Community Safety. SOCIAL TIMES: Something to Talk About (Mom is Late Picking Up) Volume 4, Number 7 by Kari Dunn Buron

Transcription

1 Community Safety DATE: SOCIAL SKILL OBJECTIVE: Students will identify potentially dangerous situations. They will learn how to respond appropriately to help themselves, and others, be safe in the community. Instructors will use one or more of the following activities. MATERIALS: pens, 2 eggs, small box, Styrofoam pellets, play cell phone for each student, cardstock for emergency cards, 6 piece of string or rope BOOKS: I Can Play It Safe, by Alison Feigh and Laura Logan; What if a Stranger Approaches You?, by Anara Guard; A Gun is not a Toy, by Laura Wing; Smarter Than the Scoopers, by Julia Cook; Never Talk to Strangers, by Irma Joyce; Who is a Stranger and What Should I do?, by Helen Cogancherry ASCA NATIONAL STANDARDS: PS:C1.1, PS:C1.6, PS:C1.7, PS:C1.11 SOCIAL TIMES: Something to Talk About (Mom is Late Picking Up) Volume 4, Number 7 by Kari Dunn Buron SOCIAL SKILLS EXPECTATIONS: When discussing specific behaviors that impact relationships, ask: Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How in relation to behaviors. ACTIVITY 1: Students will discuss important vocabulary related to being Safety Smart. Stranger: Someone you don t know Buddy System: Always going places with one other person for safety and fun Stand like a tree: How to stand if a stray dog approaches you - stand still and look away Good Secret: A secret you feel safe with Bad Secret: Makes you feel uncomfortable Confusing Secret: A feeling that you get when something feels wrong, scary or awkward ACTIVITY 2: Community Safety Smart Thinking - Students will discuss specific locations where a stranger might approach them, and what tactics they may use to get your attention. Strangers should always ask adults, not kids, for help. Students will identify who and where they could go to ask for help. Instructors will discuss the following important stranger information with students. Why is it important to remember that adults do not ask children for help, they only ask other adults? Why is it important that we understand that the typical stranger does not look mean or scary? Most child molesters and abductors are regular-looking people. Why do you think they might go out of their way to look friendly and safe to children?

2 Why is it more important to judge a person by their actions than to judge them by their appearance? What are instincts? (something you know without learning or thinking about it) Why do people need to always trust their instincts? If someone makes you feel uncomfortable in any way why is it important to immediately walk away? If a child is with a parent it is ok to talk to someone new. What if you are alone, is it still ok? If you are lost, why is it important to know your name, address, phone number and your parents first names? (ask students to give you all of this information) Instructors will discuss the following scenarios that strangers might use to get children to go with them. Would you help me find my puppy? Would you like a ride home? Your mom told me to take you home. Would you like some candy? Do you want to pet my puppy? Can you tell me where Jane (or someone else) lives? ACTIVITY 3: Instructors will discuss when students should and should not call 911. Instructors will serve as the 911 Dispatcher while students use play-phones (include play cell phones and distinguish a nine from a 6) to practice calling 911. Students will create a 911 emergency card to place in their house with their full names, addresses and phone numbers to share with a 911 Dispatcher if they need to call 911. Instructors will discuss with students what to expect from the Dispatcher when dialing 911. What is the emergency? Where is the emergency? What is your address? What is your name? Are you safe? Stay on the phone until told to hang up. ACTIVITY 4: Students will learn simple steps to follow if they ever encounter a gun at home, at a friend s house, a relative s house, at school or somewhere in the community. Students will identify which community members have the authority to safely carry guns as part of their jobs. (Policemen, Security Guards, Park Ranger, Soldier). Instructors will discuss the following with students. Who in our community has the authority to carry guns for their jobs? Why do they? Why is it important if you see a gun to never pick it up and always treat it as if it were loaded and dangerous? If someone brings a gun to school why is it important to always Speak Up and tell an adult immediately? Why is it never okay to point a gun at someone, even if they are joking? What does it mean to have a respectful attitude vs. a disrespectful attitude toward guns?

