ADVANCED FIRST AID. Bibiana Navarro Matillas. Andalusian School of Public Health Guillermo Cañadas de la Fuente. Universidad de Granada

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1 ADVANCED FIRST AID Bibiana Navarro Matillas. Andalusian School of Public Health Guillermo Cañadas de la Fuente. Universidad de Granada

2 BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

3 1. Ensure that the scene is safe. 2. Assess the victim's level of consciousness by asking loudly "are you okay?" (verbal) and by checking for the victim's responsiveness to pain (tactile). 3. Activate the local Emergency system. If an Automated External Defibrillator is available, it should be retrieved and prepared. 4. If the victim has no suspected cervical spine trauma, open the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver; if the victim has suspected trauma, the airway should be opened with the jaw-thrust technique. If the jaw-thrust is ineffective at opening/maintaining the airway, a very careful headtilt/chin-lift should be performed.

4 5. Assess the airway for foreign object obstructions, and if any are visible, remove them using the finger-sweep technique. Blind finger-sweeps should not be performed, as they may push foreign objects deeper into the airway 6. Look, listen, and feel for breathing for at least 5 seconds and no more than 15 seconds. 7. If the patient is breathing normally, then the patient should be placed in the recovery position and monitored and transported; do not continue the BLS sequence.

5 Lateral safety position Phase I Roxana Munteanu, Border Poilic Training School in Iasi

6 Lateral safety position Phase II Roxana Munteanu, Border Poilic Training School in Iasi

7 Lateral safety position Phase III Roxana Munteanu, Border Poilic Training School in Iasi

8 Lateral safety position Phase IV Roxana Munteanu, Border Poilic Training School in Iasi

9 8. If patient is not breathing normally, and the arrest was witnessed immediately before assessment, then immediate defibrillation is the treatment of choice. 9. Attempt to administer two artificial ventilations using the mouth-to-mouth technique, the mouth-to-mask technique, or a bag-valve-mask. Verify that the chest rises and falls; if it does not, reposition (i.e. re-open) the airway using the appropriate technique and try again. If ventilation is still unsuccessful, and the victim is unconscious, it is possible that they have a foreign body in their airway. Begin chest compressions, stopping every 30 compressions, re-checking the airway for obstructions, removing any found, and re-attempting ventilation.

10 Press the sternum: So that it come down 4-5 cm Rate:100/minute Roxana Munteanu, Border Poilic Training School in Iasi

11 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by one person Roxana Munteanu, Border Poilic Training School in Iasi

12 10. If the ventilations are successful, assess for the presence of a pulse at the carotid artery. If a pulse is detected, then the patient should continue to receive artificial ventilations at an appropriate rate and transported immediately. Otherwise, begin CPR at a ratio of 30:2 compressions to ventilations at 100 compressions/minute for 5 cycles.

13 11. After 5 cycles of CPR, the BLS protocol should be repeated from the beginning, assessing the patient's airway, checking for spontaneous breathing, and checking for a spontaneous pulse. Laypersons are commonly instructed not to perform reassessment, but this step is always performed by healthcare professionals (HCPs). If an AED is available after 5 cycles of CPR, it should be attached, activated, and (if indicated) defibrillation should be performed. If defibrillation is performed, 5 more cycles of CPR should be immediately repeated before re-assessment.

14 12. BLS protocols continue until (1) the patient regains a pulse, (2) the rescuer is relieved by another rescuer of equivalent or higher training, (3) the rescuer is too physically tired to continue CPR, or (4) the patient is pronounced dead by a medical doctor. 13. At the end of five cycles of CPR, always perform defibrillation (AED), and repeat assessment before doing another five cycles.

15 14. CPR continues indefinitely, until the patient is revived, or until the caregiver is relieved, or discharged by a higher medical authority 15. The CPR cycle is often abbreviated as 30:2 (30 compressions, 2 ventilations or breaths). Note CPR for infants and children uses a 15:2 cycle when two rescuers are performing CPR (but still uses a 30:2 if there is only one rescuer)

16 Adult BLS Healthcare Provider Algorithm Call 112

Other diseases or age process

Other diseases or age process 1 BLS For Healthcare Providers 2 Time is Critical! begins to die in 4 to 6 minutes Brain matter cannot regenerate itself In order to sustain life, the human body must have going in and out and must be