National Umpires Seminar

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2 National Umpires Seminar

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5 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 1 Preparation Preparation is all important, even for the most experienced umpire: Review Call book, Rapid response and Appendix C and SI s Prepare Equipment, spare batteries etc Steer the boats to understand their response; what can and can t be done: If not possible, then observe the boats prior to racing If not the 1 st Match, then shadow-umpire the preceding matches to get up to speed Know the boats in your match: Check the flags and assigned ends of your match pair Try to avert these penalties prior to entry Observe wind conditions, line bias etc

6 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 2 The Chief Umpire Extra responsibilities: Link between Race Committee and Umpires Spokesman at briefings, functions and press conferences Controls on-water protest hearings unless separate Jury Chairman Umpire assignments and tasks Chairs pre-race and post-race briefings/debrief ISAF Match Race Report Forms D 3 Initial Umpire Team Meeting Involves all umpires and observers if used Held in advance of 1 st meeting with skippers to ensure any problems can be rectified Umpire tasks are assigned Umpires should be prepared with any concerns with SI s, boats etc Checklist Umpires Manual Section D Page 30 D 4 Umpires Meeting with Race Committee Usually by Chief Umpire Held in advance of 1 st meeting with skippers to ensure any problems can be rectified Checklist Umpires Manual Section D Page 32

7 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 5 Umpires Meeting with Competitors After practice racing but before first race Usually follows meeting of Race Committee with competitors which umpires should also attend Content depends on level of the event Be helpful and do not belittle competitors in front of their peers One method - request questions in writing and answer them in writing Every competitor then receives same information Any relevant issues raised at umpires meeting Where debriefs will be conducted

8 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 6 Post-Race Debriefings Opportunity for competitors AND umpires to learn DO NOT cover up mistakes, own up quickly and graciously You will gain far more respect from the competitors this way Use magnetic models and white board if possible so all can see Get competitor to use models to explain the situation Umpires can then respond with their view of the incident Any rules interpretation issue can be resolved easily If the facts from each are in dispute then get the other competitor to give their version Leave everybody clear on the issue If this happens then this is the call Or if this happens then this is the call A differing view on an incident does not necessarily mean one party is lying A different perspective must be taken into account Avoid any aggressive behaviour Remind competitors that all are present to learn not argue

9 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 8 Radio Communication Kept to a minimum, especially when boats in prestart Priority to match in prestart Preface calls with Match number Eg: Match two, clear one length D 9 Using a Radio CLARITY - Do not slur; get your message clear in your mind before you speak CONCISENESS - Keep every message as short as possible RHYTHM - Divide messages into sensible phrases SPEED - Speak more slowly than normal VOLUME - Same as normal conversation, shouting causes a distorted transmission Call sign this is Call sign, eg: Umpire Two this is Umpire One Over = end of message - require a response Out = end of transmission Best to talk past the microphone, not directly into it as it causes distortion

10 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 10 Umpire Equipment As a minimum each umpire should provide his/her own: Whistle and a spare Waterproof notebook Wet weather gear Sunscreen Many umpires provide: VHF Radio/UHF Radio Digital Dictaphone Spare batteries Umpire flags Umpire boat identification flags Electrical Tape Umpires should hold a valid Powerboat licence

11 D 11 Umpire Interaction Basic Principle: RIGHTS REASONS OBLIGATIONS OPPORTUNITIES MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Sit close and talk loud and clear enough for each umpire to be heard Communication MUST be two-way: LISTEN to the other umpire Any difference of opinion MUST be resolved immediately Give feedback - state I Agree whenever it applies Rapidly developing situations are difficult to keep pace with: Aim to call more of the obligations and opportunities than rights and reasons Concentrate on calling the most relevant issue

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13 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 12 Umpires' Instantaneous Calls Confirm with other umpire prior to racing how you will make these calls Need calls to cover the following situations: Close hauled (after tacking) Port/Starboard (after gybing) Head to wind Tacking (passed head to wind) Overlapped Seventeen (subject to RRS 17.1) Clear Zone Changing course Time constraints requires multiple information to be relayed: EG: during a slam dunk, the call clear will mean tack is completed, boats are on the same tack but not overlapped.