3 If you knew someone from school who accidently got shot with a gun how would that make you feel? If someone in your family was hurt accidentally by a gun how would that impact the family? What s the difference between TV, Video Game and Movie gun violence and the real world? Why do experts say that everyone using paintball guns must wear protective eye wear? Why do you think the US Consumer Product Safety Commission recommends that kids under 16 must be supervised by an adult when using BB guns and Pellet guns? Why do we have gun safety rules? Gun Safety Rules: Leave it alone, Leave the area, Let an adult know ACTIVITY 5: Instructors will ask students about places they can go to be with friends without their parents and discuss different scenarios when plans with friends change. Are there any places your parents allow you to go alone? Why or why not? What if the friend you are shopping at the Mall with changes plans and decides to go somewhere with another person and leave you alone? You walked to a store with a friend, but your friend leaves with someone else. What do you do? You re at a park with your friend, but you want to go home. What do you do? Your mom dropped you and a friend off at a school event. Your friend s mom is picking you up later. What if another friend asks you to walk home with him right now and leave the event? ACTIVITY 6: Instructors will discuss a list of scenarios with students to identify which are safe vs. unsafe decisions. Instructors could also use string or rope to designate two sides, one Safe and one Not Safe and have students walk to the side that best describes a situation as it is read. ACTIVITY 7: Students will receive basic CPR instructions so if placed in an emergency situation they will have basic knowledge. Encourage all students to become CPR certified. Call Check the victim to see if unresponsive. If not responsive, not breathing or not breathing normally call 911. The Emergency Dispatcher will assist you with CPR instructions. Pump - If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. Push down in the center of the chest 2 inches 30 times. Pump hard and fast at the rate of at least 100/minute, faster than once per second. Blow - Tilt the head back and lift the chin. Pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths. Each breath should take 1 second. ACTIVITY 8: Instructors will have students help demonstrate the egg drop to show the importance of always wearing a helmet when riding a bike. Students will be asked to predict the outcome if an egg is dropped onto the ground. One student will drop an egg onto the newspaper on the floor. Another student will place an egg into the cardboard box containing Styrofoam

4 pellets then drop the box. This egg will survive, showing that Styrofoam in bicycle helmets can be life-saving, so wearing a helmet is being Safety Smart. ACTIVITY 9: Instructors will share the Heimlich Maneuver information sheets and pictures and discuss each step in the procedure, including determining if the procedure is warranted. Need 2 Heimlich Maneuver pictures. ACTIVITY 10: Students will practice standing like a tree with arms down at side to demonstrate what they are to do if a stray dog comes up to them. Trees are boring to dogs and the dog should soon go away and leave you alone. ACTIVITY 11: Each year lots of children are injured severely by lawn mowers. Most of these injuries can be prevented by following safety guidelines. Instructors will discuss the following safety tips regarding lawn mowers. Why is it important for children to stay at a safe distance from the area the person is mowing the lawn? What is a safe distance? Why should children never be allowed to ride as passengers on a riding lawn mower? Why is it important to pick up objects on lawn before cutting the grass? What could happen? Why is it important to never run up to someone to ask a question when they are mowing the lawn? What is our responsibility when a parent is mowing the yard? What is your parents greatest concern when they are moving the yard? ACTIVITY 12: A local Policeman will be invited to speak with students about Community Safety. ACTIVITY 13: A dog trainer will be invited to speak with students about Dog Safety. GAME: Community Safety, Speak Up, Safety Slogans

5 ACTIVITY 2: Community Safety Where and Who Where a Stranger Might Approach Front yard Walking home from school School Playground Grocery Store Mall At a friend s house Who do you ask for help answers Run straight into your house and ask your parent to call 911. Go to a house with a car in the driveway, toys in the yard and ask them to call 911. Run to the adult with you or to the nearest house and have them call 911 and your parents. Go to a cashier, a mom with kids or another lady. Go to a store clerk, a mom with kids, another mom or a security guard. Go back inside the friend s house and have them call 911 and your parents.

