Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) as Indicators of Ecosystem Changes
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1 Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) as Indicators of Ecosystem Changes Magaly Chambellant and Steve H. Ferguson ArcticNet 7 th Annual Scientific Meeting
2 Ringed seal biology small and long lived phocid northern circumpolar distribution ice-dependent J. Moran
3 P. Nicklen Poster by D. Yurkowski #155 pupping from Mansfield 1967 weaning/mating W. Turnbull J. Stewart winter spring moult territoriality break-up autumn summer J. B. Dunn freeze-up intense feeding P. Nicklen C. Nozères
4 Ringed seal biology sensitive to environmental changes light/heavy ice and early/late break-up rain in spring insufficient snow depth ringed seals could face critical challenges with current climatic trends, especially at southern limit of species range
5 Study site Arviat in western Hudson Bay first long-time series data for ringed seals ( ) Arviat Hudson Bay
6 Objectives asses role of environment and understand mechanisms involved in ringed seal population dynamics in the western Hudson Bay ecosystem provide management advice baard naess
7 Life-history 1990s 2000s Percent pups in fall harvest Pregnancy rate (%) Median age (yr) 9 4 Age at maturity/first parturition (yr) 5.4 / / 5.5 Growth/length (cm) decline increase
8 Summary Year
9 Summary Ringed seal density (seals/km 2 ice) Year
10 Ringed seal density (seals/km 2 ice) Introduction El Niño/NAO/Pinatubo heavy ice Summary Year
11 Predation pressure heavy ice - late break-up hunting season lemmings seal pups Introduction P. Nicklen early 1990s body condition natality lemmings
12 Diet composition Fish=95% Invertebrates=5% Arctic cod Capelin Other Invertebrates Sand lances IG=75% Other Fish Rainbow smelt Amphipods Other cods Sculpins Global importance index (%)
13 Temporal variation Diet * Sand lances Sculpins Arctic cod Global importance index (IG) low sand lances benthic prey Other cods Rainbow smelt Capelin Other fish Amphipods Other invertebrates Year
14 Temporal variation 100 Global importance index (IG) Sand lances Sculpins Year
15 Temporal variation * Sand lances Sculpins Arctic cod Global importance index (IG) more diverse Other cods Rainbow smelt Capelin Other fish Amphipods Other invertebrates Year
16 Specialization Total energy consumed (MJ) r 2 = Sand lances IG
17 Environment r 2 =0.52 p=0.028 Sand lances IG Break-up date (Julian day)
18 population dynamics follow decadal cycle heavy ice in early 1990s low sand lances energy loss nutritional stress low reproductive output low pup survival decrease abundance I. Stirling bottom-up and top-down processes D. Getty Ringed seal density (seals/km 2 ice) Year
19 good indicator species of ecosystem changes long-term monitoring needed J. Moran
20 Acknowledgments Ian Stirling and Nick Lunn Sebastián Luque Becky Sjare and Dave McKinnon Lois Harwood Tara Bortoluzzi, J. Blair Dunn, Ashley Gaden, Megan Jack, Trish Kelley, Lisa Loseto, Tracy Loewen, Cory Matthews, Brent Young Frank Nutarasungnik, hunters and HTO from Arviat, NU Nunavut Wildlife Management Board Canadian Wildlife Service - Environment Canada Nunavut Implementation Fund
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