14 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Call Negative instead of No Most common calls: Clear = no overlap Seventeen = overlap from clear astern within two lengths, ie: 17.1 Overlap = overlap not subject to 17.1 Tacking = passed head to wind Zone clear = clear ahead/astern at two lengths from mark or obstruction Zone overlap = overlapped at two lengths from mark or obstruction Luffing = altering course Boom - Sail - Port/Stbd = Process of gybing, 13.2 Contact = contact between the boats or mark Port/Starboard = complete Port/Starboard Technical = overlap due to bow rail or angles of bow and stern where leeward boat can luff without making contact

15 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 13 Wing Umpires Referred to as Wing One etc and not umpire Should be present during all umpire deliberations Must be set up to perform umpiring if called to do so. ie: flags, shapes etc Task usually performed by umpires on a rotational basis Provide extra information that may or may not be utilised by the umpires D 14 On-Board Observers Used on larger boats Advantage in that they are much closer to the action and are never out of position Disadvantaged in that distance calls are difficult to make due to perspective Must ensure weights of the observer pairs are matched Should attend all umpire deliberations Should not stay with the same team throughout Need to be agile to escape into cockpit in tight situations

16 D 15 Penalty Signals Whistle: Penalty flag: MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Comes first to announce a decision is about to be signalled Blown loud and long enough to be recognised by all parties, spectators etc Must inform BOTH the competitors and spectators of the decision Hold flag for at least 10 seconds to allow anyone obscured to see it Best to not signal during a mark rounding or in tight manoeuvres but allow a short delay before signalling Red flag and second penalties: Mistakes: Delay if boat is approaching mark and can not take the penalty before the mark At top mark, signal before lead boat hoists spinnaker as effect of penalty increases Reduce errors by grabbing the flag by the cloth and confirming with the other umpire first If you make a mistake, admit it, don t try to cover it up

17 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Display coloured shape to indicate outstanding penalty as soon as possible: Flags may be used as well and placed in a holder Be careful not to miss further incidents developing Give one short whistle the moment the penalty is complete: Important when penalty taken close to the finish line Incomplete penalties: Signalled by multiple whistles and pointing at the shape Spinnaker head above goose neck between head to wind and close hauled Entered two length zone of rounding mark while taking penalty Penalty not completed as soon as possible Black flag: Stowed well away Take your time to ensure the flag is warranted Some Chief Umpires prefer to be consulted first

18 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Inter Match Penalties: If your match is well separated, follow the boat that could interact with a preceding or following match Both match umpire pairs should discuss incident Only the umpire pair of the boat that infringed shall signal the penalty Either umpire pair may signal a green and white flag Red Flag Penalties: Change of control by breaking a rule Conditions for second penalty are not met ie: gained advantage after allowing for penalty Red flag should be displayed with coloured flag or soon after If displayed after, do not display another coloured flag

19 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 16 Umpire More Consistently Strive for consistency Reduce the grey area, ie. using the green and white flag because of uncertainty Some situations require a penalty to both boats - Twin Penalty D 17 Signalling Signals from boats to umpires: Y flags must be displayed clearly Arm signals for RRS 19.1 Red flags displayed as soon as possible Signals from umpires to boats or wing umpires: Flags displayed clearly for 10 seconds minimum Umpire initiated penalty for mark touches - repeatedly patting the top of your head Umpire wants a call from wing - umpire repeatedly moves arm up and down

20 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Signals from Wing Umpire to Umpire: Overlap/Affirmative - arm raised vertically above head Clear - arm held out horizontally Contact - repeatedly patting top of head Unclear situation - no signal or arms by side D 18 Umpire and Wing Boat Etiquette, Positioning Upwind: Do not position abeam and to windward in case boat tacks Be aware of wash on trailing boat if one is well ahead Downwind: For overlaps, go to the windward but be careful of wash on trailing boat Do not position directly upwind of a boat Marks Be careful with the forbidden V s

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22 Noise: MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Do not follow close astern of a boat except when necessary Engine and radio noise can be a distraction In light weather, keep voices down to a minimum to not carry to the boats Crossing: Never pass between the two boats of any match except in the prestart if absolutely necessary Never cross the bow of a boat unless absolutely necessary Other Matches: Be aware of boats in other matches and reduce wash when they approach Wing Umpires: Same principles apply

23 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 19 Visitors on Umpire Boats Good for observers and trainee umpires Occasionally sponsors Be wary that increased weight does not have an adverse effect on handling Conversations are confidential - What goes on tour stays on tour D 20 Red-flag Protests Firstly determine nature of protest and relay to Chief Umpire or Jury Chairman Involve skipper of other boat whenever possible Simplified procedures in App C allow for speedy decisions but ensure boat is given their day in court. ie: hear their evidence before making a decision outright Postpone hearings that will cause a delay until end of round/day Redress requests: Flag must be displayed ASAP and not later than 2 mins after finishing Involve skipper of other boat whenever possible

