may lead to disasters affecting public health and safety. The proposed development of

Transcription

1 RISK ASSESSMENT The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may lead to disasters affecting public health and safety. The proposed development of Nandikur Industrial Area generally has problems related to occupational health and safety. An emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate the consequences. Industrial accidents will result in great financial and personal loss. Overexertion, ergonomic injuries and illness caused due to repetition motion and manual handling are among the most common problems that can be raised during construction of the proposed development of Nandikur Industrial area. Risk analysis requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of populations etc. Based on the risk assessment, disaster management plan has to be prepared. The major hazards anticipated in the proposed project are illustrated below: Fire in diesel storage areas, garbage storage areas and disposal areas Natural disasters such as Earthquakes, flooding, etc. Electrical accidents Disasters from manmade sources Safety Management Plan Steps involved in the prevention and control of risk are as follows: Training to be given to the workers regarding lifting of materials & handling, placement of weight limits, selection of tools and implementation of administrative controls in the site for the development. Implementation of good house-keeping practices, such as sorting and placing loose construction materials or demolition debris in identified areas away from foot path.

2 A fall protection plan will be implanted for the persons who will work in heights and also depending on the nature and aspects of the fall hazard. Appropriate measures will be taken for the prevention and control of hazards caused by moving objects and machinery. Suitable dust suppressing measures will be implemented to suppress dust generated from moving vehicles and construction activities. Hazard Identification and Evaluation A preliminary hazard analysis is carried out to identify the major hazards associated with storage and processing of member industries. This is followed by consequence analysis to quantify these hazards. Physical and Health Occupational Hazards in any Industry can be broadly classified into the following categories: a) Electrical Hazards Electrical hazards leading to fire and explosion in switchgear and other equipment mainly due to failure of circuit breakers, insulators, fuses, and poor maintenance etc. Nevertheless, all these hazards lead to localized accidents only. b) Fire Hazards There could be other areas in the plant that have a potential for fire hazard and require adequate firefighting equipment for example, the raw material storages. These are considered here since uncontrolled fire may trigger the above emergencies due to domino effect. c) Toxic release The proposed plant will use Sulfuric acid which is corrosive and toxic. If sulfuric acid will not handle properly it will lead to toxicity and burns. Self-contained breathing apparatus will be available in the premises in the event of leakage in case of emergency. Employees will be

3 trained in handling these self-contained breathing apparatus. Since the quantity of toxic release will be on lower side, offsite implications of release are not envisaged. d) Hazardous Chemicals Release There are various hazardous chemicals (toxic and flammable), which will be used as raw material for manufacturing of Single super phosphate in the plant. Separate storage area will be provided for these chemicals and will be handled with at most care following the safety norms for handling of hazardous chemicals. e) Mechanical Risks: The failure of mechanical equipment causes injury to workers and other harmful efforts. Table 7. 1 Preliminary Hazard Analysis for Process and Storage Area Sl.No Block/Area Hazards Identified 1 Flammable Chemical Storage Fire, Spontaneous Combustion 2 DG set Fire in cable galleries, short circuits in control rooms and switch gears 3 Switch yard control room Fire in cable galleries and switch gear/control room 4 Process reaction vessels Fire due to accidental spill, leakages of flammable raw material from the equipment 5 Power Transformer Explosion and Fire DISASTER MANGEMENT PLAN Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external threats, internal disturbances, earthquakes, fire and accident. An appropriate disaster management plan (DMP) shall be prepared in consultation with the project proponent, architect, service consultant and maintenance staff. a) Preventive Action

4 Once the likelihood of a disaster is suspected, action has to be initiated to prevent a failure. The project in-charge, responsible for preventive action should identify sources of repair equipment s, materials, labor and expertise for use during emergency. The project in-charge should notify the officer for the following information: Exit points for the public Safety areas Nearest medical facilities b) Communication System An efficient communication system is absolutely essential for the success of any disaster management plan. This has to be worked out in consultation with local authorities involving police and fire department, hospital department considering the following points: Identify the relevant officials and institutions to be involved for the first, second and third level of information; Preparation of the telephone directory of these officials and making available to all concerned; Allotment of toll free number to a central communication centre. Provide wireless communication tools to safety and security and communication officers; Empowering central communication centre with latest communication equipment and tools. c) Emergency Action Committee To ensure co-ordinate action, an emergency action committee shall be constituted. An emergency evacuation plan based on local needs and facilities available will be prepared. The broad content of plan will include the following: Demarcation of the areas to be evacuated with priorities

