Mastermind Study Group

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Mastermind Study Group"

Claude Kelley
5 years ago
Views:

1 Mastermind Study Group 2018 Arunima 1

2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE First Aid Basics Medical Emergencies Injury Emergencies Environmental Emergencies CPR and AED 2

3 First Aid Basics Assessing the Scene! Look out for danger to you and the injured person Look for people who can help you and look for telephones Who s injured? Where are they? 3

4 Finding the Problem Check the scene to be sure it is safe Tap the person and shout Are you OK? Check if the person is breathing Look for signs of injury such as bleeding, broken bones, burns or bites Look for medical information jewelry 4

5 Blood borne diseases are caused by germs A rescuer may catch a disease if germs in someone else s blood or body fluids enter the rescuer s body Rescuers should wear personal protective equipment (PPE) to keep from touching the injured person s blood or body fluids Exposure to Blood 5

6 Breathing Problems! Is breathing very fast or slow(check for Respiratory Rate) Is having trouble with every breath( Tight clothing, Help with any prescribed medication) Has noisy breathing( Check if its getting better or not) Can only make sounds or speak no more than a few words at a time in between breaths. Do not give anything to drink or eat. If the person becomes unconscious call

If he can cough and is trying to help himself : Do nothing ( but observe

7 Helping a Choking Adult If someone is choking, they might use the Universal choking sign. If he can cough and is trying to help himself : Do nothing ( but observe until you make sure the object is removed and he is safe) If he is not able to cough any more and is in distress help him: Heimlich Maneuver. 7

Heimlich Maneuver If unable to speak, proceed with Heimlich maneuver Make a fist with one hand Put the thumb side of your fist slightly above belly button and well below the breastbone.

8 Heimlich Maneuver If unable to speak, proceed with Heimlich maneuver Make a fist with one hand Put the thumb side of your fist slightly above belly button and well below the breastbone. Grasp the fist with your other hand and give quick upward thrusts into abdomen Give thrusts until the object is forced out and the victim can breathe, cough, or talk or until he stops responding 8

9 9

10 CPR and AED 10

11 Compressions A compression is the act of pushing on the chest People often don t push hard enough because they re afraid of hurting the victim An injury is unlikely, but it is better than death It is better to push too hard than not hard enough 11

Give Breaths Compressions are the most important part of CPR If you are also able to give breaths, you will help even more Your breaths need to make the chest rise When the chest rises, you know the

12 Give Breaths Compressions are the most important part of CPR If you are also able to give breaths, you will help even more Your breaths need to make the chest rise When the chest rises, you know the person has taken in enough air The best way to open the airway of an unresponsive victim with no suspected neck injury is the head tilt-chin lift. After the airway is opened, the proper technique for delivering mouth-to-mouth ventilation is the rescuer opens the airway, seals his or her mouth over the victim s mouth, pinches the victim s nose closed, and gives 2 breaths while watching for the chest to rise. 12

13 Compression-Ventilation Ratio Adults/Child : 30:2, Single rescuer or 2-rescuers Infants: 30:2 Single rescuer, 15:2 Two rescuers Start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest,push hard, push fast. Allow complete chest recoil after each compression. Complete chest recoil contributes to effective CPR by allowing the heart to refill with blood between compressions. Minimize interruptions Give effective breaths and after every 5 cycles reassess pulse(if not present continue cycle). Avoid excessive ventilation.(during bag-mask ventilation, giving a breath just until you see the chest rise is recommended to minimize the risk of air entering the victim s stomach (gastric inflation). Bag-mask device/technique is not recommended for a single rescuer to provide breaths during CPR. 13

available, the first step the rescuer should perform is to turn on the AED.

