Special Agent Alex Moss US Embassy, Jakarta. 12 December 2013

Transcription

1 FORCE PROTECTION DETACHMENT Indonesia Special Agent Alex Moss US Embassy, Jakarta 12 December 2013 UNCLASSIFIED

2 AGENDA THREAT UPDATE IED TTPs TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES MITIGATE THE THREAT

3 THREAT UPDATE Extremist groups/organizations continue to utilize IEDs to attack targets in an attempt to discredit security efforts. Terrorist groups will continue to utilize IEDs and entice security forces into prepared ambushes. Indonesia review of IED attacks: - Suicide bombers - Churches - Book bombs / Police / Government Offices

4 THREAT UPDATE - TERRORISM / EXTREMISM Terrorist organizations in Indonesia: - Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) - JAT (Bashir s group: formerly JI) Terrorist Incidents Since 2004 Bali Terrorist Bombing October 2002 Bali Bombing (12 OCT 2002) 202 Foreigners/Indonesians killed; 209 injured Method of Delivery: Suicide backpack bomber followed by parked car (VBIED) Perpetrator: JI J.W. Marriott bombing (05 AUG 2003) 16 killed, 150 injured Method of Deliver: Suicide car bomb (VBIED) Perpetrator: JI Australian Embassy bombing (09 SEP 2004) 9 Indonesian deaths Method of Delivery: Car Bomb (VBIED) Perpetrator: JI Second Bali Bombing (01 OCT 2005) 20 killed, 120 injured 3 suicide backpack bombers Perpetrator: JI Jakarta Hotel Bombing (17 July 2009) Targeted JW Marriott and Ritz-Carlton Hotels 7 Fatalities, 50 injured Method of Delivery: Suicide backpack bomber & Timed Device in Hotel Room Perpetrator: JI Mosque & Church Suicide Bombings (Apr/Sep 2011) West Java/Cirebon & Central Java/Solo Religious extremism 2 Fatalities (bombers), 52+ injured Method of Delivery: Suicide bomber Perpetrator: Extremists

5 IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES Who are IED s designed to take out? -Up to now, security force/personnel soft targets, vehicles, patrolling units. -Any time a group of security personnel are a soft target or unaware is a perfect situation for employing an IED Where are we currently finding IED s? -Primarily along the MSRs and main routes of travel Why use an IED? -An IED is low cost. More Bang for the Buck -Easily disguised, and exposes the terrorist to a low risk of exposure when attacking -Anonymity after the event to a bomb-maker is worth the risks of building the bomb -Psychological warfare at its most vicious level

6 When can you expect an IED attack? - 24 Hours a day: Because of the reduced exposure time compared to a traditional ambush, anytime is a good time for IED Strike - Morning time. IEDs are placed under cover of darkness - Periods of reduced visibility Methods used to detonate IEDs: - Command detonated devices - Hard wired - electrical wires between devices and/or leading away from the bomb (daisy chained devices) - Remote controlled (battery powered doorbell devices, pagers, cell phones as senders and receiving units) -Tall buildings or line of sight Observation Points will be near by. Many controllers require a direct line of sight to activate the receiver and detonate.

7 IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED) TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs) One of the greatest threats to convoys / escorts Usually command detonated - wire or remote Materials currently being used for IEDs: 155 Rounds, anti-tank mines, diesel fuel in cans, ANFO in cans, rockets, mortar rounds, etc. Basically, if it can explode, it s being used

8 IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED) TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs) INNOVATIVE EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IEDs) can be disguised as anything or hidden anywhere: - Trash in the roadway, cigarette cartons, trash bags, soda cans, milk cans, buckets, burlap bags, cinder blocks, potholes, tied to telephone poles, in guard rails and in animal carcasses VERY HARD to spot IEDs at convoy speeds - There is A LOT of debris on the side of the roadway in 99.9% of it is just trash

9 WHAT DO IEDs LOOK LIKE? The problem with IEDs is they can look like any common object. EOD has found: Black plastic garbage bags (with 130mm artillery rounds wired in series) A Bus (with a grenade attached to the fuel tank) Milk cartons, Pepsi cans, cigarette cartons (with plastique or C4) Burlap bags (using artillery rounds) A pothole in the road filled in with dirt and an explosive charge Refrigerator compressor (filled with high explosives and re-welded) MRE bag (bomb platform; common item; easily disguised) Cars, trucks, vans (older models, worn so as not to draw attention) Beware of a beater with worn shocks and springs; overloaded, trash on seats; good tires on a junk car. This is a one-way trip, driver wants no flats Pipe bombs (Some of the most renowned IED specialists in EOD have fallen victim to low yield pipe bombs) Dog carcasses filled with explosives

