VALIDATION OF MODEL TRAINING COURSES

Transcription

1 E SUB-COMMITTEE ON HUMAN ELEMENT, TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING 2nd session Agenda item 3 HTW 2/3/6 31 October 2014 Original: SPANISH VALIDATION OF MODEL TRAINING COURSES Presentation to the international maritime community of the International Course on Operations in Antarctic Waters (CIOAA) provided by the Maritime Authority of Chile Submitted by Chile Executive summary: Strategic direction: 5.2 High-level action: Planned output: Action to be taken: Paragraph 8 SUMMARY This document introduces the International Course on Operations in Antarctic Waters (CIOAA), which the Maritime Authority of Chile provides for deck officers; the course is a requirement for officers in charge of Chilean ships navigating in Antarctic waters Related document: Resolution A.1024(26); STCW Code, part B, chapter V, section B-V/g Introduction 1 This document is intended to make the international maritime community aware of the International Course on Operations in Antarctic Waters, which the Maritime Authority of Chile currently provides, through the Maritime Instruction and Training centre (CIMAR), for deck officers who navigate in polar waters; the course is a requirement for officers in charge of Chilean-flagged ships operating in the Antarctic. 2 The purpose of the CIOAA course is to contribute to the safety of navigation and towards preventing the marine environmental pollution that vessels operating in Antarctic waters can cause. The course places emphasis on the limitations imposed by this area's climatic, glaciological and oceanographic characteristics, with particular reference to the international legislation in force relating to maritime safety and the prevention of marine environmental pollution.

2 Page 2 Content of the International Course on Operations in Antarctic Waters 3 The programme content of the CIOAA course complies with the content of section B-V/g of the STCW Code and complements the provisions in the Guidelines for ships operating in polar waters, in particular chapter 1, paragraph 1.2 and chapter 14, "Crewing", paragraph 14.2, in relation to the qualifications and training that an ice navigator must have. 4 In 1991, the Maritime Authority of Chile made the CIOAA course mandatory for any master in charge of a Chilean merchant ship navigating in Antarctic waters, owing to the increased presence of research, passenger, merchant and pleasure vessels and the singular hydrographic, meteorological and ecological characteristics of the area. A further aim of the course was to meet the need for the masters of ships to have an appropriate level of professional understanding concerning the safety of navigation and passengers and crew on board and how to prevent environmental damage to this as yet pollution-free area, one that is regulated only by the Antarctic Treaty and by the Polar Code currently in the process of being adopted, which set out commitments on the part of the scientific community through their respective States. 5 The CIOAA course is intended for deck officers who have been in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500 gross tonnage and above for a period of not less than 12 months. After completing and passing the course, students are able to: - Plan a voyage to Antarctica and its navigation, taking into account glaciological, hydrographic, oceanographic and meteorological factors; - Navigate a ship in restricted ice-covered areas in poor conditions of wind and visibility; - Monitor and control compliance with requirements under the Antarctic agreements and those relating to the safety of human life and protection of the marine environment; - Take mitigating action to eliminate solid wastes harmful to the marine environment; - Conduct initial containment and recovery work on environmentally harmful spills of noxious substances in a contingency, always bearing in mind that the first priority is human life. 6 The attached document describes the subjects covered by the CIOAA course. International participation 7 The CIOAA course has been held annually at CIMAR on 22 occasions. Of the 359 officers who have successfully attained certification, 134 come from other countries, namely Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Ecuador, France, India, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela. In 2013 the students included three representatives of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO), and its executive director was one of the speakers. This has made it possible to enlarge the group of organizations involved in activities on the Antarctic continent.

3 Page 3 Action requested of the Sub-Committee 8 The Sub-Committee is invited to:.1 examine the content of the International Course on Operations in Antarctic Waters contained in the annex;.2 consider the CIOAA as a draft IMO Model Training Course to be developed by the Organization for the instruction of all crews on ships operating in Antarctic waters;.3 take such action as it deems necessary to improve the course according to international standards. ***

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5 Annex, page 1 ANNEX INTERNATIONAL COURSE ON OPERATIONS IN ANTARCTIC WATERS: PROGRAMME TOPICS I II II IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV The Antarctic Treaty System Glaciology The Polar Code Prevention of pollution (MARPOL) Antarctic meteorology Antarctic survival Antarctic search and rescue Antarctic communications Operations involving small craft Helicopter operations Diving operations in the Antarctic Aids to navigation Operation of ships in the Antarctic Factors affecting planning Simulating Antarctic navigation