24 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 21 Umpiring Team Assignments Experience level must be considered: At lower events - experienced and less experienced umpire on each match Avoid potential conflicts of interest due to nationality ie: Two AUS umpires umpiring an AUS vs NZ final Rotate umpires: Achieves better consistency Improves learning Allows better assessment of umpires Team building All umpires should expect time in the wing boat Personal relationships should be put aside

25 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 22 On-Shore Duties Specific tasks are usually allocated at umpire briefing Team effort - both umpires responsible to ensure all tasks are completed Typical tasks: Boat fuelled and oiled Umpire flags, ID flag and shapes on board Radio charged and on board Check Notice Board Lunch and drinks on board Check personal umpiring equipment Refuel boat Ensure boat is tied up correctly Return radio at end of day and put on charge if necessary Remove your garbage at end of day Ensure report forms are filled in and returned D 23 Incident Report Forms Some Chief Umpires require incident report forms for each Y Flag incident Can be useful to highlight which rules are creating problems

26 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 24 Explaining Decisions to Competitors Umpires must be willing and able to explain all their calls Take notes or use Dictaphone to record all incidents, match and flight number On water Quickly explain reason for the call Further discussion should be kept for debrief at days end Ask competitors to take a note of the situation as well Don t get into an argument, simply motor away At Debrief Get competitor to give their version on a whiteboard so all can see One of the match umpires should explain the reason for the call If there is disagreement on the facts, get the other competitor to give their version Don t belittle or argue with the competitors If one party is agitated or abusive, explain all are there to learn, not argue Ensure all have a clear understanding before moving on o ie If this happened, then this is the call o OR If this happened, then this is the call

27 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING D 25 One on One communications with competitors or rules advisors Important not to be seen as too close to a competitor or coach etc Best to ensure you are in the company of others when meeting competitors Ensure you are clear that it is your opinion and not necessarily that of the whole team If you do give incorrect advice, then make sure you correct yourself asap Never criticise your fellow umpires or other competitors to competitors D 26 Explaining Decisions to the Public Be prepared to explain your decisions over the radio to the public Be clear on what you will say first Only do this when there is a break in the action, umpiring comes first D 27 Press Conferences and Individual Meetings with the Press Usually the duties of the chief umpire Make broad statements about the days racing Leave discussions about the incident for the debrief with competitors Be careful making statements to media, usually refer to chief umpire

28 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Refer Umpires Manual Section D, page 30

29 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Refer Umpires Manual Section D, page 32

30 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING Refer Umpires Manual Section D, page 37

31 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING E 2 Entering the Pre-Start Area Be aware of mark touches at pin and boat end Boats must be outside line 90 o to start line - Don t be pedantic about a few cm s Anchor chain is not part of the mark RC will signal if boats do not fully cross line in 2 minute period - C4.2 Decide which of the first cross scenarios is likely and position the umpire boat accordingly E 3 Close-Hauled, Particularly after Tacking Umpires must be sure when boats reach close hauled Best to observe boats prior to racing E 4 Gybing Umpires must be certain mainsail has filled Call is boom, sail, port/starboard to indicate the process E 5 Head to Wind Must be certain that a boat has passed head to wind - Refer Gen Call 1 False indications like backing headsails and wind indicators are not accurate

32 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING E 6 Room to Keep Clear Take conditions into account Was the keep clear boat initially keeping clear Did the keep clear boat respond promptly Consider following scenarios Alteration by Blue across Yellow s bow after position 1 is not considered keeping clear - Penalise Blue

33 MECHANICS OF UMPIRING A B On approach to start line Yellow establishes an overlap very close to Blue At position B, Yellow has not given Blue room and should be penalised under RRS 15 If Yellow immediately bears away after establishing the overlap and gives Yellow room then no rule has been broken. C

34 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 7 Fish-tail On the final approach to start boats will fish tail to avoid / create an overlap Decide if overlap was caused by lead boat bearing away in which case RRS 15 does not apply

