maneuvering two aircrafts. New (inexperienced) pilots can be used very effectively as wingman. Good view of leader s rear hemisphere by wingman. Disadvantages Reduced visual coverage of wingman s six. Lack of offensive efficiency: 1v1 Hard to keep FW in high-g BFM. Used with limited success in Korea and Vietnam by USAF.
7 The Double Attack Doctrine: 1. More fluid, with each aircraft supporting each other and coordinating the attacks. 2. There is still a leader and a wingman, but the roles of engaged/free aircraft may change during the engagement. 3. Free fighter has a defensive role but is ready to become Engaged fighter if called. 4. Echelon, combat spread and trail formations can be used. Advantages Offensive very effecient: true 2v1. Excellent view of both aircraft rear hemisphere, especially in spread. Disadvantages Requires extensive training for good coordination. Communications are critical. Developed in the Spanish Civil War by Werner Molders. Luftwaffe used extensivelly it in WWII. Most common doctrine in use.
8 The Loose Deuce Doctrine: 1. Variation on the Double Atack, developed by US Navy during Vietnam. 2. Free-fighter is also offensive. 3. Combat spread most used. Free Fighter makes the kill! Main difference between Double Attack and Loose Deuce: Double Attack: Engaged fighter is expected to get the kill. Supporting fighter stays out leader s way and supports but is ready to become engaged fighter if called upon. Loose Deuce: Free fighter usually gets the kill. Engaged fighter sets the kill while the free fighter maneuvers to kill, spliting time 50/50 between offensive and defensive responsibilities. Why let rank lead, when ability can do it better? Commander Randy Duke Cunningham, USN (F-4 Vietnam`s Ace)
9 Double Attack Loose Deuce 1. Prior to the attack Lead Wingman Visual coverage of wingman s six. Search for targets. Visual coverage of leader s six. Search for targets. Visual coverage of wingman s six. Search for targets. Visual coverage of leader s six. Search for targets. 2. During the engagement Engaged Fighter Attack and destroy the target. Call free fighter if offensive advantage is threatened. Maintain offensive pressure on the bogey to force it into a predictable flight path for the free fighter. Free Fighter Remain in the general area. Improve energy. Keep tally on bandit. Lookout for other bandits Kill the badit as quickly as possible, without placing himself in danger. Watch for other bandits.
10 Opening Moves in Double Attack and Loose Deuse Doctrine As soon as the bandit chooses one fighter (2), the engaged/free fighter roles are defined. Free At the beggining of the maneuver (1), both fighters are engaged. Engaged Maneuver should start at about 3-4k from the bandit. Too early? Bandit can defeat it! Too late? No separation on the head-on. Can be performed vertically. Engaged fighter must fly best possible merge.
11 Opening Moves in Loose Deuse Doctrine 2. The Drag (Offensive) Bandit The free fighter must kill the bandit as quickly as possible while the engaged fighter is outside the bandits weapons range. Engaged Free At the begining of the maneuver (1), the engaged fighter starts to fly away from the bandit, cranking or even notching. Very usefull if one aircraft is low on weapons or bandit is superior. Maneuver is risky and requires good coordination. Start distance depends on weapon capabilities.
12 Further Moves in Double Attack and Loose Deuse Doctrine 3. The Defensive Split (defensive) At (3), the engaged fighter should be ready to defeat a snapshot Engaged Bandit is attacking the element (1). The defensive split forces the bandit to comit to one fighter. Free Maneuver should start to defeat guns attack Free fighter (loose deuce) should kill the bandit as quick as possible.
13 Further Moves in Double Attack and Loose Deuse Doctrine 4. The Thatch Weave (defensive) At (2), the free fighter should take a guns snap shot Engaged Bandit is attacking the element (1). He chooses one fighter. Free
14 Further Moves in Double Attack and Loose Deuse Doctrine 5. The Sandwich (defensive) At (2), the free fighter should take a guns snap shot or engage the attacker with AAM. Engaged Bandit is attacking the element (1). He chooses one fighter. Free Free fighter (loose deuce) should kill the bandit as quick as possible. Remembers a drag from an defensive start.
15 Fights on!!!
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