First Aid Handbook Third edition January 2016 ISBN

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Second edition March 2015 First Aid Handbook Third edition January 2016 ISBN 978-1-909749-71-9 ISBN 978-1-910964-15-6 Page number and previous content Page number and updated content 2 Doctors ABCD 2

In December 2011 the British Standards Institute launched the new workplace First Aid Kit (BS 8599).

1 Second edition March 2015 First Aid Handbook Third edition January 2016 ISBN ISBN Page number and previous content Page number and updated content 2 Doctors ABCD 2 Doctor ABCD Adult basic life support 6 First-aid equipment The content will be dependent on the assessment of first-aid needs that should be conducted. In December 2011 the British Standards Institute launched the new workplace First Aid Kit (BS 8599). Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation 6 First-aid equipment The content will be dependent on the assessment of first-aid needs that should be conducted. In December 2011 the British Standards Institute launched the new workplace First Aid Kits (BS ) Primary Survey Having conducted a scene survey and established that the immediate area is safe from any dangers, you can now approach the casualty. When approaching the casualty an initial casualty assessment should be conducted; this initial casualty assessment is called a primary survey. The primary survey is a systematic process of approaching, identifying and dealing with immediate and or life-threatening conditions. The primary survey can be remembered by the acronym DRSABCD (or the 11 Primary Survey Having conducted a scene survey and established that the immediate area is safe from any dangers, you can now approach the casualty. When approaching the casualty an initial assessment should be conducted; this initial assessment is called a primary survey. The primary survey is a systematic process of approaching, identifying and dealing with immediate and or life-threatening conditions. The primary survey can be remembered by the acronym DRABCD (or the

2 easy way to remember, Doctors ABCD). easy way to remember, Doctor ABCD)

3 13 13

4 14 Secondary Survey Head-to-toe survey If the casualty is breathing a secondary survey should be carried out. Inform the casualty what you are doing at all stages. If the casualty is responsive ask them to tell you if they feel any pain during the head-to-toe survey. 14 Secondary Survey Head-to-toe survey If the casualty is breathing normally a secondary survey should be carried out. Inform the casualty what you are doing at all stages. If the casualty is responsive ask them to tell you if they feel any pain during the head-to-toe survey The recovery position requires the following box placed after bottom box The casualty is now in the recovery position : 17 KEY TASK: 1 Remove the key word SHOUT and the corresponding description The action carried out if the casualty is not responsive. + Check breathing regularly, and be prepared to carry out CPR. 17 KEY TASK: 1 Key word - CPR/CIRCULATION Description - If not breathing commence 18 The Principles of Resuscitation Basic life support (BLS) comprises of the following elements: Initial assessment (primary survey) Airway maintenance Chest compressions Rescue breathing (expired air ventilation) 17 KEY TASK: 1 Key word - Call 999/CIRCULATION Description - If not breathing 18 The Principles of Resuscitation Basic life support (BLS) and automated external defibrillation (AED) comprises of the following elements: Initial assessment Airway maintenance and breathing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Automated External Defibrillation (AED) 21 Complete 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths until: 21 Complete 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths until: 1. qualified medical assistance takes over 2. the casualty shows signs of regaining consciousness such as coughing, opening eyes, speaking or moving and starts to breathe 1. A health professional tells you to stop 2. You become exhausted

5 normally 3. you become physically exhausted and cannot continue 4. if there is assistance available when administering CPR you should change over every 1-2 minutes 3. The casualty is definitely waking up, moving, opening their eyes and breathing normally Compression-only CPR If you are not trained, the casualty has extensive facial injuries or you are unwilling to give rescue breaths then chest compressions only may be administered. If chest compressions only are given, these should be continuous at a rate of compressions per minute. 22 Compression-only CPR If you are untrained or unable to give rescue breaths then compression-only CPR may be administered. If compressions-only CPR is given, then this should be continuous at a depth of 5-6 cm and at a rate of compressions per minute

22 Infant and child CPR The age definition of an

old. The age definition of a child can best be

infant can best be defined as from birth to less

The age definition of a child can best be 22 22 23

Someone who is choking will have either a partial

The severity of the blockage will determine the

23 With a complete obstruction the casualty may

develop a blue/grey tinge; the casualty will get

6 22 Infant and child CPR The age definition of an infant can best be defined as from birth to 1 year old. The age definition of a child can best be defined as from 1 year old to the onset of puberty. 22 Infant and child CPR The age definition of an infant can best be defined as from birth to less than 1 year of age. The age definition of a child can best be defined as from 1 year old to the onset of puberty A choking adult or child (airway obstruction) Someone who is choking will have either a partial or complete obstruction of the airway. The severity of the blockage will determine the difficulty in breathing. 23 With a complete obstruction the casualty may show the above signs but also the skin colour may develop a blue/grey tinge; the casualty will get progressively weaker and eventually will become unconscious. 23 A choking adult or child (airway obstruction) Someone who is choking will have either a mild or severe airway obstruction. The severity of the blockage will determine the difficulty in breathing. 23 With a severe airway obstruction the casualty may show the above signs but also the skin colour may develop a blue/grey tinge; the casualty will get progressively weaker and eventually will become unconscious.