6 Annex, page 2 OBJECTIVES CONTENTS Theory Pract. Introduction 1 0 Analysing the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty System and its requirements concerning the marine environment I. The Antarctic Treaty System Origins Content of the Antarctic Treaty, its principles, purposes and institutional mechanisms The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty and its six annexes, with special emphasis on annex IV concerning marine pollution. Study of the special areas in the Antarctic System (Antarctic specially protected areas and Antarctic specially managed areas, historic sites and monuments and sites that receive visitors) The system of observers/inspectors under the Treaty and the Protocol Antarctic System requirements concerning Antarctic tourism and non-governmental activities Practical guidelines on ballast water exchange, guidelines on the operation of aircraft near bird concentrations (helicopters), and others Brief study of other Antarctic System conventions such as the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS) and the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP). Study of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMIR); content, institutions and system of marine protected areas, etc (In this part reference is made to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling) Differences between the Antarctic System and the Arctic Council Relationship between the Antarctic System and the Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 8 0

7 Annex, page 3 OBJECTIVES CONTENTS Theory Pract. Analysing the II. Glaciology geomorphology of the Antarctic Physical and chemical properties of sea ice and land continent, ice ice features and their Ice formation and growth behaviour under the Sea-ice symbology and terminology (icebergs, effects of the floebergs, growlers, etc.) convergence of Classification and identification of sea ice and land southern oceans ice Sea-ice fields Ice regimes in different regions and seasons (coverage, type, concentration, statistical values) Differences between the Arctic and Antarctic areas Drifting icebergs and sea ice Observing ice from the ship/coast and from a helicopter Ice forecasting and observation Ice charts: interpreting different ice charts, ice edge, ice field Rapid changes in ice conditions and weather, and their consequences Movement of icebergs, floebergs and ice fields Shifting and destruction caused by convergence of waters in the Antarctic Ice pressure Friction caused by snow-covered ice. Ice regimes in different regions and seasons Terrestrial glaciology General characteristics of dynamic morphology and influence of continental ice on the Antarctic ecosystem Factors contributing to balance in the oceanatmosphere system Current situation regarding the collapse of certain barriers and the consequences 2 0 Identifying the main characteristics and aims III. The Polar Code (IMO) International Code of Safety for Ships Operating in Polar Waters Introduction Legal background Objectives Approach Structure Definitions Application Contents of the Code Comments 1 0

8 Annex, page 4 OBJECTIVES CONTENTS Theory Pract. 1. Analysing the IV. Prevention of pollution (MARPOL) requirements laid down in the various Contents: annexes to the International Convention for the 1. Application 2. Sovereign immunity Prevention of 3. Definitions Pollution from Ships, 4. Annexes: MARPOL 73/78, with emphasis on the Antarctic special area 2. Informing about the guidelines relating to ballast water discharge in the Antarctic special area a. Annex I.- Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil b. Annex II.- Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk c. Annex III.- Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form d. Annex IV.- Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships e. Annex V.- Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships f. Annex VI.- Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships Retention capacity of ships and reception facilities 6. Emergency preparedness and response measures 7. Emergency planning 1. Locating the Antarctic territory on the globe and identifying its dimensions and climatic effects 2. Describing the Antarctic climate and making local forecasts 3. Analysing the meteorological factors that affect the Antarctic territory V. Antarctic meteorology The Antarctic territory: geographical location, dimensions Difference between climate and weather Factors that condition the Antarctic climate The Earth's movement The Earth's rotation versus solar radiation Antarctic geomorphology Climatic regions: coastal and interior Orography / wind General atmospheric circulation Oceanographic factors and their interaction with the atmosphere Pacific anticyclone movement Behaviour of atmospheric pressure and wind during passage of a depression Circulation of prevailing winds Frontal systems Movement of warm fronts Movement of cold fronts Synoptic symbols, satellite image interpretation and weather systems Local phenomena 3 0