14 Use an AED If you start CPR and then use an AED within a few minutes, you will have the best chance of saving a life AEDs are safe, accurate, and easy to use As soon as an AED becomes available, the first step the rescuer should perform is to turn on the AED. After the AED delivers a shock, the rescuer should immediately restart CPR, beginning with chest compressions. 14

15 Electric shock to the heart Stops uncoordinated rhythm Allows return of regular rhythm and pulse Only definitive treatment for VF 15

16 Emergency sports Assessment When injuries occur, while generally not Life threatening, they require prompt care. Emergencies are unexpected occurrences that require immediate attention-time is a factor. Mistakes in initial injury management can prolong the length of time required for rehabilitation or cause lifethreatening situations to arise. All fitness professional, Coaches, and others in related areas should be CPR, AED and First Aid Trained. 16

17 Principles of Assessment Appropriate acute care cannot be provided without a systematic assessment occurring on the playing field first. On-Field assessment Determine nature of injury Provides information regarding direction of treatment. 17

Check and establish Circulation, Airway, and breathing. (CAB) Assume and neck injury.

18 The Unconscious Athlete Provides great dilemma relative to treatment-when acting alone, should contact EMS First. Must be considered to have lifethreatening condition Note body position and level of consciousness. Check and establish Circulation, Airway, and breathing. (CAB) Assume and neck injury. Remove helmet only after neck and spine injury is ruled out( face mask removal will be required in the event of CPR) If athlete in prone position and not breathing, log roll and begin CPR. 18

19 Bleeding Abnormal discharge of blood Arterial, venous, capillary, internal or external bleeding. Venous- Dark red with continuous flow Capillary-exudes from tissue and is reddish Arterial- flows in spurts and bright red. Universal precautions must be taken to reduce risk of bloodborne pathogens exposure. 19

Controlling Bleeding Direct Pressure- Firm pressure(

venous and lymphatic drainage- slows bleeding Pressure

20 Controlling Bleeding Direct Pressure- Firm pressure( hand and sterile gauze) placed directly over site of injury against the bone. Elevation- Reduces hydrostatic pressure and facilitates venous and lymphatic drainage- slows bleeding Pressure points- Eleven points on either side of body where direct pressure is applied to slow bleeding. 20

21 EMS should be contacted if this will be required Must maintain head and neck in alignment of long axis of the body One person must be responsible for head and neck at all times. Primary emergency care must be provided to maintain breathing, treating for shock and maintaining position of athlete. Placing Athlete on Spine Board 21

22 22

23 Questions!! Q:1-What is the correct depth of chest compressions in an adult? A) As deep as possible! B) Up to 2 inches! C) Between 2 to 2.4 inches! D) At least 3 inches 23

24 Answer: C! Push hard, push fast. Place your hands, one on top of the other, in the middle of the chest. Use your body weight to help you administer compressions that are at least 2 inches deep and delivered at a rate of at least 100 compressions per minute. Deliver rescue breaths. 24

25 Q:2-A victim probably has a neck injury. What is the correct way to open the airway? A) Head tilt-chin lift! B) Jaw thrust 25

26 Answer: B! The aim of the jaw thrust is to open the airway with minimal movement of the cervical spine. It should be performed by trained first aiders when there is a suspicion of a spinal cord injury. In these situations, performing a head tilt chin lift to open the airway would move the cervical spine and has the potential to cause further harm. 26

27 Q:3-How long should a pulse check last? A) As long as it takes to find a pulse! B) No more than 2 seconds! C) No more than 5 seconds! D) No more than 10 seconds 27

28 Answer: D! CPR: Assess for no breathing or only gasping and check pulse for less than 10 seconds, simultaneously. If normal breathing and pulse definitely present, monitor until additional help arrives. 28

29 Q:4-Where should you check for a pulse in an adult? A) Carotid artery! B) Brachial artery! C) Femoral artery! D) Radial artery 29

30 Answer: A In order to determine if the victim's heart is beating, place two fingertips on his carotid artery, located in the depression between the windpipe and the neck muscles, and apply slight pressure for several seconds. If there is no pulse then the victim's heart is not beating, and you will have to perform chest compressions 30

31 Q:5-Where should you check for a pulse in an infant? A) Carotid artery! B) Brachial artery! C) Femoral artery! D) Radial artery 31