10 IEDs

11 IEDs

12 IEDs

13 IEDs

14 IEDs

15 IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED) TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs) The Basic No Frills IED Attack IED Placed on Shoulder Mil/Civ Convoy Direction of Traffic Median Strip Median Strip Median Strip Typical Iraqi 4 lane highway Variation: IED Placed in the Median Strip

16 IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED) TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs) The Broken Down Vehicle IED Attack Stopped fake Broken Down vehicle canalizes military traffic into close proximity to IED Direction of Traffic Median Strip Median Strip Median Strip IED

17 IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED) TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs) Easily seen Fake IED The Fiendishly Clever IED Attack Lead vehicle sees fake IED and stops. The convoy stops behind it. Real IEDs on flanks of stopped convoy are then command detonated Visible Wires The Real IEDs Daisy Chained Together Direction of Traffic Median Strip Median Strip Median Strip

18 N THREAT IED TTP: - Components are assembled before emplacement - Takes seconds to emplace - IED camouflaged, looks like trash or part of curb - Attackers are familiar with area - Have rehearsed attack - Known distance from trigger point to IED - IED emplaced on or near over and underpasses - Threat uses terrain to avoid capture - Trigger man within meters of IED - Utilize OP to signal on-coming US Convoy - Trigger man targets second or last US vehicle S Remote Detonated IED Trigger Man Remote Detonation Devices: Car Alarms Garage Door Openers Remote Keyless Entry Cellular Telephones Trigger Man Line of Site/Observation Remote Detonation Meters IED KILL ZONE - Car Alarms, Keyless Entry, Garage Door Openers Cell Phones used to remote detonate IED - OP Vehicle faking car problems - Local population knows who attackers are - Trigger man utilizes residence for concealment - Trigger man disposes of remote detonation device - Trigger man blends into local population - If IED discovered, trigger man remains in place to target EOD and follow-on forces IED Initiation Trigger- Known distance to IED Residential Area Vehicular OP departs target area OP Signals Trigger Man

19 WHAT CAN YOU DO TO MITIGATE THE THREAT? Keep Alert: Make yourself a Hard Target Be Prepared for IED Attack Followed by Ambush Be and Appear Vigilant Personnel Who Look Ready to Fight Back Make Bad Targets Bad Guys Wait for the Next Convoy

20 WHAT CAN YOU DO TO MITIGATE THE THREAT? Maintain convoy / escort speed when possible Maintain vehicle dispersion Be extra cautious at choke points - Vehicle Breakdowns - Bridges, one way roads, traffic jams, sharp turns, etc If something causes the convoy to stop, watch your flanks for IEDs (Post Ops)

21 WHAT CAN YOU DO TO MITIGATE THE THREAT? (Tactical Situation) Be aware Vests and helmets save lives Wear Them! Glasses save eyesight - Shrapnel in Sunglasses after IED attack will save your eyes Intel reports that a Blue X on rocks indicates an IED site

22 WHAT CAN YOU DO TO MITIGATE THE THREAT? Rehearse actions on contact for an IED Get out of the Kill Zone fast Do NOT approach the IED Person was killed doing this when the IED was command detonated as the Soldier inspected it

23 WHAT CAN YOU DO TO MITIGATE THE THREAT? Before every escort or convoy, brief your personnel on latest IED threat: What they are using and where they have been emplaced before on the route Get security forces in the right frame of mind Thinking about IEDs Do it every time for every convoy NO excuses!!!

24 WHAT CAN YOU DO TO MITIGATE THE THREAT? Trust your instincts. Items you see may make you nervous about the situation or the item It may be the people watching you that makes you nervous or the body language or stress people show may know that something is out there If people move away from you. You know your zone, you have a feel for what is normal. If it doesn t feel right move out rapidly and report it Are the familiar locals there or have they left the area? Knowing your AOR and its inhabitants is a great tool for detection Most bombers don t blow up their own neighborhoods and they do not like their pictures taken Presence of news crews may be an indicator. Bomber does not want his picture taken, but he loves to have his dirty work on film.

25 SUMMARY IEDs are a very real threat to escorts, convoys and forces IEDs are disguised as almost anything Get out of kill zone fast and keep moving Be aware and look vigilant, especially when forced to slow down for a disabled vehicle or an accident Always brief your personnel on IEDs before leaving

26 FORCE PROTECTION FORCE PROTECTION IS EVERYONE S BUSINESS! Security personnel need the eyes and ears of ALL personnel!

27 FORCE PROTECTION DETACHMENT QUESTIONS? Special Agent Alex Moss US Embassy, Jakarta 12 December 2013 UNCLASSIFIED