9 Annex, page 5 OBJECTIVES CONTENTS Theory Pract. Factors affecting visibility and the effects produced (white-out, etc.) Meteorological aspects applicable to navigation in the Drake Passage and the Bellingshausen and Weddell seas Special circumstances affecting operations Limitations of meteorological and oceanographic data Broadcasting of meteorological information; special forecasts Requesting meteorological support 1. Analysing certain incidents that have occurred in the Antarctic, with emphasis on the causes and the consequences for persons, the ship and the ecosystem 2. Explaining the risks of exposure to low temperatures 3. Giving accurate and concise instructions on preventive measures and survival in the Antarctic VI. Antarctic survival Procedures and techniques for abandoning ship and surviving on the ice Shelter, rules for living in accommodation Crevasse zones Vital components and accessories Signals Survival afloat Food and water Means of communication Recommended precautions against cold Injuries from frostbite Recovering a victim Classification of hypothermia: accidental or immersion Heat transfer mechanisms Convection, conduction, evaporation y radiation Recovering and evaluating a victim Resuscitation: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) manoeuvres External passive rewarming (wrapping up the victim) Internal active rewarming; exhaustion Physical effects on the eyes Disorientation Crew fatigue due to extended operations Fatigue from exposure to cold during outdoor operations Fatigue as a product of noise and vibration Effects of temporary blindness (snow blindness) produced by the reflection of light on snow 3 0

10 Annex, page 6 OBJECTIVES CONTENTS Describing search and VII. Antarctic search and rescue rescue operations, with emphasis on the Chile's commitment to the international maritime teamwork and community procedures applied in SAR area of responsibility order to reach the SAR resources scene of an accident Planning for search and rescue and safeguard human SAR operations life while minimizing Experience and presentation of actual cases environmental damage Theory Pract Identifying the main communications networks in Antarctica 2. Recognizing the difficulties affecting communications in Antarctica 1. Identifying the characteristics of small craft 2. Use and care VIII. Antarctic communications Telecommunications and aids to navigation; systems for communicating and receiving maritime safety information; coastal station network Receiving maritime safety information Communications systems parallel to the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). Aids to navigation equipment Precautions against the effects of temperature on communications IX. Operations with small craft Characteristics of craft in frequent use in the Antarctic: landing craft vehicle and personnel (LCVP), semi-rigid craft, inflatable craft and wheeled amphibious vehicles (WAV) Crew training (for loading operations in the Antarctic climate) Instructions to passengers, safety measures Crew survival equipment Common factors influencing the operation of small craft in the Antarctic; particular precautions against changing wind conditions, sea-ice conditions and visibility Operation of small craft from on board; features and limitations Communications (boat bridge, boat deck and boat base) Use of small craft for special tasks Hydrographic surveys Recognizing the presence of ice in water mirrors, search and rescue operations, etc. Features of recognized disembarkation sites in the area

11 Annex, page 7 OBJECTIVES X. Helicopter operations 1. Analysing helicopter operations in the Antarctic, taking account of inhibiting factors 2. Describing an aircraft's capacity and its use in support of search and rescue operations 3. Explaining the procedures for maintaining constant communication with the operating base so as to minimize accident risk CONTENTS Factors inhibiting helicopter operations Temperature Visible humidity (mist, fog, cloud in all forms); daylight, winds and ice formation Characteristics of the multiple-engine aircraft Equipment: communications system, liferafts with individual survival equipment Anti-ice accessories VHF and HF communications system Operating procedures Platforms, nearest bases, frequencies in common use, landing spots, heliports and communication-assisted descents Configuration Operations Flight considerations Briefing: flying suit, survival equipment Type of mission; meteorological information Connection instructions, route, flight-time Time spent on ground, estimated time of return Passenger and cargo loads to be carried Connection frequencies and timetable Theory Pract Identifying the XI. Diving operations in the Antarctic features of an area where diving will take place 2. Identifying the necessary tools for safe working Training diving personnel for operations in cold climates and waters at below-zero temperatures in the presence of sea ice and land ice Diving equipment for waters at below-zero temperatures Planning and logistics for diving operations Safety measures Considerations involved at different diving depths Common factors affecting diving operations in the Antarctic. Particular precautions for changing wind conditions, sea-ice conditions, currents and visibility Presence of marine wild life, precautions Diving operations from small craft on board or at a base. Characteristics and limitations. Communications (boat bridge and boat base) 1 0

12 Annex, page 8 Bibliography Author Title Chapter/page Year Antarctic Treaty Complete 1959/1961 Madrid Protocol Complete 1998 IMO MARPOL, as amended Chapter 1978 IMO SOLAS, as amended Chapter V 2011 IMO Guidelines for ships navigating in polar waters Complete 2010 IMO STCW Convention B-V/g 2011