6 ACTIVITY 3: 911 Call 911 In an emergency When you need help When you need the policemen or fireman and there are not adults around to help you To report a fire To request an ambulance How to call 911 Stay calm Listen for dial tone Push #9, then #1, then #1 again Listen Explain what is wrong the type of emergency Explain what type of help you need: fire, police or ambulance Explain where the help is needed Give your name, address and phone number loudly and clearly Answer all questions Do not nod your head because they can t see you Do not hang up until the dispatcher says it is ok to do so If outside look for street names, big signs or building you might know Tell the dispatcher if you are walking, in a car, riding your bike, in a store, or mall, etc. Don t call 911 When there is no emergency For animals As a game or prank As a joke To practice If you call 911 accidentally DO NOT HANG UP Stay on the phone until the Dispatcher answers. Tell Dispatcher you accidentally called 911 and there is no emergency. You will not be in trouble as long as you do not hang up. Emergency Information Card Mom s name: Mom s phone number: Dad s name: Dad s phone number: Address:

7 ACTIVITY 6: Safe / Not Safe Situations Safe Not Safe Take a shortcut home from a friend s house or from school. Someone you don t know well offers to give you a ride home. If someone is following you, go up to the nearest adult and tell them. Someone you don t know asks you a question so you answer him. When you arrive home after school the front door is open so you went to a neighbor s house. When you answer the phone and they want to speak to your mom you tell them she isn t there. The smoke alarm goes off, but you don t see a fire so you just ignore it. You smell gas so call your mom at work and then leave the house. You are home alone and your friend calls to see if he can come over. You say, Sure, it s ok. You lock the front door when you get home from school since you are home alone. Your friend wants to show you his dad s gun, but you say no and go home. Your mom says you are to go to your grandma s house after school, but you go home instead. You want something on the top shelf but can t reach it. Rather than climb on a kitchen chair to get it you wait until your parents get home. You walked outdoors with your skateboard, but forgot your helmet so went back inside to get it.

8 ACTIVITY 7: CPR Training Recommendations from the Mayo Clinic Specific Topic CPR Description Instructions CPR is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone s breathing or heartbeat has stopped. The American Heart Association recommends that everyone untrained bystanders and medical personnel alike begin CPR with chest compressions. It s far better to do something than to do nothing at all if you re fearful that your knowledge or abilities aren t 100 percent complete. Remember, the difference between your doing something and doing nothing could be someone s life. Here s advice from the American Heart Association: CPR can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs until more definitive medical treatment can restore a normal heart rhythm. When the heart stops, the lack of oxygenated blood can cause brain damage in only a few minutes. A person may die within eight to 10 minutes. To learn CPR properly, take an accredited first-aid training course, including CPR and how to use an automatic external defibrillator (AED). Untrained Trained, and ready to go. Trained, but rusty If you re not trained in CPR, then provide hands-only CPR. That means uninterrupted chest compressions of about 100 a minute until paramedics arrive (described in more detail below). You don t need to try rescue breathing. If you re well trained and confident in your ability, begin with chest compressions instead of first checking the airway and doing rescue breathing. Start CPR with 30 chest compressions before checking the airway and giving rescue breaths. If you ve previously received CPR training but you re not confident in your abilities, then just do chest compressions at a rate of about 100 a minute. (Details described below.) The above advice applies to adults, children and infants needing CPR, but not newborns.

9 Before beginning CPR check: Remember to spell C-A-B Circulation Restore blood circulation with chest compressions Airway: Clear the airway Before starting CPR, check: 1. Is the person conscious or unconscious? 2. If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly, Are you OK? 3. If the person doesn t respond and two people are available, one should call 911 or the local emergency number and one should begin CPR. If you are alone and have immediate access to a telephone, call 911 before beginning CPR unless you think the person has become unresponsive because of suffocation (such as from drowning). In this special case, begin CPR for one minute and then call 911 or the local emergency number. 4. If an AED is immediately available, deliver one shock if instructed by the device, then begin CPR. The American Heart Association uses the acronym of CAB circulation, airway, breathing to help people remember the order to perform the steps of CPR. Circulation: 1. Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface. 2. Kneel next to the person s neck and shoulders. 3. Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person s chest, between the nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands. 4. Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of about 100 compressions a minute. 5. If you haven t been trained in CPR, continue chest compressions until there are signs of movement or until emergency medical personnel take over. If you have been trained in CPR, go on to checking the airway and rescue breathing. 1. If you re trained in CPR and you ve performed 30 chest compressions, open the person s airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Put your palm on the person s forehead and gently tilt the head back. Then with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to open the airway. 2. Check for normal breathing, taking no more than five or 10 seconds. Look for chest motion, listen for normal breath sounds, and feel for the person s breath on your cheek and ear. Gasping is not considered to be normal breathing. If the person isn t breathing normally and you are trained in CPR, begin mouth-to-mouth breathing. If you believe the person is unconscious from a heart attack and you haven t been trained in emergency procedures, skip mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing and continue chest compressions.