32 ! Answer: B An infant's pulse is checked at the brachial artery, which is located inside of the upper arm, between the elbow and the shoulder, Place two fingers on the brachial artery applying slight pressure for 3 to 5 seconds. If you do not feel a pulse within that time, then the infant's heart is not beating, and you will need to perform chest compressions 32

33 Q:6-A child is gasping for breath but has a pulse rate of 100 per minute. The rescuers should: A) Start CPR beginning with compressions! B) Give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds! C) Give 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds! D) Do nothing; the child is not in distress 33

34 ! Answer: C" If you feel a pulse (i.e. the victim's heart is beating) but the victim is still not breathing, rescue breaths should be administered, one rescue breath every five seconds (remember to pinch the nose to prevent air from escaping). After the first rescue breath, count five seconds and if the victim does not take a breath on his own, give another rescue breath. 34

35 ! Q:7-A child is not breathing but has a pulse rate of 50 per minute. The rescuers should: A) Start CPR beginning with compressions! B) Give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds! C) Give 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds! D) Do nothing; the child is not in distress 35

36 Answer: A If you feel a pulse (i.e. the victim's heart is beating) but the victim is still not breathing, rescue breaths should be administered, one rescue breath every five seconds (remember to pinch the nose to prevent air from escaping). After the first rescue breath, count five seconds and if the victim does not take a breath on his own, give another rescue breath. 36

37 Q:8-A 50-year-old man who has been eating steak in a restaurant abruptly stands up and grabs his neck. The rescuer determines that the victim is choking. The best response is to: A) Use back blows! B) Do nothing; wait until the victim becomes unresponsive, then start CPR! C) Use abdominal thrusts! D) Use upward chest thrusts 37

38 Answer: C Heimlich Maneuver : Start by finding the proper stance - behind the victim with one of your feet planted firmly between the victim's feet. Wrap one of your arms around the victim and place your hand in a closed fist just slightly above his belly button. Place your other hand directly on top of the first. Squeeze the victim's abdomen in quick upward thrusts as many times as it is necessary to dislodge the object in his windpipe. 38

39 Q:9-An infant who had been choking becomes unresponsive. The rescuer should: A) Alternate back slaps and chest thrusts.! B) Perform a blind finger sweep to attempt to remove the obstruction.! C) Attempt to dislodge the obstruction using abdominal thrusts.! D) Begin CPR. 39

40 Answer: D! If you fail to clear the victim's air passage, dial 9-1-1and benign CPR. 40

41 Q:10-Efforts to relieve choking should be stopped when: A) The obstruction is removed! B) The victim becomes unresponsive! C) The victim begins breathing normally! D) Any of the above occurs 41

42 Answer: D"! Efforts to relieve choking should be stopped when Any of the below occurs:"! 1. The obstruction is removed" 2. The victim becomes unresponsive" 3. The victim begins breathing normally"! 42

43 Q:11 -A 65-year-old male is on a short ladder changing a light and suddenly collapses. He is unresponsive. What is the next step? A) Call 9-1-1! B) Begin CPR! C) Begin mouth-to-mouth ventilation! D) Check pulse 43

44 ! Answer: A When To Call 911 It is critical to remember that dialing 911 may be the most important step you can take to save a life. If someone besides you is present, they should dial 911 immediately. If you re alone with the victim, try to call for help prior to starting CPR on an adult and after a minute on a child. Before we learn what to do in an emergency, we must first emphasize what not to do: DO NOT leave the victim alone. DO NOT try make the victim drink water. DO NOT throw water on the victim's face. DO NOT prompt the victim into a sitting position. DO NOT try to revive the victim by slapping his face. 44

45 Q:12-What method should be used to open his airway in the case above? A) Chin lift! B) Jaw thrust! C) Head tilt/chin lift! D) Head tilt 45

46 Answer: C With the victim lying flat on his back, place your hand on his forehead and your other hand under the tip of the chin Gently tilt the victim's head backward. In this position the weight of the tongue will force it to shift away from the back of the throat, opening the airway. If the person is still not breathing on his own after the airway has been cleared, you will have to assist him breathing With the victim's airway clear of any obstructions, gently support his chin so as to keep it lifted up and the head tilted back. Pinch his nose with your fingertips to prevent air from escaping once you begin to ventilate and place your mouth over the victim's, creating a tight seal 46