5 Safe area and shelters Security of property behind in the evacuated areas Functions and responsibilities of various members Setting up of joint control action An elaborate firefighting arrangement will be designed for the proposed project. Functions and responsibilities of various members. Onsite DMP Onsite Disaster: If an accident/incident takes place within the industrial area and its effects are confined to the premises, involving only the persons working in industrial area and property inside the industrial area. Important elements of Onsite Emergency Plan Protection of vital records Emergency action Light and Power Protective and Rescue equipment Public Relation Periodical revision of plan Source of energy control Leadership and Administration Functions Control centre is the main centre from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. Facilities such as communication, pollution records, storage records of hazardous materials, manufacturing records and contact details of key personnel would be made available in the control centre. Assembly point is the safest place which should be pre-determined, all the personnel evacuated from the affected areas to the assembly point where in case of emergency. The

6 works main controller who acts as the General Manager of the plant will declare the emergency and he will instruct gate office to operate the emergency siren after assessing the gravity of the situation. The work incident controller is designated as the supervisor and he is the next responsible person after main controller. He will rush to the affected area and report the situation to the main controller. The other key personnel responsible for handling the emergency are communication officer, Fire and Safety Officer, Telephone operator, Medical officer and Administrative Officer. Onsite Emergency Plan should contain: Site plan and topographic plan. Plan showing firefighting facilities. Plan showing hazardous and material storage area. Material safety data sheets for hazardous chemicals. List of emergency and safety equipment. Contact details of key personnel Offsite DMP Offsite Disaster: If the effects of the accident inside the industrial area uncontrollable and it may spread outside the premises, it is called offsite disaster. Objectives of Offsite Emergency Plan To save lives and injuries. To prevent or reduce property loses and To provide for quick resumption of normal situation or operation.

7 There are three groups which play a vital role in preparing off-site emergency plan. They are State Crisis Group, District Crisis Group and Local Crisis Group. Chemical accidents(emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) rules, 1996 prescribes for the constitution of the State crisis group as apex body at the state level to deal with major chemical accidents and to provide expert guideline for handling major chemical accidents. The composition of the district crisis group has been prescribed under the chairpersonship of district collector and local crisis group under the chairpersonship of sub-divisional magistrate. The district crisis group shall meet every forty five days and send a report to the state crisis group. The local crisis group shall meet every month and forward a copy of the proceedings to the district crisis group. RISK AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN Emergencies can occur at any time usually without warning. When an emergency occurs, the safety and prompt recovery of the project site depends on the preparedness and careful response of our workers, peoples and visitors. The information listed below provides basic emergency information to help individuals respond thoughtfully in an emergency event. a) Building Evacuation In the event of an emergency, all occupants must vacate the building immediately. When notification occurs, all building occupants must evacuate from the nearest marked exit place and alert others within close proximity to do the same. Assist mobility to impaired persons to the closest area of rescue assistance. Use staircases to exit from the building. Do not use elevators in the event of fire, earthquake or other emergencies where you could become confined inside. Provision for individuals with disabilities. b) Training

8 There is a proved fact that human beings when faced with adverse situations, tend to react in the way for which they have trained and practiced. Emergency preparedness coordinator should have regular meetings with people in their building to let them know what to do and what to expect as much as possible. The project proponent will conduct mandatory Emergency Preparedness Training sessions annually, in person or web based. The training will be conducted through a collaboration of the office of the Associate vice president for administration, campus operation and campus safety. Any change in the Emergency preparedness coordinators should be immediately reported to both the Environmental Management Cell and the Environmental Safety Officer. The emergency preparedness training should be on firefighting, the equipment used for firefighting should be checked periodically and mock drills should be conducted. HAZARDOUS CONTROL MEASURES a) Fire: To prevent fire mishaps and to manage the emergency situation during fire in the proposed project the following activities and precautions are proposed. Emergency evacuation plan is important for all projects, and the same will be prepared as per Fire & Safety rules. Regular mock drills will be carried out to create awareness on procedures to be followed in times of emergency situation/evacuation. It will be advised to keep oxygen cylinders, medical kits and masks to prevent smoke inhalation especially for those with respiratory disorders for whom smoke inhalation can be very dangerous. Plant manager will be advised to ensure that the firefighting equipment s are in good working conditions. The plant will be provided with sufficient firefighting gadgets (water, soil, cylinders, etc).