10 Breathing: Breathe for the person To perform CPR on a child Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose breathing if the mouth is seriously injured or can t be opened. 1. With the airway open (using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver), pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person s mouth with yours, making a seal. 2. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath lasting one second and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does rise, give the second breath. If the chest doesn t rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second breath. Thirty chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths is considered one cycle. 3. Resume chest compressions to restore circulation. 4. If the person has not begun moving after five cycles (about two minutes) and an automatic external defibrillator (AED) is available, apply it and follow the prompts. Administer one shock, then resume CPR starting with chest compressions for two more minutes before administering a second shock. If you re not trained to use an AED, a 911 or other emergency medical operator may be able to guide you in its use. Use pediatric pads, if available, for children ages 1 through 8. Do not use an AED for babies younger than age 1. If an AED isn t available, go to step 5 below. 5. Continue CPR until there are signs of movement or emergency medical personnel take over. The procedure for giving CPR to a child age 1 through 8 is essentially the same as that for an adult. The differences are as follows: 1. If you re alone, perform five cycles of compressions and breaths on the child this should take about two minutes before calling 911 or your local emergency number or using an AED. 2. Use only one hand to perform heart compressions. 3. Breathe more gently. 4. Use the same compression-breath rate as is used for adults: 30 compressions followed by two breaths. This is one cycle. Following the two breaths, immediately begin the next cycle of compressions and breaths. 5. After five cycles (about two minutes) of CPR, if there is no response and an AED is available, apply it and follow the prompts. Use pediatric pads if available. If pediatric pads aren t available, use adult pads. 6. Continue until the child moves or help arrives.

11 To perform CPR on a baby Most cardiac arrests in babies occur from lack of oxygen, such as from drowning or choking. If you know the baby has an airway obstruction, perform first aid for choking. If you don t know why the baby isn t breathing, perform CPR. 1. To begin, examine the situation. Stroke the baby and watch for a response, such as movement, but don t shake the baby. 2. If there s no response, follow the CAB procedures below and time the call for help as follows: Circulation: Restore blood circulation Airway: Clear the airway Breathing: Breathe for the infant If you re the only rescuer and CPR is needed, do CPR for two minutes about five cycles before calling 911 or your local emergency number. If another person is available, have that person call for help immediately while you attend to the baby. 1. Place the baby on his or her back on a firm, flat surface, such as a table. The floor or ground also will do. 2. Imagine a horizontal line drawn between the baby s nipples. Place two fingers of one hand just below this line, in the center of the chest. 3. Gently compress the chest about 1.5 inches (about 4 cm). 4. Count aloud as you pump in a fairly rapid rhythm. You should pump at a rate of 100 compressions a minute. 1. After 30 compressions, gently tip the head back by lifting the chin with one hand and pushing down on the forehead with the other hand. 2. In no more than 10 seconds, put your ear near the baby s mouth and check for breathing: Look for chest motion, listen for breath sounds, and feel for breath on your cheek and ear. 1. Cover the baby s mouth and nose with your mouth. 2. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Use the strength of your cheeks to deliver gentle puffs of air (instead of deep breaths from your lungs) to slowly breathe into the baby s mouth one time, taking one second for the breath. Watch to see if the baby s chest rises. If it does, give a second rescue breath. If the chest does not rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second breath. 3. If the baby s chest still doesn t rise, examine the mouth to make sure no foreign material is inside. If the object is seen, sweep it out with your finger. If the airway seems blocked, perform first aid for a choking baby. 4. Give two breaths after every 30 chest compressions. 5. Perform CPR for about two minutes before calling for help unless someone else can make the call while you attend to the baby. 6. Continue CPR until you see signs of life or until medical personnel arrive.