35 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 8 Approaching the Starting Marks Very important to agree when the boats are approaching to start for RRS 18 and 19 Refer Ump 13 E 9 Close Tacking Important calls are The moment the boat passes head to wind The moment the boat reaches close hauled If there is an overlap or not before the boat reaches close hauled Did right of way boat need to alter course to avoid E 10 Slam Dunk Most important call is the establishment of the overlap Does 17.1 apply or not Must anticipate this manoeuvre and place umpire boat accordingly Must also look for any alteration by leeward boat before tack is completed Leeward boat not restricted by RRS 15 but is by RRS 16

36 E11 Dial down Refer Ump 20 Important calls are UMPIRING SCENARIOS Did starboard boat bear away past 90 degrees to the breeze If she did, was the port boat required to alter course to avoid her as a result of the bear away Starboard can bear away downwind as long as it is sufficiently far enough away from Port If Starboard does dial down Port and gybes with an outstanding penalty She completes her penalty correctly and should be signalled as such Should not be subject to an umpire initiated penalty unless C8.3(b)applies The Port boat should Y flag and the umpires penalise as per Ump 20. The umpires could then decide if C8.3(a) applies

37 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 12 Proper Course Essential to determine proper courses early on the downwind leg Observe breeze strength, pole angle, wind indicators Constantly monitor position of next mark Penalise only when certain E 13 Sailing above Proper Course Downwind Be aware of for momentary breaks in the overlap Double gybe by leeward boat creates a new overlap Entire sail must cross centre line before she changes tack Must keep clear until the sail fills If boat is almost clear ahead Be prepared for quick luff to break overlap Position umpire boat to windward to observe Clear ahead boat may bear away to create an overlap to force leeward to gybe Leeward does not have to anticipate the overlap Leeward must promptly bear away to her proper course or gybe once the overlap is established

38 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 14 Overlaps Don t forget about bow rails, stern rails and spinnakers creating overlaps Flag on stern does not count for overlaps Technical overlaps Where leeward boat can luff without contacting windward boat Windward boat must keep clear, RRS 15 protection disappears

39 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 15 Room at Marks Take conditions into account and re-evaluate as the day proceeds Some points to remember: 18.2(a) No mention of two length zone Inside boat gets room as long as room can be given when overlap begins If a boat that was clear ahead at the zone is overlapped outside by another boat then the inside boat gets room to tack around the mark. 18.2(b) Room continues event if the overlap at the zone is broken after 18.2(c) If the boat clear ahead tacks then she is subject to RRS 13

40 UMPIRING SCENARIOS 18.3 Changed for match racing If the boat that does not tack can avoid becoming overlapped then 18.2(c) applies 18.4 A boat clear ahead that becomes overlapped later becomes subject to 18.4 E 16 Touching a Mark must watch for mark touches as boats can not protest for this Be certain before penalising - a turning mark is not enough, you MUST see it Try to be even in your positioning for both boats E 17 Room at Continuing Obstructions Check the course area before racing to identify areas where this rule will apply All umpires should agree on a distance that is as close as you can sail Note: until the overlap begins RRS 10 or 12 will apply

41 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 18 Illegal Propulsion Be aware of SI s that add specific clauses re: shrouds Can not be Y flagged by boats only umpire initiated If you are certain, then penalise. No warning is necessary Be vigilant especially for roll tacks, close mark roundings and planning conditions E 19 Finishing Line Incidents If lead boat has a penalty or boats are close with an outstanding penalty Notify race committee Position yourself so Race Committee can see and hear your whistle Be prepared for penalty to be offset, ie: with mark trap A boat taking, or manoeuvring to take a penalty is not sailing her proper course Signal completion of a penalty the moment the boat assumes downwind course. Some situations require a penalty to be awarded after a boat finishes Be sure to notify race committee of your actions Umpires may also notify RC if spinnaker is out of normal position etc

42 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 20 Damage from Contact Boats must display a red flag ASAP and not later than 2 minutes after finishing Be vigilant to check for damage after contact during races Hold a post race hearing and notify Race Committee of damage. New ISAF policy on deduction of points for damage. E 21 Incidents with a Boat in Another Match Spare umpire should start calling the boat from the other match Be very clear which boat you are calling as there could be two Blue or two Yellow boats involved Any penalty should be given by umpires responsible for infringing boat E 22 Arm Signals (RRS 19) Must be made by the helmsman and be seen by umpires If no arm signal is made then signal for room to tack or you tack has not been made