47 Q:13-CPR is initiated and the victim's pulse returns but he is not breathing. What ventilation rate should be used for this patient? A) 8 per minute! B) 12 per minute! C) 20 per minute! D) Depends on his color 47

48 Answer: B As you assist the person in breathing, keep an eye on his chest. Try not to overinflate the victim's lungs as this may force air into the stomach, causing him to vomit. If this happens, turn the person's head to the side and sweep any obstructions out of the mouth before proceeding. Give two full breaths. Between each breath allow the victim's lungs to relax - place your ear near his mouth and listen for air to escape and watch the chest fall as the victim exhales 48

49 Q:14-What does AED stand for? A) Automatic Energy Delivery! B) Automated External Device! C) Automated External Defibrillator! D) Autonomous Energy Defibrillator 49

50 Answer: C 50

51 A 49-year-old female suffers a witnessed cardiac arrest. She has a known cardiac history per her family.! Q:15-You notice a bulge in the upper left chest under the skin. There is a healed incision overlying that bulge. Which is true of AED use? A) Cannot be used in this patient! B) Put a magnet over the bulge before using the AED! C) Place pads over bulge! D) Avoid placing pads over bulge 51

52 ! Answer: D! Implantable Pacemakers and Defibrillators:! If the patient has an implantable pacemaker or internal defibrillator, do not place the defibrillation pads directly over the implanted device. If the presence of an implanted device affects pad placement, place the defibrillation pad as close to the recommended pad placement as possible. 52

53 Q:16-The AED indicates shock advised. What is the next step? A) Clear the patient and deliver the shock! B) Deliver 2 additional minutes of CPR before delivering shock! C) Ventilate while shock is delivered! D) Assume error and do not deliver shock 53

54 Answer: A! AEDs (automated external defibrillators) are used to deliver a shock that is designed to halt a harmful and chaotic ventricular rhythm and restore normal sinus rhythm. Most AEDs are designed for use by lay rescuers and are simple to use, incorporating verbal commands to prompt the AED user. 54

55 Q:17-After delivering a shock, what is the next step in caring for this patient?" A) Reassess for a pulse" B) Chest compressions only! C) Resume CPR! D) Ventilation only 55

56 ! Answer: C These AED steps should be used when caring for a non-breathing child aged 8 or older who weighs more than 55 pounds, or an adult.! After checking the scene and ensuring that the person needs help, you should ask a bystander to call 911 for help, then! 1. Turn on the AED and follow the visual and/or audio prompts.! 2. Open the person's shirt and wipe his or her bare chest dry. If the person is wearing any medication patches, you should use a gloved (if possible) hand to remove the patches before wiping the person's chest.! 3. Attach the AED pads, and plug in the connector (if necessary).! 4. Make sure no one is, including you, is touching the person. Tell everyone to "stand clear.! 5. Push the "analyze" button (if necessary) and allow the AED to analyze the person's heart rhythm.! 6. If the AED recommends that you deliver a shock to the person, make sure that no one, including you, is touching the person and tell everyone to "stand clear." Once clear, press the "shock" button.! 7. Begin CPR after delivering the shock. Or, if no shock is advised, begin CPR. Perform 2 minutes (about 5 cycles) of CPR and continue to follow the AED's prompts. If you notice obvious signs of life, discontinue CPR and monitor breathing for any changes in condition! 56

57 Q:18-What age is considered an infant for BLS purposes? A) Under 1! B) 2! C) 3! D) 4 57

58 Answer: A 58

59 Do Not Carry Your doubts to Test 59

60 60

61 61

American Heart Association Health Care Provider CPR 2010 Curriculum

American Heart Association Health Care Provider CPR 2010 Curriculum 1 CPR Overview Compressions are most important part of CPR Push hard and fast Minimize interruptions CAB Assessment Circulation Airway