The Story of LSD. The Story of LSD. Hard Line on Drugs. Hard Line on Drugs. Changing of the Times

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1 The Story of LSD The Story of LSD Most well known derivative of ergot is LSD: Acronym is from the German, LysergSaure-Diethylamid. In English, Lysergic Acid Diethyamide. Introduction. Became popular in the mid 1960 s. Thought to have been responsible for changing our society.. Society in the late 50 s and early 60 s was already changing. "The prevailing view during the 1940s and '50s was that alcoholics were weak on willpower, and if they ended up on the streets, they probably deserved to be there. Alcoholics were a group that was considered at the bottom of the patient pecking order at that time. Everyone looked down on them, including the community, hospital staff, and even our mentally ill patients. The inebriates had a lower status than the schizophrenics and the manic depressives, or even the kleptomaniacs or pedophiles. Dan Anderson, addiction treatment pioneer Hard Line on Drugs Reefer Madness, a 1936 propaganda film telling of the evils of marijuana. On line at: Hard Line on Drugs Marihuana, another 1936 propaganda film. Changing of the Times Changes in society s value began. 1

2 Discrimination common place in certain parts of country: Beginning of Civil Rights Movement: December 1, 1955; Rosa Parks Segregated fountain Back of the Bus Significant dates in civil rights: February 1, 1960; Four black students, in Greensboro, North Carolina, were refused service at food counter. Origin of sit-ins Significant dates in civil rights: May 4, 1961; Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) sent freedom riders into South to integrate bus, rail and airport terminals. Peaceful to militant: Nation of Islam Free Speech Movement 1964: University of California, Berkley campus. Student rights to use campus facilities to promote civil rights Elijah Muhammad Malcolm X 2

3 1950s Rhythm & Blues Fats Dominos,Chuck Berry and Little Richard Rhythm & Blues Alan Freed played the colored music on radio to dismay of many white parents Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins and Johnny Burnett 1950s Rock Around the Clock

4 Cultural Changes: Movies Cultural Changes: Movies Cultural Changes: Movies 1957 The Story of LSD Introduction Lot of changes occurred in our society during early 50 s So not all radical changes that occurred was due to LSD and baby boomer generation. US Army experimented with LSD on its personnel Suspended experiments after discovery. The Story of LSD Introduction (continued) CIA also experimented with LSD. Inadvertently led to drug culture of 60 s. Lee, Martin A. and Bruce Shlain Acid Dreams, The CIA, LSD and the Sixties Rebellion. Grove Press, Inc. New York. The Discovery of LSD Albert Hofmann, chemist, Sandoz Laboratories, in Basel, Switzerland. LSD-25 first tested as a circulatory stimulant in Results negative. Retested again in Hofmann inadvertently came in contact with LSD-25. Hofmann tried it again! LSD, My Problem Child 4

5 The Discovery of LSD At about the same time: General William Donovan, Chief of Office of Strategic Services (OSS), predecessor to CIA, searching for speech inducing drug. Mescaline, heroin, cocaine and many other drugs tested. The Discovery of LSD At about the same time (continued): Project continued after WWII, when CIA was formed, in Retested drugs used by OSS and also new drugs, including LSD. Werner Stoll published first paper on psychological properties of LSD. Paper got attention of CIA and tested it on a volunteer military personnel. CIA s experimentation with LSD: Research goal for LSD became confused. Field experiments with LSD. A definite goal for LSD set in mid 1950 s. Research with LSD, outside of CIA. Between 1950 to mid 1960 s, over 1000 clinical paper on LSD. CIA provided grants for LSD research. Research with LSD, outside of CIA. Between 1950 to mid 1960 s, over 1000 clinical paper on LSD. Oscar Janiger conducted research in California from Administered LSD to over 900 patients during this time. Some well known Hollywood celebrities. Research with LSD, outside of CIA (continued). Chemical Corps of the Army Army abandoned LSD research Alfred Hubbard, high level officer in OSS, during WWII Johnny Appleseed of LSD Alfred Hubbard, high level officer in OSS, during WWII (continued) Humphry Osmond, one of Hubbard s co-workers, a doctor, experimented with LSD. Used LSD to treat alcoholism. Change belief system of world leaders. Hubbard s status in U.S. and Canada enable him to get large supplies of LSD. 5

6 known to the public: Seventeen page article in Life Magazine concerning Psilocybe, hallucinogenic mushrooms in Mexico, by Gordon Wasson, in Timothy Leary greatly influenced by this article. known to public (continued): Leary was a well respected research psychologist at the time. Consumption of Psilocybe mushroom changed his life. Research with mushroom: Good Friday Experiment Concord Prison Experiment known to public (continued): Leary introduced to LSD by Michael Hollingshead. Leary made LSD known to public with published article, in Leary and Albert s relationship with Harvard became strained. LSD commonly used on Harvard campus by this time. known to public (continued): Leary and Albert were eventually dismissed from Harvard. Leary and Albert took their story to news media. Leary becomes LSD guru and became a well known recreational drug. Availability of LSD comes to an end During mid 1960 s, American Medical Association and Food and Drug Administration denounced LSD. LSD was not used to treat any specified disorder. Led to law requiring drugs to be effective for the condition for which they are marketed. Availability of LSD comes to an end Robert Kennedy was last opponent to fight law to make LSD illegal. In 1968, Congress passed law that LSD was an illicit drug and was a misdemeanor. LSD continued to be used by CIA. 6

7 LSD Advocates A LSD Sports Story Dock Ellis 1970 no-hitter The Road to Eleusis Book puts forth theory that ergot extract was used in ceremony every September, in ancient Greek. Authors: Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann and Carl Ruck. Eleusis was 20 kilometers, NW of Athens. Celebrate reunification of Demeter and her daughter Persephone from underworld. A nine day event! The Road to Eleusis Book puts forth theory that ergot extract was used in ceremony every September, in ancient Greek (continued). Participants ingested kykeon. Strain of ergot that was contained induced convulsive ergotism. 7