43 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 23 Gaining an Advantage Umpires may penalise one or more times or black flag A penalty should result in a disadvantage to a boat relative to her opponent If it does not then C8.3(a) requires further penalties Examples Luffing boat the wrong side of a mark Illegally luffing and causing a boat to broach and lose time E 24 Deliberately Breaking a Rule Difficult to ascertain what is deliberate Call Book gives some guidance Examples Denying room at a mark when the overlap is obvious Avoiding OCS by not keeping clear of leeward boat Hailing for room to tack at start boat when clearly approaching to start

44 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 25 Gaining a Controlling Position - Red Flag Penalties Refer C6.5(b) A change of control must result from breaking a rule Boat must take penalty as soon as possible and does not offset outstanding penalty. Example Boat only marginally clear astern approaching leeward mark and takes room not entitled to her E 26 Good Sportsmanship Allow for heat of the moment outbursts but do not accept foul, abusive or personally denigrating language Don t hesitate to penalise for such breaches E 27 Other Umpire-Initiated Penalties Prestart entry penalties Note: if a boat is not outside her assigned end and has the wrong flag displayed then she only receives one penalty as she has only broken rule C4.1, albeit twice. Not taking a penalty as soon as possible ie: 2 nd penalty or red flag penalty

45 UMPIRING SCENARIOS E 28 Y-Flag Displays Must be displayed clearly do not respond to tentative displays of the Y flag Should be clearly linked to an incident Within 10 seconds of an incident Umpires should allow any manoeuvre to be completed first Should be one Y flag per incident E 29 Taking Penalties Be vigilant when a boat has an outstanding penalty Typically taken near laylines to top mark or at finish line Not within two lengths of rounding mark Finish marks are, therefore, OK Spinnaker head below gooseneck between head to wind and close hauled Must be completed as soon as reasonably possible Any tack on a leg to leeward or finish line Must return to downwind course Any gybe on a leg to windward Must return to close hauled

46 E 30 Incorrect Penalties UMPIRING SCENARIOS Signalled by repetitive whistles (at least four) and pointing to coloured shape or flag Signalled as soon as umpires are certain Note: Boat may start a penalty on one leg and complete it on another leg as long as she does not enter the two length zone. If a boat does not keep clear while taking a penalty then the other boat must Y flag E 31 Wing Boat Signals Wing umpires should only report facts not opinions Umpires do not have to accept wing umpire call if they are in a better position Typical wing umpire calls for: Overlaps, two length zone, contact, bow to bow, Y flag displayed etc

47 BOAT DRIVING AND POSITIONING D 7 Driving the Umpire Boat Learn the handling characteristics of the boat prior to the first match Preferable for an umpire to drive Use a spare umpire to drive in the finals Share the driving We can all improve our boat driving and positioning Try to be smooth with the throttle No point tossing the other umpire out of the boat Many boats fill up with water when going in reverse try to avoid if possible Anticipation of the next incident is the key Don t race to get to every position during the prestart - just the important ones As a rule of thumb Always turn away from the boats Avoid crossing the bow of a boat Mirroring the lead boat s moves during prestart can avoid being caught out Watch your wash, especially when on the race track Stay out of the Forbidden V s

48 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 1 As Boats Enter Umpire to leeward of pin and angled to follow boats after entering Wing Above Start Boat Follows starboard entry boat and calls luffing if required

49 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 16 Seven Scenarios for the First Cross P goes to windward Port tacks P goes to leeward Starboard gybes Both dial up Both dial down Port gybes

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53 UMPIRING POSITIONING When the boats initially lead away from the first cross scenario, in general: Umpires should mimic the lead boats course and speed Stay approx 2 lengths to leeward to allow lead boat to gybe without interference If the boats are close to overlap then the umpires should be in the gap astern ~ 2 boat Lengths

54 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 3 Pre-Start Same Tack Umpires should stay astern and viewing the gap If umpires are positioned to leeward in this case then they will be out of position when boats alter course

55 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 4 Turning Back Rule of thumb Always turn away from the boats not towards them This is quicker, easier and less wash on boats Umpires must be equally effective no matter which way the umpire boat is facing

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57 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 5 Approaching the line to start Position so as to see the gap during a hook Typically on the windward hip of the trailing boat Careful not to get too far advanced Be careful once past the tacking layline to the boat as the trailing boat may tack off Once sure `the trailing boat has been locked in to windward, move to leeward into the gap