7 24 Back Blows Lean the casualty forward (supporting the upper chest with one hand). Administer a maximum of 5 sharp back blows with the other hand. If, after 5 sharp back blows the obstruction still remains, then administer abdominal thrusts. 24 ABDOMINAL THRUSTS Stand behind the casualty, lean them forward and place your hands around their stomach. Make a clenched fist with one hand and place the thumb of the clenched fist above the navel. Cup the clenched fist with the other hand and pull inwards and upwards in one motion. Repeat this procedure up to a maximum of 5 times. If the obstruction still remains, complete the process of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts up to a maximum of a further two cycles. If, after this process, the casualty is still choking, then contact the emergency services (999/112). Continue the process. If the obstruction clears at any point, monitor and advise the casualty to seek qualified medical assistance. If the casualty becomes unresponsive commence CPR. 24 Back Blows Stand to the side and slightly behind the casualty Support the chest with one hand, lean the casualty forward and administer a maximum of five sharp blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of your other hand If the back blows are ineffective then give up to 5 abdominal thrusts 24 ABDOMINAL THRUSTS Stand behind the casualty and put both arms round the upper part of the abdomen, lean the casualty forward With one hand clench your fist and place it between the naval and the ribcage Grasp this hand with your other hand and pull sharply inwards and upwards, repeat this process up to a maximum of 5 times Assess the casualty s condition, if the obstruction is still not relieved call for an ambulance (999/112) and continue with cycles of up to 5 back blows and up to 5 abdominal thrusts until qualified medical assistance takes over If the casualty becomes unresponsive commence CPR

26 26 28 Treatment of bleeding (General) 6 th point Dress the wound with a sterile dressing and elevate the injured part if possible.

29 6: Contact the emergency services, monitor the casualty and if required treat for shock REMEMBER If you have not contacted the Emergency Services then they will not arrive!

9 Treatment of bleeding (General) 6 th point Dress the wound with a sterile dressing and elevate the injured part if possible. Last point Contact the emergency services (999/112) and monitor the casualty. 29 6: Contact the emergency services, monitor the casualty and if required treat for shock REMEMBER If you have not contacted the Emergency Services then they will not arrive! 30 Treatment, last point Contact the emergency services (999/112) 31 Treatment, 1st point Contact the emergency services (999/112) 34 Treatment, last point If it is their first seizure contact the emergency services (999/112) 28 Treatment of bleeding (General) 6 th point Dress the wound with a sterile dressing Last point Call for an ambulance (999/112) and monitor the casualty 29 6: Call for an ambulance (999/112), monitor the casualty and if required treat for shock REMEMBER If you have not called for an ambulance then one will not arrive! 30 Treatment, last point Call for an ambulance (999/112) 31 Treatment, first point Call for an ambulance (999/112) Treatment, last point If it is their first seizure call for an ambulance (999/112)

10 36 Treatment, 3 rd point Remove clothing and then flush the area of the wound with tepid water for the minimum of minutes 39 Treatment, 4 th point Contact the emergency services 41 Treatment, 1 st point Phone 999/112 immediately. REMEMBER! It is important to phone 999/112 immediately. 42 Treatment, 1 st point Call 999/112 immediately 43 Treatment, (Hypoglycaemia) 2 nd point For suspected hypoglycaemia, give a sugary drink or sugary food (e.g. glucose sweets) 43 Treatment, (Hyperglycaemia) 3 rd point If they have not been previously diagnosed then call 999/ Treatment, 3 rd point Remove clothing and then flush the area of the wound with water for the minimum of 10 minutes 39 Treatment, 4 th point Call for an ambulance (999/112) 41 Treatment, 1 st point Call for an ambulance (999/112). REMEMBER! It is important to call for an ambulance (999/112) immediately. 42 Treatment, 1 st point Call for an ambulance (999/112) immediately 43 Treatment, (Hypoglycaemia) 2 nd point For suspected hypoglycaemia, assist the casualty to take their glucose tablets or give other dietary forms of sugar 43 Treatment, (Hyperglycaemia) 3 rd point If they have not been previously diagnosed then call for an ambulance (999/112) 45 Amputations, Treatment, 1 st point Call 999/112 immediately 46 Treatment of conscious casualty, 1 st point Contact the emergency services 47 Poisons, Treatment (General), 1 st point Dial 999/ Asthma, Treatment (General), 4 th point If the attack is prolonged contact the emergency services 45 Amputations, Treatment, 1 st point Call for an ambulance (999/112) immediately 46 Treatment of conscious casualty, 1 st point Call for an ambulance (999/112) 47 Poisons, Treatment (General), 1 st point Call for an ambulance (999/112) 47 Asthma, Treatment (General), 4 th point If the attack is prolonged call for an ambulance (999/112)

47 Helpful Hint, bottom of page If it is the casualty s first attack or they are hyperventilating then contact the emergency services immediately and be prepared to carry out basic life support 47

11 47 Helpful Hint, bottom of page If it is the casualty s first attack or they are hyperventilating then contact the emergency services immediately and be prepared to carry out basic life support 47 Helpful Hint, bottom of page If it is the casualty s first attack or they are hyperventilating then call for an ambulance (999/112) immediately and be prepared to carry out basic life support. Version 1 April 2016

First Aid at Work Book (A4) First edition January 2013 (Reprinted August 2014) ISBN

First Aid at Work Book (A4) First edition January 2013 (Reprinted August 2014) ISBN 978-1-907751-88-2 Second edition January 2016 ISBN 978-1-910964-16-3 Page number and previous content Page number and