12 ACTIVITY 7: CPR Pictures CPR initial check CPR start CPR chest compressions CPR on a baby

13 Heimlich Maneuver Instructions from Mayo Clinic ACTIVITY 9: Heimlich Maneuver on a child Heimlich Maneuver on a baby Heimlich Maneuver on yourself Heimlich Maneuver Hand Placement

14 Specific Topic If choking is occurring, the Red Cross recommends a five-and-five approach to delivering first aid: To perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) on someone else: To perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) on yourself: Heimlich Maneuver Instructions Choking occurs when a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe, blocking the flow of air. In adults, a piece of food often is the culprit. Young children often swallow small objects. Because choking cuts off oxygen to the brain, administer first aid as quickly as possible. The universal sign for choking is hands clutched to the throat. If the person doesn t give the signal, look for these indications: Inability to talk Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing Inability to cough forcefully Skin, lips and nails turning blue or dusky Loss of consciousness Give 5 back blows. First, deliver five back blows between the person s shoulder blades with the heel of your hand. Give 5 abdominal thrusts. Perform five abdominal thrusts (also known as the Heimlich maneuver). Alternate between 5 blows and 5 thrusts until the blockage is dislodged. The American Heart Association doesn t teach the back blow technique, only the abdominal thrust procedures. It s OK not to use back blows, if you haven t learned the technique. Both approaches are acceptable. Stand behind the person. Wrap your arms around the waist. Tip the person forward slightly. Make a fist with one hand. Position it slightly above the person s navel. Grasp the fist with the other hand. Press hard into the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust as if trying to lift the person up. Perform a total of 5 abdominal thrusts, if needed. If the blockage still isn t dislodged, repeat the five-and-five cycle. If you re the only rescuer, perform back blows and abdominal thrusts before calling 911 or your local emergency number for help. If another person is available, have that person call for help while you perform first aid. If the person becomes unconscious, perform standard CPR with chest compressions and rescue breaths. First, if you re alone and choking and you have a landline phone, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. Then, although you ll be unable to effectively deliver back blows to yourself, you can still perform abdominal thrusts to dislodge the item. Place a fist slightly above your navel. Grasp your fist with the other hand and bend over a hard surface a countertop or chair will do. Shove your fist inward and upward.

15 Clearing the airway of a pregnant woman or big person: Clearing the airway of an unconscious person: Clearing the airway of a choking infant younger than age 1: Position your hands a little bit higher than with a normal Heimlich maneuver, at the base of the breastbone, just above the joining of the lowest ribs. Proceed as with the Heimlich Maneuver, pressing hard into the chest, with a quick thrust. Repeat until the food or other blockage is dislodged or the person becomes unconscious. Lower the person on his or her back onto the floor. Clear the airway. If there s a visible blockage at the back of the throat or high in the throat, reach a finger into the mouth and sweep out the cause of the blockage. Be careful not to push the food or object deeper into the airway, which can happen easily in young children. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if the object remains lodged and the person doesn t respond after you take the above measures. The chest compressions used in CPR may dislodge the object. Remember to recheck the mouth periodically. Assume a seated position and hold the infant face down on your forearm, which is resting on your thigh. Thump the infant gently but firmly five times on the middle of the back using the heel of your hand. The combination of gravity and the back blows should release the blocking object. Hold the infant face up on your forearm with the head lower than the trunk if the above doesn t work. Using two fingers placed at the center of the infant s breastbone, give five quick chest compressions. Repeat the back blows and chest thrusts if breathing doesn t resume. Call for emergency medical help. Begin infant CPR if one of these techniques opens the airway but the infant doesn t resume breathing. If the child is older than age 1, give abdominal thrusts only.