9 Simple steps to be followed during emergency are as follows. Call the fire rescue department: During fire in plant, leave the premises by nearest available exit. Call fire department and do not assume anyone else has called the fire department. If your cloth catches fire, do not get panic or run, stop, drop and roll. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet clean cloth: Stay calm cover your nose and mouth with a wet, clean cloth to prevent smoke inhalation injury and choking. Never jump off or attempt to climb down the side of tall structures as it will mean certain death. Do not run: During a fire, smoke containing poisonous gases such as CO tends to rise up. When you run in a smoke filled room, you tend to inhale the smoke faster. CO dulls the senses and prevents clear thinking, leading to panic. To prevent being asphyxiated, dip tissues or cloth in water and cover your noise with it. Head-count of the occupants: During an emergency, make good use of the evacuation procedure and help each other to reach out of plant/building safely. Ensure nobody is left behind by doing a head-count of occupants. Visitors should read and understand the evacuation plan before going into the plant/building area and ensure their safety. b) Natural Disasters Natural disasters occur without notice. Most disasters are natural such as earthquake, floods, hurricanes, sandstorms, landslides, tsunamis and volcanoes. We have no way of stopping them, but we can learn to deal with the difficult situations that arise due to them. During disasters like floods, fire, earth quake, landslides, rescue beings at site. Even before external help arrives, people affected by the disasters help each other. The government and many voluntary organizations send teams of workers trained in rescue operations to disaster-affected areas. These teams join hands with the local community helpers such as doctors, nurses, social workers and policemen.

10 Temporary shelters are built for displaced people. Doctors and nurses provide medical aid. They treat the wounded and work to control epidemics. Social workers collect food and cloth from all over the country for the disaster-affected people. The police maintain law and order. Media persons help in spreading news about the victims and their conditions. They also post advertisements that urge people to donate for victims. In extreme conditions, the army and Air force organize rescue operations. They clear roads, send medical teams and help to move people to safer places. The air force drops food, water and clothes in the affected areas. Organization like UN helps in providing aid during massive disasters. Individually, people from all over the world also come forward to help during a disaster. They donate blood while many donate money. Some even reach the disaster affected places to give an extra hand in the rescue operation. Families adopt children who have lost their parents and thus give them a new home. c) Electrical Accidents Electrical hazards can cause burns, shocks, and electrocution which can lead to serious injury and even death. When dealing with potentially serious electrical hazards stop and think, Instead of taking a chance and risking your personal safety, call trained professionals to handle problems. Many times people prefer to take electrical matters into their own hands. Other small aspects of electrical repair in a business setting may be taken care of without needing professional service technicians. If you do decide to take matters into your own hands, safety precautions can avoid injuries and other losses. i. Prevention of Electrical Accidents Flexible cords connected to appliance should be wired to confirm to the International Colour code. Colour of the insulation on the wire is Brown represents live wire,

11 Blue represents neutral wire and Green/yellow stripes represent earth wire. What you should look for when selecting an electrical appliance is given below: a) The appliance should be suitable for operation on local electrical supply of 240 volts AC and frequency of 50 Hz. b) The appliance should preferably be tested and certified by a national or reputed standards testing authority c) Look for certified plugs on the flexible cords connected to the appliances. If the appliance is double insulated and has a 2-pin plug, then it should be fitted with a suitable certified plug. d) An essential formality when buying any appliances is a duly completed guarantee card with the dealers/retailer's official stamp and details of the appliance (serial number, etc.). Safety precautions to be taken when using electrical appliances a) Avoid using handheld appliances when your hand and/or body are wet. b) Do not use or leave appliances where liquid can spill on to them. c) Flexible cords connecting the appliance and the plug should be in good condition, if the cord is frayed, chaffed, cut or melted, have the entire cord replaced by a competent person. d) Check accessories such as plugs attached to appliances for cracks and burnt marks and have them replaced. If undue overheating occurs or burnt marks appear in any electrical appliance, have it checked. RISK AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN Emergencies can occur at any time usually without warning. When an emergency occurs, the safety and prompt recovery of the project site depends on the preparedness and careful

12 response of the workers, people and visitors. The information listed below provides basic emergency information to help individuals respond thoughtfully in an emergency event. a) Building Evacuation The Department of public safety and security will notify security officers, building contractors and emergency preparedness coordinators to commence evacuation procedures. In the event of an emergency, all occupants must vacate the building immediately. When notification occurs, all building occupants must evacuate from the nearest marked exit place and alert others within close proximity to do the same. Assist mobility to impaired persons to the closest area of rescue assistance. Use staircases to exit from the building. Do not use elevators in the event of fire, earthquake or other emergencies where you could become confined inside. Provision for individuals with disabilities. b) Training There is a proved fact that human beings when faced with adverse situations, tend to react in the way for which they have trained and practiced. Emergency preparedness coordinator should have regular meetings with people in their building to let them know what to do and what to expect as much as possible. The project proponent will conduct mandatory Emergency Preparedness Training sessions annually, in person or web based. The training will be conducted through a collaboration of the office of the Associate vice president for administration, campus operation and campus safety. Any change in the Emergency preparedness coordinators should be immediately reported to both the Environmental Management Cell and the Environmental Safety Officer. The emergency preparedness training should be on firefighting, the equipment used for firefighting should be checked periodically and mock drills should be conducted.