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65 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 13 Rounding Marks In general the umpires follow in astern watching the gap The wing umpire position to make a zone call The following scenarios show how the umpires and wing umpires stay out of the forbidden v s

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67 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 12 The Forbidden V s Stay well out of the forbidden v s at the top and bottom marks Reduce wash as much as possible in these areas

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71 UMPIRE BOAT POSITIONING - WHAT ARE WE STRIVING FOR? Correct distance from the boats 90% of the time Correct angle to the boats 90% of the time Rapid response when out of position Low level of interference with any competitor boat Follow the basic position plans, modifying as appropriate Smooth transition between scenarios

72 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 8 Port and Starboard Crossings Umpires usually astern of port tack boat Wing umpires astern of Starboard tack boat calling course alterations With no wing the umpires usually position in the gap

73 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 9 Slam Dunk Umpires follow port tack boat When starboard tack begins to tack umpires position to see the gap and any alteration by leeward boat Wing umpires follow starboard tack boat until obvious a slam dunk is imminent As boat tacks the wing calls the overlap on an open mike Now

74 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 10 Lee-Bow Tacks Umpires maintain the left hand position

75 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 11 Downwind Legs Similar principle with Umpires taking the left and the wing the right Note: some umpires prefer the opposite way around so you need to decide this prior to racing Without a wing the umpires need to concentrate on overlaps forming or breaking so they need to position to windward and advanced.

76 UMPIRING POSITIONING Be prepared to move into the gap if the boats overlap If the boats luff, the umpires move into the gap and look for contact If the boats gybe the opposite way then the wing can move into the gap

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79 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 14 Two-Length zone Care must be taken when calling two lengths As illustrated it may appear Yellow has reached the zone at position A A B

80 UMPIRING POSITIONING F 15 Touching Marks When boats are separated, umpire and wing can each look for mark touches If the boast are close, there is usually more important issues to deal with Watching for Part 2 infringements should take precedence Umpires must have seen the mark touch before they can penalise A spinning mark is not proof that a mark was touched

81 UMPIRING POSITIONING Golden Rules 1. Prestart position. Be as far from the pin as half the length of the line 2. Be as far from the boats as they are from each other. 3. Always try to be able to see the bow and stern of both boats. 4. If you get in a mess in the prestart go back to the 3-6 position. Not always right but never wrong! 5. Keep your fellow umpire dry!

82 WING UMPIRES & OBSERVERS G 2 Wing Umpire - Unsighted Umpires will assume last wing call remains valid unless told otherwise Important to notify umpires as soon as status has changed or you are unsighted Call Blackout G 3 Wing Umpire - Overlap Calls Don t call unless you are in perfect position and confident The following situations are all clear calls but may be seen as overlaps depending on the wing boat position

83 WING UMPIRES & OBSERVERS G 5 Reduced Numbers of Wing Umpires No Wing Umpires Not satisfactory Can utilise following match umpires to wing leaving only last match without a wing in prestart One Wing Umpire Does all pre-starts Goes up course and follows each match around leeward mark before meeting the next match coming downwind Two Wing Umpires First wing does first prestart and first downwind Then follows each match for the downwind and leeward mark rounding Second wing does all remaining prestarts Umpire Assistance When umpires finish a match they should ask if any other match needs assistance

84 COMMUNICATION Speaks and understands English at umpire speed. Speaks the key facts and rule transitions concisely as they occur. Listens to and takes account of fellow umpire s opinions and observations Uses internationally acceptable terminology. Gives and receives wing boat calls. Proper use of radio, including procedures and response to calls. Is able to clearly describe an incident after the match, both afloat and ashore. Is able to communicate clearly and calmly with fellow-umpires, competitors and organisers.

85 FITNESS Is able to spend long days on the water in small boats in bad conditions. Mobility - adequate for transferring between small boats afloat in moderate conditions and able to stand in good position to umpire. Hearing, eyesight, voice, etc.

86 Is willing to learn and accept change. Accepts ISAF rules and calls and complies with ISAF code of conduct. Pulls own weight within the team. Keeps calm under stress, able to make and signal timely, accurate decisions. Handles post-race de-briefs in a manner that encourages learning and improvement for self, other umpires and competitors. Is able to maintain good relations with umpires, organisers and race committee. Keeps to time. Has respect for other people's property (umpiring equipment, yachts, etc.) and treats accordingly. No alcohol until the work of the day is done. No unauthorised communication with the media. No prejudice to any competitors - either negative or positive.